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know know ★★★★★/no͟ʊ/1[VERB	动词]知道；知悉；了解 If you know a fact, a piece of information, or an answer, you have it correctly in your mind.   [V n]  [V that]  [V wh]  [V]  [V about n/-ing]  [V n to-inf]  [itbe V-ed wh]  [itbe V-ed that]  [no cont]I don't know the name of the place...我不知道那个地方的名字。I know that you led a rifle platoon during the Second World War...我知道你在二战期间率领一个步枪排。'People like doing things for nothing.' — 'I know they do.'...“人们喜欢没事找事。”——“我知道确实是那样。”I don't know what happened to her husband...我不知道她丈夫出了什么事。'How did he meet your mother?' — 'I don't know.'...“他怎么认识你母亲的？”——“我不知道。”We all know about his early experiments in flying...我们都了解他早期的飞行试验。They looked younger than I knew them to be...他们看起来比我所知道的实际年龄显小。Radon is known to be harmful to humans in large quantities...众所周知，大量的氡会对人体造成伤害。It is not known whether the bomb was originally intended for the capital itself...尚不清楚炸弹起初的轰炸目标是否是首都。It's always been known that key figures in the government do very well for themselves.众所周知政府中的要员都很会保全自己的利益。2[VERB	动词]熟识；认识 If you know someone, you are familiar with them because you have met them and talked to them before.   [V n]  [no cont]Gifford was a friend. I'd known him for nine years...吉福德是我的一位朋友。我和他认识9年了。Do you two know each other?...你们俩互相认识吗？He doesn't know anybody in London.他在伦敦谁也不认识。3[VERB	动词]听说过；略有耳闻 If you say that you know of something, you mean that you have heard about it but you do not necessarily have a lot of information about it.   [V of n]  [no cont]We know of the incident but have no further details...我们听说过这件事，但对详情不是很清楚。The president admitted that he did not know of any rebels having surrendered so far...总统承认据他所知迄今为止还没有反叛者投降。I know of no one who would want to murder Albert.我没听说有人想杀艾伯特。4[VERB	动词]了解，掌握（某一学科） If you know about a subject, you have studied it or taken an interest in it, and understand part or all of it.   [V about n]  [V amount about n]  [no cont]Hire someone with experience, someone who knows about real estate...雇佣有经验、了解房地产业的人。She didn't know anything about music but she liked to sing.虽然她对音乐一无所知，但却爱唱歌。5[VERB	动词]学会，掌握（语言） If you know a language, you have learned it and can understand it.   [V n]  [no cont]It helps to know French and Creole if you want to understand some of the lyrics...如果你想读懂一些抒情诗，学点法语和克里奥尔语是有帮助的。Rachel already knows as many words in German as she does in English...雷切尔掌握的德语词汇已经和她掌握的英语词汇一样多了。Her new classmates knew no Latin.她的新同学不会拉丁语。6[VERB	动词]熟悉；了解 If you know something such as a place, a work of art, or an idea, you have visited it, seen it, read it, or heard about it, and so you are familiar with it.   [V n]  [no cont]No matter how well you know Paris, it is easy to get lost...不管你对巴黎多么熟悉，也很容易迷路。I don't know the play, I've just come to see it.我不了解这部剧，只是来看看。7[VERB	动词]会；能 If you know how to do something, you have the necessary skills and knowledge to do it.   [V wh-to-inf]  [no cont]The health authorities now know how to deal with the disease...卫生部门现在知道如何对付这种病了。We know what to do to make it work.我们知道如何让它起作用。8[VERB	动词]意识到；觉察到 You can say that someone knows that something is happening when they become aware of it.   [V that]  [V about n]  [no cont]Then I saw a gun under the hall table so I knew that something was wrong...后来我看到大厅的桌子下有一把枪，我就意识到有些不对劲儿。The first I knew about it was when I woke up in the ambulance.当我从救护车中苏醒过来时才知道发生了什么事。9[VERB	动词]认出；辨认出 If you know something or someone, you recognize them when you see them or hear them.   [V n]  [no cont]Would she know you if she saw you on the street?...如果她在大街上看到你，能认出你吗？I thought I knew the voice.我觉得在哪里听过这声音。10[VERB	动词]称为；叫做 If someone or something is known as a particular name, they are called by that name.   [be V-ed as n]  [V n as n]  [V n by n]  [V-ed]  [no cont]The disease is more commonly known as Mad Cow Disease...这种疾病更通俗的名称是疯牛病。He was born as John Birks Gillespie, but everyone knew him as Dizzy...他本名为约翰·伯克斯·吉莱斯皮，但人人都叫他“小迷糊”。He was the only boy in the school who was known by his Christian name and not his surname.他是学校里唯一一个被称呼洗礼名而不是姓氏的男孩儿。...British Nuclear Fuels, otherwise known as BNFL.英国核料烧股份有限公司，也称BNFL。11[VERB	动词]认为…是；把…看作是 If you know someone or something as a person or thing that has particular qualities, you consider that they have those qualities.   [V n as n]  [V n for n]Lots of people know her as a very kind woman...很多人认为她是个非常善良的女人。We know them as inaccurate and misleading property descriptions...我们认为对性状的这些描述是不准确的，且会使人产生误解。Kemp knew him for a meticulous officer.肯普认为他是个很细心的官员。12[VERB	动词]（因某工作或角色）认识 If you know someone as a person with a particular job or role, you are familiar with them in that job or role, rather than in any other.   [V n as n]Most of us know her as the woman who used to present the television news...我们大多数人认识她是因为她曾主持过电视新闻节目。The soldiers — all of whom we knew as neighbours — stood around pointing guns at us.那些士兵——我们都视之为邻居的人——站在四周用枪指着我们。13See also:knowing；known；  14[PHRASE	短语]现行的；我们熟悉的；我们熟知的 If you talk about a thing or system as we know it, you are referring to the form in which it exists now and which is familiar to most people.   [n PHR]He planned to end the welfare system as we know it.他计划终止现行的福利制度。...those values of our culture that are essential to civilisation as we know it.我们文化中那些构成我们所熟悉的文明社会之根基的价值观15[PHRASE	短语]（花时间）了解 If you get to know someone, you find out what they are like by spending time with them.   [get inflects]The new neighbours were getting to know each other...新邻居之间正在互相了解。I'd really like to see you again and get to know you better.我很愿意再次见到你并且更多地了解你。16[PHRASE	短语]谁知道；天晓得 People use expressions such as goodness knows ,Heaven knows, and God knows when they do not know something and want to suggest that nobody could possibly know it.   [PHR as reply]  [INFORMAL 非正式]'Who's he?' — 'God knows.'“他是谁？”——“天晓得。”Old Gunga spoke God knows how many languages...老贡嘎会说很多种语言，天晓得有多少种。Heaven only knows what his mother would have said.天晓得他母亲原本会说什么。17[CONVENTION	惯用语]（表示同意）我理解，我有同感，我知道 You say 'I know' to show that you agree with what has just been said. 'This country is so awful.' — 'I know, I know.'“这个国家太糟糕了。”——“的确是，的确是。”18[CONVENTION	惯用语]（表示接受）我知道 You say 'I know' to show that you accept that something is true, but think that it is not very important or relevant. 'There are trains straight from Cambridge.' — 'I know, but it's no quicker.'“有直接从剑桥开出的列车。”——“我知道，但也不快。”19[PHRASE	短语]（表示同情和理解）我理解，我知道 You use 'I know' to express sympathy and understanding towards someone.   [PHR wh/that]I'm sorry, George. I know how you feel...我很遗憾，乔治。我理解你的感受。I know what you're going through.我知道你正在经受什么样的煎熬。20[PHRASE	短语]不知道，不认为（表示不完全同意或不认为是真的） You can use I don't know to indicate that you do not completely agree with something or do not really think that it is true.   [usu PHR about n]'He should quite simply resign.' — 'I don't know about that.'“他就该辞职。”——“我不知道。”I don't know that it's made the decision any easier.我不认为这对作出决定有丝毫帮助。21[PHRASE	短语]我不知道你（们）怎么想（表示将表达自己想法并想知道他人的看法） You can say 'I don't know about you' to indicate that you are going to give your own opinion about something and you want to find out if someone else feels the same.   [PHR but cl]I don't know about the rest of you, but I'm hungry...我不知道你们怎么样，但我是饿了。I don't know about you, but I've had just about enough of this.我不知道你怎么想，但我已经受够了。22[PHRASE	短语]（表示批评某人的行为）真想不到，真不知道 You use I don't know in expressions which indicate criticism of someone's behaviour. For example, if you say that you do not know how someone can do something, you mean that you cannot understand or accept them doing it.   [PHR wh]  [disapproval]I don't know how he could do this to his own daughter...真想不到他竟对自己的女儿这样。I don't know how you can say that...真想不到你竟说那话。I don't know what those folk think they are playing at.真不知道那些家伙在搞什么鬼。23[PHRASE	短语]我要是知道就好了；我根本不知道 People sometimes use expressions such as I'm blessed if I know or damned if I know to emphasize the fact that they do not know something.   [oft PHR as reply]  [emphasis]  [INFORMAL 非正式]'What was that all about?' — 'Damned if I know.'“那都是关于什么的？”——“我要知道就好了。”I'm damned if I know what plans he has in that direction.我压根不知道他在那方面有什么计划。24[PHRASE	短语]知情；（尤指）熟悉内幕，掌握内情 If you are in the know about something, especially something that is not known about or understood by many people, you have information about it.   [usu v-link PHR]It was gratifying to be in the know about important people...了解重要人物的一些内幕真令人高兴。He takes crucial decisions without consulting people in the know.他没有咨询相关知情人士就作了重要的决定。25[CONVENTION	惯用语]（表示所说的话对方理解）你是知道的，你知道我的意思 You can use expressions such as you know what I mean and if you know what I mean to suggest that the person listening to you understands what you are trying to say, and so you do not have to explain any more.   [SPOKEN 口语]None of us stayed long. I mean, the atmosphere wasn't — well, you know what I mean...我们都没呆太久。我的意思是，气氛并不是——唔，你知道我的意思。She was a bit stuck up, know what I mean?她有点自命不凡，你明白我的意思吧?26[CONVENTION	惯用语]（指可能会发生好事）很难说，很难预料 You say 'You never know' or 'One never knows' to indicate that it is not definite or certain what will happen in the future, and to suggest that there is some hope that things will turn out well.   [vagueness]You never know, I might get lucky...很难说，我也许会交好运呢。There might be an even bigger one — I doubt it, but you never know.可能还有个比这还要大的——我觉得有点悬，但也很难说。27[CONVENTION	惯用语]据我所知没有 You say 'Not that I know of' when someone has asked you whether or not something is true and you think the answer is 'no' but you cannot be sure because you do not know all the facts.   [vagueness]'Is he married?' — 'Not that I know of.'“他结婚了吗？”——“据我所知没有。”28[PHRASE	短语]我怎么知道；我不知道 You can say 'How was I to know?', or in British English 'I wasn't to know', to mean that you cannot be blamed or criticized for something you did, because you did not have enough information to realize that it was wrong.   [oft PHR cl]How was I to know you'd return so suddenly?...我怎么知道你会这么突然就回来?You weren't to know — in fact, I think I'm the only person who does know.你不会知道——实际上，我想我是唯一真正知道的人。29[PHRASE	短语]（某人）知道什么，懂什么（表示其没有资格评论） You can use expressions such as What does she know? and What do they know? when you think that someone has no right to comment on a situation because they do not understand it.   [oft PHR about n]  [disapproval]Don't listen to him, what does he know?...别听他的，他知道什么？I always felt his attitude was, 'What do you know about it?'我感觉他总是那种“你懂什么？”的态度。30[EXCLAM	感叹语]（表示惊讶）你看怪不怪，真没想到 People sometimes say 'What do you know!' when they are very surprised about something.   [feelings]  [INFORMAL 非正式]Well, what do you know!哎呀，真没想到！31[CONVENTION	惯用语]（加强语气或引起注意）你要知道 You use you know to emphasize or to draw attention to what you are saying.   [emphasis]  [SPOKEN 口语]The conditions in there are awful, you know...你要知道，那里的条件很艰苦。You know, it does worry me.你要知道，这实在让我担心。32[CONVENTION	惯用语]（表示不确定要说的话或考虑接着说什么）你知道 People use you know when they are uncertain about what they are saying or what they are going to say next.   [SPOKEN 口语]He's generous and, you know, very nice, very polite...他很大方而且，你知道，很友善，很有礼貌。I thought I'd, you know, have a chat with you.我想我应该，呃，和你谈谈。33[CONVENTION	惯用语]（表示进一步解释）你是知道的，你难道不知道 You use you know when you are trying to explain more clearly what you mean, by referring to something that the person you are talking to knows about.   [SPOKEN 口语]Wear the white dress, you know, the one with all the black embroidery.穿那件白裙，你知道的，上面有黑色刺绣的那件。34[PHRASE	短语]（加强语气）你不知道，你都想不到 You can say 'You don't know' in order to emphasize how strongly you feel about the remark you are going to make.   [PHR wh]  [emphasis]  [SPOKEN 口语]You don't know how good it is to speak to somebody from home.你不知道和家乡来的人说说话感觉有多好。35 to know something backwards→see: backwards； to know best→see: best； to know better→see: better； to know no bounds→see: bound； to know what side your bread is buttered on→see: butter； to know something for a fact→see: fact； as far as I know→see: far； not to know the first thing about something→see: first； to know full well→see: full； to let someone know→see: let； not to know the meaning of the word→see: meaning； to know your own mind→see: mind； for reasons best known to oneself→see: reason； to know the ropes→see: rope；  know1 verbknow2 nounknowknow1 /nəʊ $ noʊ/ ●●● S1 W1 verb (past tense knew /njuː $ nuː/, past participle known /nəʊn $ noʊn/)  Entry menu Word Origin Verb Table Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases Word family 1have information [intransitive, transitive] to have information about something:  Who knows the answer? There are instructions telling you everything you need to know. Didn’t you know that?know what/how/where etc Do you know what time it is? I don’t know where to go.know (something/nothing etc) about something I need to know more about the job before I decide whether to apply for it. Little is known about the author’s childhood. I know all about David and what he’s been up to!know (something/nothing etc) of something I wonder if he knew of the plan? Do you know of any good restaurants in the area? You know nothing of this business.know (that) We know that greenhouse gases can affect the climate. Let me know (=tell me) what time you’re planning to arrive. I thought you’d want to know immediately. If you must know, I was with James last night  (=used when you are angry because someone wants to know something).without somebody/somebody’s knowing He slipped out of the house without his parents knowing  (=secretly). How did he know (=how did he find information about) our names?as you/we know ‘I’m divorced, as you know,’ she said briefly.be known to do something Smoking is known to increase a person’s risk of developing lung cancer.GRAMMARIn more formal English, you say it is known that or it is known who/why/what etc: · It is known that the drug causes infertility.· It is not known how many people were killed.2be sure [intransitive, transitive] to be sure about something:  ‘Are you seeing Jim tomorrow?’ ‘I don’t know yet.’know (that) I know I won’t get the job. Ruth knew that she couldn’t continue in the relationship for much longer.know what/why/how etc I know exactly what you need!know if/whether The boy stared at him uncertainly, not knowing whether to believe him. I don’t know if I’ll be able to come.knowing (that) She forced herself to go out, knowing that she would feel more depressed if she stayed at home. How do you know (=what makes you sure) he won’t do it again?know somebody/something to be something It’s a story that I know to be true. I think he’s still living in Chicago, but I don’t know for sure. As far as I know, they’re arriving on Saturday  (=used when you think something is true but are not sure). I doubt I’ll win, but you never know (=used when you cannot be sure about something, but something good might happen).► see thesaurus at sure3be familiar with somebody/something [transitive] to be familiar with a person, place etc:  I’ve known her for twenty years. Are you really thinking of leaving Kevin for a guy you barely know? Do you know the nightclub on the corner of Maine Street? I don’t know him very well. We’re still getting to know each other really.know somebody from something I know her from school.know somebody as something Many people knew him as a local businessman. Hepburn is best known for (=people are most likely to be familiar with) her roles in classic films such as ‘My Fair Lady’. The museum outlines the development of the city as we know it today. Does he know the way to your house  (=know how to get there)? I grew up here; I know the place like the back of my hand (=I know it very well). I only know her by sight (=I often see her but have not really spoken to her). She didn’t know me from Adam (=she did not know me at all), but she was really helpful.knowing somebody/if I know somebody (=used to say that you expect someone to behave in a particular way because you know them well) Knowing Sumi, my note’s probably still in her pocket. He’ll be chatting up the women, if I know Ron!4realize [intransitive, transitive] to realize, find out about, or understand something:  She knew the risks involved. Hardly knowing what he was doing, Nick pulled out a cigarette.know (that) Suddenly she knew that something was terribly wrong.know how/what/why etc I didn’t know how difficult it would be.know to do something She knows not to tell anyone.(do you) know what I mean? (=used to ask if someone understands or has the same feeling as you) It’s nice to have a change sometimes. Know what I mean?if you know what I mean Sometimes it’s better not to ask too many questions, if you know what I mean. ‘I just felt so tired.’ ‘Yeah, I know what you mean.’ (=I understand, because I have had the same experience) I should have known it wouldn’t be easy. I might have known (=I am annoyed but not surprised) you would take that attitude.know exactly/precisely I know exactly how you feel.know perfectly well/full well/only too well He knew full well that what he was doing was dangerous.somebody will never know/no one will ever know Just take it. No one will ever know. ‘That’s not what I mean, and you know it,’ he protested.if I had known/if I’d have known I wouldn’t have come if I’d known you were so busy. Little did she know (=she did not know) that years later she would have her own pool and luxury apartment in Florida. She knew nothing of what had happened earlier that day.5skill/experience [transitive] to have learned a lot about something or be skilful and experienced at doing something:  I don’t know enough history to make a comparison. I taught him everything he knows. I know some French.know how to do something Do you know how to change a fuse?know about I have a friend who knows about antiques. Bessie knew nothing about football. Politicians know all about the power of language. I don’t know the first thing about (=I know nothing about) looking after children. I don’t really know what I’m doing (=I do not have enough skill and experience to deal with something) when it comes to cars. The staff are dedicated people who clearly know what they are talking about. She knew from experience that exams made her very nervous.know your job/subject/stuff (=be good at and know all you should about a job or subject) a decent manager who knows the ropes (=has a lot of experience) My cousin knows a thing or two (=knows a lot) about golf.know a song/tune/poem etc (=be able to sing a song, play a tune, say a poem etc because you have learned it) Do you know all the words to ‘As Time Goes By’?6know somebody’s qualities [transitive] to think that someone has particular qualitiesknow somebody as something I knew him as a hard-working, modest, and honest politician.know somebody for something In fact, I knew her for a tough-minded young woman.7know better a)to be wise or experienced enough not to do something:  It’s just prejudice from educated people who should know better. Eva knew better than to interrupt one of Mark’s jokes. b)to know or think you know more than someone else:  Everyone thought it was an accident. Only Dan knew better.8not know any better used to say that someone does something bad or stupid because they have not been told or taught that it is wrong:  Drugs are being sold to children who don’t know any better.9know something inside out (also know something backwards British English, know something backwards and forwards American English) to be very familiar with something, especially because you have learned about it or because you have a lot of experience:  Erikson knows the game inside out.10know your way around something a)to be so familiar with something that you are confident and good at using it:  She knows her way around a wine list. b)to be familiar with a place so that you know where things are:  I don’t know my way around the city yet.11make yourself known (to somebody) formal to introduce yourself to someone:  After she had gone, Paul made himself known to Dr Heatherton.12recognize [transitive] to be able to recognize someone or something:  Honestly, it had been so long, I hardly knew her.know somebody/something by something He looked very different, but I knew him by his voice.► see thesaurus at recognize13know somebody/something as something to have a particular name:  The main street between the castle and the palace is known as ‘the Royal Mile’. Nitrous oxide is commonly known as laughing gas.14know something from something to understand the difference between one thing and another:  Lloyd doesn’t even know his right from his left. At what age do children start to know right from wrong?15experience [transitive] to have experience of a particular feeling or situation:  I don’t think he ever knew true happiness.know about I know all about being poor. I’ve never known (=have never experienced) this to happen in all the time I’ve worked here. I’ve never known him to shout  (=he never shouts).16somebody/something is not known to be something or somebody/something has never been known to do something used to say there is no information that someone or something has particular qualities:  This species is not known to be vicious.17I’ve known somebody/something to do something or somebody/something has been known to do something used to say that someone does something sometimes or that something happens sometimes, even if it is unusual:  People have been known to drive 500 miles just to visit the shop. This type of fish has been known to live for 10 years or more.SPOKEN PHRASES18you know a)used to emphasize a statement:  There’s no excuse, you know. b)used to make sure that someone understands what you are saying:  I felt very upset, you know? c)used when you want to keep someone’s attention, but cannot think of what to say next:  Well, you know, we’ve got a job to do here. d)used when you are explaining or describing something and want to give more information:  That flower in the garden – you know, the purple one – what is it?19you know/do you know used to start talking about something, or make someone listen:  You know, I sometimes feel I don’t know him at all. Do you know, when I went out this morning that man was still there.(do) you know what/something? You know what? I think he’s lonely.20I know a)used to agree with someone or to say that you feel the same way:  ‘We have to talk about it, Rob.’ ‘Yeah, I know.’ b)used to say that you have suddenly had an idea, thought of a solution to a problem etc:  I know! Let’s go out for a meal on your birthday. c)used to stop someone from interrupting because they have an opinion about what you are saying:  It sounds silly, I know, but I will explain. I know, I know, I should have had the car checked out before now.21I don’t know a)used to say that you do not have the answer to a question:  ‘When did they arrive?’ ‘I don’t know.’ b)used when you are not sure about something:  ‘How old do you think he is?’ ‘Oh, I don’t know – sixty, seventy?’know what/how/whether etc I don’t know whether to call him.I don’t know that I don’t know that you need a passport for travelling within the EU. c)used to show that you disagree slightly with what has just been said:  ‘I couldn’t live there.’ ‘Oh, I don’t know. It might not be so bad.’ d) British English used to show that you are slightly annoyed:  Oh, I don’t know! You’re hopeless!22I don’t know how/why etc used to criticize someone:  I don’t know how people could keep an animal in those conditions.23I don’t know about you, but ... used to give your opinion, decision, or suggestion when you are not sure that the person you are talking to will feel the same way:  I don’t know about you, but I’ll be glad when Christmas is over.24I don’t know how to thank you/repay you used to thank someone25wouldn’t you know (it) used to say that something is not at all surprising:  I was told in no uncertain terms that Helen, wouldn’t you know it, didn’t approve.26you don’t know used to emphasize how strong your feelings are:  You don’t know how much I missed him.27I wouldn’t know used to say that you do not know the answer to something and that you are not the person who would know28what does somebody know? used to say angrily that someone’s opinion is wrong or that it is not important:  What does she know about relationships?29how should I know?/how am I to know?/how do I know? used to say that it is not reasonable to expect that you should know something:  ‘When will they be back?’ ‘How should I know?’30how was I to know?/how did I know? used as an excuse when something bad has happened:  How was I to know that the file was confidential?31be not to know British English used to say that you do not mind that someone has made a mistake because they could not have avoided it:  ‘Sorry, I didn’t realize you had guests.’ ‘That’s all right – you weren’t to know.’32I ought to know used to emphasize that you know about something because you made it, experienced it etc:  ‘Are you sure there’s no sugar in this coffee?’ ‘Of course. I ought to know – I made it!’33for all I know used to emphasize that you do not know something and say that it is not important to you:  I don’t know where she is. She could have been kidnapped for all I know.34not that I know of used to say that you think the answer is ‘no’ but there may be facts that you do not know about:  ‘Did he call earlier?’ ‘Not that I know of.’35Heaven/God/who/goodness knows! a)used to say that you do not know the answer to a question:  ‘Where do you think he’s disappeared to this time?’ ‘God knows!’ Goodness knows why she didn’t go herself. b)used to emphasize a statement:  Goodness knows, I’ve never liked the woman, but I didn’t know how bad it would be to work with her.36knowing my luck used to say that you expect something bad will happen because you are usually unlucky:  Knowing my luck, the train will be late.37(well,) what do you know? used to express surprise:  Well, what do you know? Look who’s here!38if you know what’s good for you used to tell someone that they should do something, or something bad will happen:  You’ll keep your mouth shut about this if you know what’s good for you!39you know who/what used to talk about someone or something without mentioning their name:  I saw you know who yesterday.40there’s no knowing it is impossible to know:  There was no knowing who might have read the letter.41let it be known/make it known (that) formal to make sure that people know something, especially by getting someone else to tell them:  Farrar let it be known that he saw nothing wrong with the proposed solutions.42not want to know British English informal to not be interested in someone and what they want to say:  She’d approached several model agencies but they just didn’t want to know.43know the score informal to understand a situation and all the good and bad features about it:  I knew the score before I started the job.44not know what hit you informal to feel shocked and confused because something happens when you are not expecting it to:  Poor man – I don’t think he knew what hit him.45know your place used to say that someone understands that they are less important than other people – usually used humorously:  I know my place. I’ll get back to the kitchen!46know no bounds formal if a feeling or quality knows no bounds, it is not limited in any way:  His enthusiasm knew no bounds.47somebody knows best used to say that someone should be obeyed or that their way of doing things should be accepted because they are experienced:  She always thinks she knows best. I have always hated the attitude that ‘the doctor knows best’.48before you know it used to say that something happens very quickly and when you are not expecting it:  You’ll be home before you know it.49know different/otherwise informal to know that the opposite of something is true:  He told people he didn’t care about her, but deep down he knew different.50know your own mind to be confident and have firm ideas about what you want and like51you will be delighted/pleased etc to know (that) formal used before you give someone information that they will be pleased to hear:  You will be pleased to know that we have accepted your offer.52it’s ... , Jim, but not as we know it informal humorous used to say that something is completely different from what we would normally expect something of its type to be:  It’s the blues, Jim, but not as we know it. → the next thing I/she etc knewat next1(6)GRAMMAR: Using the progressive• Know is not used in the progressive. You say: · I know who that is.· Do you know this song? ✗Don’t say:  I’m knowing who that is.  | Are you knowing this song?• However, the participle knowing is sometimes used: · Knowing she would appreciate it, I offered to help.Grammar guide ‒ VERBSknow1 verbknow2 nounknowknow2 noun  Thesaurus Collocations Phrases  in the know informal having more information about something than most people:  People in the know say that interest rates will have to rise again soon.

Accepted Answer

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            know              ★                    /        nəʊ                ;          NAmE                noʊ                /                              verb                ,                  noun                            know      knows      knew      knowing      known                            verb        ★                                  (              knew                  /          njuː                    ;            NAmE                    nuː                    /                known                  /          nəʊn                    ;            NAmE                    noʊn                    /                    )        (      not used in the progressive tenses        不用于进行时      )              have information        知悉                    1        ★                  [transitive                ,         intransitive          ]                          to have information in your mind as a result of experience or because you have learned or been told it            知道；知悉；了解                                    knowsth                          ◆          Do you know his address?          你知道他的地址吗？                          ◆          The cause of the fire is not yet known.          火灾的原因尚不清楚。                          ◆                      All I knowis that she used to work in a bank            (= I have no other information about her).                    我只知道她曾在银行工作过。                          know(that)…                          ◆          I know (that) people's handwriting changes as they get older.          我知道人们的笔迹随着年龄的增长而变化。                it is known that…                  ◆          It is widely known that CFCs can damage the ozone layer.          众所周知氯氟烃会破坏臭氧层。                          knowwhere, what, etc…                          ◆          I knew where he was hiding.          我知道他藏在哪里。                          ◆          I didn't know what he was talking about.          我不知道他在谈什么。                          know(of/about sth)                          ◆          ‘You've got a flat tyre.’ ‘I know.’          “你的车胎瘪了。”“我知道。”                          ◆          ‘What's the answer?’ ‘I don't know.’          “答案是什么？”“我不知道。”                          ◆          ‘There's no one in.’ ‘            How do you know?’                    “一个人都没有。”“你怎么知道呢？”                          ◆          You know about Amanda's baby, don't you?          你知道阿曼达的小宝宝吧？                          ◆                      I don't know about you, butI'm ready for something to eat.                    不管你怎么样，反正我要吃点东西。                          ◆                      I know ofat least two people who did the same thing.                    我知道至少有两人干过同样的事。                          ◆          ‘Is anyone else coming?’ ‘            Not that I know of.’                    “还有别的人要来吗？”“据我所知没有了。”                          ◆          ‘Isn't that his car?’ ‘            I wouldn't know./How should I know?’            (= I don't know and I am not the person you should ask.)                    “那不是他的汽车吗？”“我怎么会知道呢？”                          ◆          (            informal)                    ‘What are you two whispering about?’ ‘            You don't want to know.’            (= because you would be shocked or wouldn't approve).                    “你们俩在说什么悄悄话？”“你还是不知道的好。”                          knowto do sth                          ◆          Does he know to come here            (= that he should come here)first?                    他知道要先到这儿来吗？                          knowsb/sth to be/do sth                          ◆          We know her to be honest.          我们知道她很诚实。                          ◆          Two women are known to have died.          据悉两名妇女死了。                          ☞see also                                                    need-to-know                                                                realize        意识到                    2        ★                  [transitive                ,         intransitive          ]                          to realize, understand or be aware of sth            认识到；懂得；意识到                                    know(that)…                          ◆          As soon as I walked in the room I knew (that) something was wrong.          我刚走进屋就意识到出了事。                          ◆          She knew she was dying.          她知道自己快死了。                          knowwhat, how, etc…                          ◆          I knew perfectly well what she meant.          我完全懂她的意思。                          ◆          I know exactly how you feel.          我非常清楚你的感受。                          know(sth)                          ◆          This case is hopeless            and he knows it            (= although he will not admit it).                    这个案子毫无希望，这一点他是清楚的。                          ◆          ‘Martin was lying all the time.’ ‘            I should have known.’                    “马丁一直在撒谎。”“我本该察觉到的。”                            feel certain        确信                    3        ★                  [transitive                ,         intransitive          ]                          to feel certain about sth            确信；确知；肯定                                    know(that)…                          ◆          He knew (that) he could trust her.          他确信她是可以信赖的。                          ◆          I know it's here somewhere!          我肯定它在这儿某个地方！                          ◆          I don't know that I can finish it by next week.          我没有把握能在下周完成。                          know(sth)                          ◆          ‘You were right—someone's been spreading rumours about you.’ ‘I knew it!’          “你说得对，有人一直在散布你的谣言。”“我早就知道！”                          ◆          ‘She's the worst player in the team.’ ‘Oh,            I don't know            (= I am not sure that I agree)—she played well yesterday.’                    “她是最糟的队员。”“哦，是吗？她昨天表现可不错。”                          ☞see also                                                    don't-know                                                                be familiar        熟悉                    4        ★                  [transitive          ]                          knowsb/sth                          to be familiar with a person, place, thing, etc.            熟悉；认识；了解                                    ◆          I've known David for 20 years.          我认识戴维已有 20 年了。                          ◆          Do you two know each other            (= have you met before)?                    你们俩认识吗？                          ◆          She's very nice when you            get to knowher.                    你了解她以后就会觉得她非常可爱。                          ◆                      Knowing Ben,we could be waiting a long time            (= it is typical of him to be late).                    本这个人我们了解，能叫我们等很长时间。                          ◆          This man            is known to the police            (= as a criminal).                    这男人是在警方挂了号的。                          ◆          I know Paris well.          我很熟悉巴黎。                          ◆          Do you know the play            (= have you seen or read it before)?                    你知道这出戏吗？                          ◆          The new rules could mean the end of football            as we know it            (= in the form that we are familiar with).                    这些新规则可能意味着我们熟悉的足球终结了。                            reputation        名声                    5        ★                  [transitive                ,         usually passive          ]                          to think that sb/sth is a particular type of person or thing or has particular characteristics            把…看作是；认为…是                                    knowsb/sth as sth                          ◆          It's known as the most dangerous part of the city.          人们都认为那是市内最危险的地段。                          knowsb/sth for sth                          ◆          She is best known for her work on the human brain.          她在对人脑的研究方面最为知名。                          knowsb/sth to be/do sth                          ◆          He's known to be an outstanding physicist.          他被公认为杰出的物理学家。                            give name        命名                    6        ★                  [transitive          ]                          knowsb/sth as sth                          [usually passive          ]                          to give sb/sth a particular name or title            将…称为；把…叫做                                    ◆          The drug is commonly known as Ecstasy.          这种致幻药通常称作摇头丸。                          ◆          Peter Wilson, also known as ‘the Tiger’          彼得 · 威尔逊，也称“老虎”。                            recognize        认出                    7        ★                  [transitive          ]                          knowsb/sth                          to be able to recognize sb/sth            能认出；能辨认出                                    ◆          I couldn't see who was speaking, but I knew the voice.          我看不到谁在讲话，但我能辨认出声音。                          ◆          She knows a bargain when she sees one.          她一看就知道有没有便宜可捡。                          ☞synonyms at                                                    identify                                                                distinguish        区分                    8                  [transitive          ]                          knowsb/sth from sb/sth                          to be able to distinguish one person or thing from another            能区分；能分辨                                    SYN                                                    differentiate                                                              ◆          I hope we have taught our children to know right from wrong.          我希望我们教给了孩子分辨是非的能力。                            skill/language        技能；语言                    9        ★                  [transitive          ]                          to have learned a skill or language and be able to use it            学会；掌握                                    knowsth                          ◆          Do you know any Japanese?          你会日语吗？                          knowhow, what, etc…                          ◆          Do you know how to use spreadsheets?          你知道电子数据表的使用方法吗？                            experience        经历                    10                  [transitive          ]                          (            only used in the perfect tenses              仅用于完成时            )                    to have seen, heard or experienced sth            看到过；听到过；经历过                                    knowsb/sth (to) do sth                          ◆          I've never known it (to) snow in July before.          我以前从未见到过七月份下雪。                be known to do sth                  ◆          He has been known to spend all morning in the bathroom.          听说他整个上午都待在浴室里。                            11                  [transitive          ]                          knowsth                          to have personal experience of sth            亲身体验；亲身经历                                    ◆          He has known both poverty and wealth.          他贫富生活都亲身经历过。                          ◆          She may be successful now, but she has            known what it is like to bepoor.                    她现在算是成功了，但她尝过贫穷的滋味。                            IDIOMS              before you know where you ˈare                              very quickly or suddenly              瞬息之间；转眼间；一下子                                            ◆            We were whisked off in a taxi before we knew where we were.            还没等我们弄清怎么回事，出租车就一阵风似地把我们带走了。                                      be not to ˈknow                              to have no way of realizing or being aware that you have done sth wrong              无从知道，并不知道（做错了事）                                            ◆            ‘I'm sorry, I called when you were in bed.’ ‘Don't worry—you weren't to know.’            “对不起，你睡觉时打电话打扰你了。”“别在意，你不是故意的嘛。”                                      for all you, I, they, etc. know                              (              informal)                        used to emphasize that you do not know sth and that it is not important to you              （强调不知道对自己无关紧要的事）不知道，说不定，亦未可知                                            ◆            She could be dead for all I know.            她说不定已经死了。                                      God/goodness/Heaven knows        (          informal)                          1          ★                      used to emphasize that you do not know sth              （强调不知道）谁知道，天晓得                                            ◆            God knows what else they might find.            谁知道他们还可能找到什么。                                ◆            ‘Where are they?’ ‘Goodness knows.’            “他们在哪儿？”“天晓得。”                                              HELP             Some people may find the use of            God knowsoffensive.            有人可能认为用 God knows 含冒犯意。                                    2                      used to emphasize the truth of what you are saying              （强调所言属实）老天作证，确实，的确                                            ◆            She ought to pass the exam—goodness knows she's been working hard enough.            她应该考合格，她可真够努力了。                                      I don't know how, why, etc…                              (              informal)                        used to criticize sb's behaviour              （批评某人的行为）真想不到，真不知道                                            ◆            I don't know how you can say things like that.            真想不到你怎么会说出这种话来。                                      I know        (          informal)                          1          ★                      used to agree with sb or to show sympathy              （表示同意或同情）我理解，我有同感，我知道                                            ◆            ‘What a ridiculous situation!’ ‘I know.’            “这境况真荒唐！”“的确是。”                                    2          ★                      used to introduce a new idea or suggestion              （引出新的想法或建议）我有个主意（或办法、建议）                                            ◆            I know, let's see what's on at the theatre.            我有主意了，咱们看看剧院在上演什么。                                      know sth as well as ˈI do                              used to criticize sb by saying that they should realize or understand sth              （用以批评）其实完全明白，哪会不知道，知道得很清楚                                            ◆            You know as well as I do that you're being unreasonable.            其实你完全明白你是在故意胡搅蛮缠。                                      know sb/sth ˈbackwards                              (              informal) (              especially BrE)                        to know sb/sth extremely well              对…了如指掌（或倒背如流）；把…背得滚瓜烂熟                                            ◆            She must know the play backwards by now.            她现在对这个剧本肯定是倒背如流。                                      know ˈbest                              to know what should be done, etc. better than other people              最懂得，最知道，比谁都明白（该怎么做等）                                            ◆            The doctor told you to stay in bed, and she knows best.            医生叫你卧床休息，她最清楚你该怎么做。                                      know better (than that/than to do sth)                              to be sensible enough not to do sth              明白事理（而不至于）；不至于糊涂到                                            ◆            He knows better than to judge by appearances.            他明白得很，决不会凭表面现象来判断。                                      know sb by ˈsight                              to recognize sb without knowing them well              与某人面熟                                                  know ˈdifferent/ˈotherwise                              (              informal)                        to have information or evidence that the opposite is true              所知道的不是那么回事；所掌握的情况大不一样（或大相迳庭）                                            ◆            He says he doesn't care about what the critics write, but I know different.            他说他并不在乎批评家的评论，可我知道不是那么回事。                                      know full ˈwell                              to be very aware of a fact and unable to deny or ignore it              非常清楚；不可否认；不可忽视                                            ◆            He knew full well what she thought of it.            他非常清楚她对此事的看法。                                      know sb/sth inside ˈout | know sb/sth like the back of your ˈhand                              (              informal)                        to be very familiar with sth              对…极为熟悉（或了如指掌）                                            ◆            This is where I grew up. I know this area like the back of my hand.            我在这儿长大的，我对这地方再熟悉不过了。                                      know your own ˈmind                              to have very firm ideas about what you want to do              知道自己想做什么；有主见                                                  know your ˈstuff                              (              informal)                        to know a lot about a particular subject or job              精通业务；对工作很内行                                                  know your way aˈround                              to be familiar with a place, subject, etc.              熟悉周围情况（或课题等）                                                  know what you're ˈtalking about                              (              informal)                        to have knowledge about sth from your own experience              亲身经历过；作经验之谈                                                  know which side your ˈbread is buttered                              (              informal)                        to know where you can get an advantage for yourself              知道自己的利益所在                                                  let it be known/make it known that…                              (              formal)                        to make sure that people are informed about sth, especially by getting sb else to tell them              （尤指通过他人传达而）使人知晓，让人知道                                            ◆            The President has let it be known that he does not intend to run for election again.            总统已经公开表示他不打算再次参加竞选。                                      ★        let sb ˈknow                              to tell sb about sth              让某人知道；告诉（或通知）某人                                            ◆            Let me know how I can help.            我能帮什么忙，只管说。                                      make yourself ˈknown to sb                              to introduce yourself to sb              向某人作自我介绍                                            ◆            I made myself known to the hotel manager.            我向旅馆老板作了自我介绍。                                      not know any ˈbetter                              to behave badly, usually because you have not been taught the correct way to behave              （因缺乏教养而）表现不好；因无人指教而举止不良                                                  not know your ˌarse from your ˈelbow                              (              BrE) (              taboo,              slang)                        to be very stupid or completely lacking in skill              愚蠢之至；屁都不懂                                                  not know ˈbeans about sth                              (              NAmE) (              informal)                        to know nothing about a subject              完全不懂行；对…一窍不通                                                  not know the first thing aˈbout sb/sth                              to know nothing at all about sb/sth              对…一无所知；对…一窍不通                                                  not know sb from ˈAdam                              (              informal)                        to not know at all who sb is              根本不认识某人；与某人素不相识                                                  not know what ˈhit you                              (              informal)                        to be so surprised by sth that you do not know how to react              因吃惊而不知所措；惊呆了                                                  not know where to ˈlook                              (              informal)                        to feel great embarrassment and not know how to react              尴尬得不知如何是好；狼狈不堪；感到很难堪                                                  not know whether you're ˈcoming or ˈgoing                              (              informal)                        to be so excited or confused that you cannot behave or think in a sensible way              （激动得）不知如何是好；糊里糊涂；不知所措                                                  not know you are ˈborn                              (              BrE) (              informal)                        to have an easy life without realizing how easy it is              身在福中不知福                                            ◆            You people without kids don't know you're born.            你们没孩子，真是身在福中不知福啊。                                      there's no ˈknowing                              used to say that it is impossible to say what might happen              难以预料；无从知道；没法说                                            ◆            There's no knowing how he'll react.            很难预料他会有什么样的反应。                                      what does… know?                              used to say that sb knows nothing about the subject you are talking about              （某人）知道什么，懂什么                                            ◆            What does he know about football, anyway?            不管怎么说，他懂什么足球？                                      what do you ˈknow?                              (              informal)                        used to express surprise              （表示惊奇）你看怪不怪，真没想到                                            ◆            Well, what do you know? Look who's here!            唷，真想不到！你看谁来啦！                                      ˌyou ˈknow        (          informal)                          1          ★                      used when you are thinking of what to say next              （说话人考虑接着说什么时用）                                            ◆            Well, you know, it's difficult to explain.            唉，你知道，这很难解释。                                    2          ★                      used to show that what you are referring to is known or understood by the person you are speaking to              （表示对方知道或了解所言）你知道的                                            ◆            Guess who I've just seen? Maggie! You know—Jim's wife.            你猜我刚才看见谁了，玛吉！你知道的，就是吉姆的妻子。                                ◆            You know that restaurant round the corner? It's closed down.            拐角那家餐馆，你知道吧？已经倒闭了。                                    3          ★                      used to emphasize sth that you are saying              （加强语气）你要知道                                            ◆            I'm not stupid, you know.            你要知道，我不是傻子。                                      you ˈknow something/ˈwhat?                              (              informal)                        used to introduce an interesting or surprising opinion, piece of news, etc.              （引出令人感兴趣或吃惊的看法、消息等）要我告诉你吗，你听说了吗                                            ◆            You know something? I've never really enjoyed Christmas.            要我告诉你吗？圣诞节我从未真正快乐过。                                      you know ˈwho/ˈwhat                              (              informal)                        used to refer to sb/sth without mentioning a name              （不说出名称）你知道是谁（或什么）                                                  ★        you never know                              (              informal)                        used to say that you can never be certain about what will happen in the future, especially when you are suggesting that sth good might happen              （尤指可能会发生好事）很难说，很难预料                                                  ☞more at                                    answer                                   n.            ,                                    cost                                   n.            ,                                    day                              ,                                    devil                              ,                                    far                                   adv.            ,                                    lord                                   n.            ,                                    old                              ,                                    pat                                   adv.            ,                                    rope                                   n.            ,                                    thing                              ,                                    truth                                                    noun                    IDIOM              in the ˈknow                              (              informal)                        having more information about sth than most people              知情；熟悉内幕；掌握内情                                            ◆            Somebody in the know told me he's going to resign.            有知情者告诉我他要辞职了。                                          know              /        nəʊ                ;          NAmE                noʊ                /                    knew              /        njuː                ;          NAmE                nuː                /                    known              /        nəʊn                ;          NAmE                noʊn                /             www.ankiedu.club

word	know
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Collins	know ★★★★★ /no͟ʊ/ 1 [VERB 动词]知道；知悉；了解 If you know a fact, a piece of information, or an answer, you have it correctly in your mind. [V n] [V that] [V wh] [V] [V about n/-ing] [V n to-inf] [itbe V-ed wh] [itbe V-ed that] [no cont] I don't know the name of the place... 我不知道那个地方的名字。 I know that you led a rifle platoon during the Second World War... 我知道你在二战期间率领一个步枪排。 'People like doing things for nothing.' — 'I know they do.'... “人们喜欢没事找事。”——“我知道确实是那样。” I don't know what happened to her husband... 我不知道她丈夫出了什么事。 'How did he meet your mother?' — 'I don't know.'... “他怎么认识你母亲的？”——“我不知道。” We all know about his early experiments in flying... 我们都了解他早期的飞行试验。 They looked younger than I knew them to be... 他们看起来比我所知道的实际年龄显小。 Radon is known to be harmful to humans in large quantities... 众所周知，大量的氡会对人体造成伤害。 It is not known whether the bomb was originally intended for the capital itself... 尚不清楚炸弹起初的轰炸目标是否是首都。 It's always been known that key figures in the government do very well for themselves. 众所周知政府中的要员都很会保全自己的利益。 2 [VERB 动词]熟识；认识 If you know someone, you are familiar with them because you have met them and talked to them before. [V n] [no cont] Gifford was a friend. I'd known him for nine years... 吉福德是我的一位朋友。我和他认识9年了。 Do you two know each other?... 你们俩互相认识吗？ He doesn't know anybody in London. 他在伦敦谁也不认识。 3 [VERB 动词]听说过；略有耳闻 If you say that you know of something, you mean that you have heard about it but you do not necessarily have a lot of information about it. [V of n] [no cont] We know of the incident but have no further details... 我们听说过这件事，但对详情不是很清楚。 The president admitted that he did not know of any rebels having surrendered so far... 总统承认据他所知迄今为止还没有反叛者投降。 I know of no one who would want to murder Albert. 我没听说有人想杀艾伯特。 4 [VERB 动词]了解，掌握（某一学科） If you know about a subject, you have studied it or taken an interest in it, and understand part or all of it. [V about n] [V amount about n] [no cont] Hire someone with experience, someone who knows about real estate... 雇佣有经验、了解房地产业的人。 She didn't know anything about music but she liked to sing. 虽然她对音乐一无所知，但却爱唱歌。 5 [VERB 动词]学会，掌握（语言） If you know a language, you have learned it and can understand it. [V n] [no cont] It helps to know French and Creole if you want to understand some of the lyrics... 如果你想读懂一些抒情诗，学点法语和克里奥尔语是有帮助的。 Rachel already knows as many words in German as she does in English... 雷切尔掌握的德语词汇已经和她掌握的英语词汇一样多了。 Her new classmates knew no Latin. 她的新同学不会拉丁语。 6 [VERB 动词]熟悉；了解 If you know something such as a place, a work of art, or an idea, you have visited it, seen it, read it, or heard about it, and so you are familiar with it. [V n] [no cont] No matter how well you know Paris, it is easy to get lost... 不管你对巴黎多么熟悉，也很容易迷路。 I don't know the play, I've just come to see it. 我不了解这部剧，只是来看看。 7 [VERB 动词]会；能 If you know how to do something, you have the necessary skills and knowledge to do it. [V wh-to-inf] [no cont] The health authorities now know how to deal with the disease... 卫生部门现在知道如何对付这种病了。 We know what to do to make it work. 我们知道如何让它起作用。 8 [VERB 动词]意识到；觉察到 You can say that someone knows that something is happening when they become aware of it. [V that] [V about n] [no cont] Then I saw a gun under the hall table so I knew that something was wrong... 后来我看到大厅的桌子下有一把枪，我就意识到有些不对劲儿。 The first I knew about it was when I woke up in the ambulance. 当我从救护车中苏醒过来时才知道发生了什么事。 9 [VERB 动词]认出；辨认出 If you know something or someone, you recognize them when you see them or hear them. [V n] [no cont] Would she know you if she saw you on the street?... 如果她在大街上看到你，能认出你吗？ I thought I knew the voice. 我觉得在哪里听过这声音。 10 [VERB 动词]称为；叫做 If someone or something is known as a particular name, they are called by that name. [be V-ed as n] [V n as n] [V n by n] [V-ed] [no cont] The disease is more commonly known as Mad Cow Disease... 这种疾病更通俗的名称是疯牛病。 He was born as John Birks Gillespie, but everyone knew him as Dizzy... 他本名为约翰·伯克斯·吉莱斯皮，但人人都叫他“小迷糊”。 He was the only boy in the school who was known by his Christian name and not his surname. 他是学校里唯一一个被称呼洗礼名而不是姓氏的男孩儿。 ...British Nuclear Fuels, otherwise known as BNFL. 英国核料烧股份有限公司，也称BNFL。 11 [VERB 动词]认为…是；把…看作是 If you know someone or something as a person or thing that has particular qualities, you consider that they have those qualities. [V n as n] [V n for n] Lots of people know her as a very kind woman... 很多人认为她是个非常善良的女人。 We know them as inaccurate and misleading property descriptions... 我们认为对性状的这些描述是不准确的，且会使人产生误解。 Kemp knew him for a meticulous officer. 肯普认为他是个很细心的官员。 12 [VERB 动词]（因某工作或角色）认识 If you know someone as a person with a particular job or role, you are familiar with them in that job or role, rather than in any other. [V n as n] Most of us know her as the woman who used to present the television news... 我们大多数人认识她是因为她曾主持过电视新闻节目。 The soldiers — all of whom we knew as neighbours — stood around pointing guns at us. 那些士兵——我们都视之为邻居的人——站在四周用枪指着我们。 13 See also:knowing ；known ； 14 [PHRASE 短语]现行的；我们熟悉的；我们熟知的 If you talk about a thing or system as we know it, you are referring to the form in which it exists now and which is familiar to most people. [n PHR] He planned to end the welfare system as we know it. 他计划终止现行的福利制度。 ...those values of our culture that are essential to civilisation as we know it. 我们文化中那些构成我们所熟悉的文明社会之根基的价值观 15 [PHRASE 短语]（花时间）了解 If you get to know someone, you find out what they are like by spending time with them. [get inflects] The new neighbours were getting to know each other... 新邻居之间正在互相了解。 I'd really like to see you again and get to know you better. 我很愿意再次见到你并且更多地了解你。 16 [PHRASE 短语]谁知道；天晓得 People use expressions such as goodness knows ,Heaven knows, and God knows when they do not know something and want to suggest that nobody could possibly know it. [PHR as reply] [INFORMAL 非正式] 'Who's he?' — 'God knows.' “他是谁？”——“天晓得。” Old Gunga spoke God knows how many languages... 老贡嘎会说很多种语言，天晓得有多少种。 Heaven only knows what his mother would have said. 天晓得他母亲原本会说什么。 17 [CONVENTION 惯用语]（表示同意）我理解，我有同感，我知道 You say 'I know' to show that you agree with what has just been said. 'This country is so awful.' — 'I know, I know.' “这个国家太糟糕了。”——“的确是，的确是。” 18 [CONVENTION 惯用语]（表示接受）我知道 You say 'I know' to show that you accept that something is true, but think that it is not very important or relevant. 'There are trains straight from Cambridge.' — 'I know, but it's no quicker.' “有直接从剑桥开出的列车。”——“我知道，但也不快。” 19 [PHRASE 短语]（表示同情和理解）我理解，我知道 You use 'I know' to express sympathy and understanding towards someone. [PHR wh/that] I'm sorry, George. I know how you feel... 我很遗憾，乔治。我理解你的感受。 I know what you're going through. 我知道你正在经受什么样的煎熬。 20 [PHRASE 短语]不知道，不认为（表示不完全同意或不认为是真的） You can use I don't know to indicate that you do not completely agree with something or do not really think that it is true. [usu PHR about n] 'He should quite simply resign.' — 'I don't know about that.' “他就该辞职。”——“我不知道。” I don't know that it's made the decision any easier. 我不认为这对作出决定有丝毫帮助。 21 [PHRASE 短语]我不知道你（们）怎么想（表示将表达自己想法并想知道他人的看法） You can say 'I don't know about you' to indicate that you are going to give your own opinion about something and you want to find out if someone else feels the same. [PHR but cl] I don't know about the rest of you, but I'm hungry... 我不知道你们怎么样，但我是饿了。 I don't know about you, but I've had just about enough of this. 我不知道你怎么想，但我已经受够了。 22 [PHRASE 短语]（表示批评某人的行为）真想不到，真不知道 You use I don't know in expressions which indicate criticism of someone's behaviour. For example, if you say that you do not know how someone can do something, you mean that you cannot understand or accept them doing it. [PHR wh] [disapproval] I don't know how he could do this to his own daughter... 真想不到他竟对自己的女儿这样。 I don't know how you can say that... 真想不到你竟说那话。 I don't know what those folk think they are playing at. 真不知道那些家伙在搞什么鬼。 23 [PHRASE 短语]我要是知道就好了；我根本不知道 People sometimes use expressions such as I'm blessed if I know or damned if I know to emphasize the fact that they do not know something. [oft PHR as reply] [emphasis] [INFORMAL 非正式] 'What was that all about?' — 'Damned if I know.' “那都是关于什么的？”——“我要知道就好了。” I'm damned if I know what plans he has in that direction. 我压根不知道他在那方面有什么计划。 24 [PHRASE 短语]知情；（尤指）熟悉内幕，掌握内情 If you are in the know about something, especially something that is not known about or understood by many people, you have information about it. [usu v-link PHR] It was gratifying to be in the know about important people... 了解重要人物的一些内幕真令人高兴。 He takes crucial decisions without consulting people in the know. 他没有咨询相关知情人士就作了重要的决定。 25 [CONVENTION 惯用语]（表示所说的话对方理解）你是知道的，你知道我的意思 You can use expressions such as you know what I mean and if you know what I mean to suggest that the person listening to you understands what you are trying to say, and so you do not have to explain any more. [SPOKEN 口语] None of us stayed long. I mean, the atmosphere wasn't — well, you know what I mean... 我们都没呆太久。我的意思是，气氛并不是——唔，你知道我的意思。 She was a bit stuck up, know what I mean? 她有点自命不凡，你明白我的意思吧? 26 [CONVENTION 惯用语]（指可能会发生好事）很难说，很难预料 You say 'You never know' or 'One never knows' to indicate that it is not definite or certain what will happen in the future, and to suggest that there is some hope that things will turn out well. [vagueness] You never know, I might get lucky... 很难说，我也许会交好运呢。 There might be an even bigger one — I doubt it, but you never know. 可能还有个比这还要大的——我觉得有点悬，但也很难说。 27 [CONVENTION 惯用语]据我所知没有 You say 'Not that I know of' when someone has asked you whether or not something is true and you think the answer is 'no' but you cannot be sure because you do not know all the facts. [vagueness] 'Is he married?' — 'Not that I know of.' “他结婚了吗？”——“据我所知没有。” 28 [PHRASE 短语]我怎么知道；我不知道 You can say 'How was I to know?', or in British English 'I wasn't to know', to mean that you cannot be blamed or criticized for something you did, because you did not have enough information to realize that it was wrong. [oft PHR cl] How was I to know you'd return so suddenly?... 我怎么知道你会这么突然就回来? You weren't to know — in fact, I think I'm the only person who does know. 你不会知道——实际上，我想我是唯一真正知道的人。 29 [PHRASE 短语]（某人）知道什么，懂什么（表示其没有资格评论） You can use expressions such as What does she know? and What do they know? when you think that someone has no right to comment on a situation because they do not understand it. [oft PHR about n] [disapproval] Don't listen to him, what does he know?... 别听他的，他知道什么？ I always felt his attitude was, 'What do you know about it?' 我感觉他总是那种“你懂什么？”的态度。 30 [EXCLAM 感叹语]（表示惊讶）你看怪不怪，真没想到 People sometimes say 'What do you know!' when they are very surprised about something. [feelings] [INFORMAL 非正式] Well, what do you know! 哎呀，真没想到！ 31 [CONVENTION 惯用语]（加强语气或引起注意）你要知道 You use you know to emphasize or to draw attention to what you are saying. [emphasis] [SPOKEN 口语] The conditions in there are awful, you know... 你要知道，那里的条件很艰苦。 You know, it does worry me. 你要知道，这实在让我担心。 32 [CONVENTION 惯用语]（表示不确定要说的话或考虑接着说什么）你知道 People use you know when they are uncertain about what they are saying or what they are going to say next. [SPOKEN 口语] He's generous and, you know, very nice, very polite... 他很大方而且，你知道，很友善，很有礼貌。 I thought I'd, you know, have a chat with you. 我想我应该，呃，和你谈谈。 33 [CONVENTION 惯用语]（表示进一步解释）你是知道的，你难道不知道 You use you know when you are trying to explain more clearly what you mean, by referring to something that the person you are talking to knows about. [SPOKEN 口语] Wear the white dress, you know, the one with all the black embroidery. 穿那件白裙，你知道的，上面有黑色刺绣的那件。 34 [PHRASE 短语]（加强语气）你不知道，你都想不到 You can say 'You don't know' in order to emphasize how strongly you feel about the remark you are going to make. [PHR wh] [emphasis] [SPOKEN 口语] You don't know how good it is to speak to somebody from home. 你不知道和家乡来的人说说话感觉有多好。 35 to know something backwards→see: backwards ； to know best→see: best ； to know better→see: better ； to know no bounds→see: bound ； to know what side your bread is buttered on→see: butter ； to know something for a fact→see: fact ； as far as I know→see: far ； not to know the first thing about something→see: first ； to know full well→see: full ； to let someone know→see: let ； not to know the meaning of the word→see: meaning ； to know your own mind→see: mind ； for reasons best known to oneself→see: reason ； to know the ropes→see: rope ；
Oxford	know ★ / nəʊ ; NAmE noʊ / verb , noun know knows knew knowing known verb ★ ( knew / njuː ; NAmE nuː / known / nəʊn ; NAmE noʊn / ) ( not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时 ) have information 知悉 1 ★ [transitive , intransitive ] to have information in your mind as a result of experience or because you have learned or been told it 知道；知悉；了解 knowsth ◆ Do you know his address? 你知道他的地址吗？ ◆ The cause of the fire is not yet known. 火灾的原因尚不清楚。 ◆ All I knowis that she used to work in a bank (= I have no other information about her). 我只知道她曾在银行工作过。 know(that)… ◆ I know (that) people's handwriting changes as they get older. 我知道人们的笔迹随着年龄的增长而变化。 it is known that… ◆ It is widely known that CFCs can damage the ozone layer. 众所周知氯氟烃会破坏臭氧层。 knowwhere, what, etc… ◆ I knew where he was hiding. 我知道他藏在哪里。 ◆ I didn't know what he was talking about. 我不知道他在谈什么。 know(of/about sth) ◆ ‘You've got a flat tyre.’ ‘I know.’ “你的车胎瘪了。”“我知道。” ◆ ‘What's the answer?’ ‘I don't know.’ “答案是什么？”“我不知道。” ◆ ‘There's no one in.’ ‘ How do you know?’ “一个人都没有。”“你怎么知道呢？” ◆ You know about Amanda's baby, don't you? 你知道阿曼达的小宝宝吧？ ◆ I don't know about you, butI'm ready for something to eat. 不管你怎么样，反正我要吃点东西。 ◆ I know ofat least two people who did the same thing. 我知道至少有两人干过同样的事。 ◆ ‘Is anyone else coming?’ ‘ Not that I know of.’ “还有别的人要来吗？”“据我所知没有了。” ◆ ‘Isn't that his car?’ ‘ I wouldn't know./How should I know?’ (= I don't know and I am not the person you should ask.) “那不是他的汽车吗？”“我怎么会知道呢？” ◆ ( informal) ‘What are you two whispering about?’ ‘ You don't want to know.’ (= because you would be shocked or wouldn't approve). “你们俩在说什么悄悄话？”“你还是不知道的好。” knowto do sth ◆ Does he know to come here (= that he should come here)first? 他知道要先到这儿来吗？ knowsb/sth to be/do sth ◆ We know her to be honest. 我们知道她很诚实。 ◆ Two women are known to have died. 据悉两名妇女死了。 ☞see also need-to-know realize 意识到 2 ★ [transitive , intransitive ] to realize, understand or be aware of sth 认识到；懂得；意识到 know(that)… ◆ As soon as I walked in the room I knew (that) something was wrong. 我刚走进屋就意识到出了事。 ◆ She knew she was dying. 她知道自己快死了。 knowwhat, how, etc… ◆ I knew perfectly well what she meant. 我完全懂她的意思。 ◆ I know exactly how you feel. 我非常清楚你的感受。 know(sth) ◆ This case is hopeless and he knows it (= although he will not admit it). 这个案子毫无希望，这一点他是清楚的。 ◆ ‘Martin was lying all the time.’ ‘ I should have known.’ “马丁一直在撒谎。”“我本该察觉到的。” feel certain 确信 3 ★ [transitive , intransitive ] to feel certain about sth 确信；确知；肯定 know(that)… ◆ He knew (that) he could trust her. 他确信她是可以信赖的。 ◆ I know it's here somewhere! 我肯定它在这儿某个地方！ ◆ I don't know that I can finish it by next week. 我没有把握能在下周完成。 know(sth) ◆ ‘You were right—someone's been spreading rumours about you.’ ‘I knew it!’ “你说得对，有人一直在散布你的谣言。”“我早就知道！” ◆ ‘She's the worst player in the team.’ ‘Oh, I don't know (= I am not sure that I agree)—she played well yesterday.’ “她是最糟的队员。”“哦，是吗？她昨天表现可不错。” ☞see also don't-know be familiar 熟悉 4 ★ [transitive ] knowsb/sth to be familiar with a person, place, thing, etc. 熟悉；认识；了解 ◆ I've known David for 20 years. 我认识戴维已有 20 年了。 ◆ Do you two know each other (= have you met before)? 你们俩认识吗？ ◆ She's very nice when you get to knowher. 你了解她以后就会觉得她非常可爱。 ◆ Knowing Ben,we could be waiting a long time (= it is typical of him to be late). 本这个人我们了解，能叫我们等很长时间。 ◆ This man is known to the police (= as a criminal). 这男人是在警方挂了号的。 ◆ I know Paris well. 我很熟悉巴黎。 ◆ Do you know the play (= have you seen or read it before)? 你知道这出戏吗？ ◆ The new rules could mean the end of football as we know it (= in the form that we are familiar with). 这些新规则可能意味着我们熟悉的足球终结了。 reputation 名声 5 ★ [transitive , usually passive ] to think that sb/sth is a particular type of person or thing or has particular characteristics 把…看作是；认为…是 knowsb/sth as sth ◆ It's known as the most dangerous part of the city. 人们都认为那是市内最危险的地段。 knowsb/sth for sth ◆ She is best known for her work on the human brain. 她在对人脑的研究方面最为知名。 knowsb/sth to be/do sth ◆ He's known to be an outstanding physicist. 他被公认为杰出的物理学家。 give name 命名 6 ★ [transitive ] knowsb/sth as sth [usually passive ] to give sb/sth a particular name or title 将…称为；把…叫做 ◆ The drug is commonly known as Ecstasy. 这种致幻药通常称作摇头丸。 ◆ Peter Wilson, also known as ‘the Tiger’ 彼得 · 威尔逊，也称“老虎”。 recognize 认出 7 ★ [transitive ] knowsb/sth to be able to recognize sb/sth 能认出；能辨认出 ◆ I couldn't see who was speaking, but I knew the voice. 我看不到谁在讲话，但我能辨认出声音。 ◆ She knows a bargain when she sees one. 她一看就知道有没有便宜可捡。 ☞synonyms at identify distinguish 区分 8 [transitive ] knowsb/sth from sb/sth to be able to distinguish one person or thing from another 能区分；能分辨 SYN differentiate ◆ I hope we have taught our children to know right from wrong. 我希望我们教给了孩子分辨是非的能力。 skill/language 技能；语言 9 ★ [transitive ] to have learned a skill or language and be able to use it 学会；掌握 knowsth ◆ Do you know any Japanese? 你会日语吗？ knowhow, what, etc… ◆ Do you know how to use spreadsheets? 你知道电子数据表的使用方法吗？ experience 经历 10 [transitive ] ( only used in the perfect tenses 仅用于完成时 ) to have seen, heard or experienced sth 看到过；听到过；经历过 knowsb/sth (to) do sth ◆ I've never known it (to) snow in July before. 我以前从未见到过七月份下雪。 be known to do sth ◆ He has been known to spend all morning in the bathroom. 听说他整个上午都待在浴室里。 11 [transitive ] knowsth to have personal experience of sth 亲身体验；亲身经历 ◆ He has known both poverty and wealth. 他贫富生活都亲身经历过。 ◆ She may be successful now, but she has known what it is like to bepoor. 她现在算是成功了，但她尝过贫穷的滋味。 IDIOMS before you know where you ˈare very quickly or suddenly 瞬息之间；转眼间；一下子 ◆ We were whisked off in a taxi before we knew where we were. 还没等我们弄清怎么回事，出租车就一阵风似地把我们带走了。 be not to ˈknow to have no way of realizing or being aware that you have done sth wrong 无从知道，并不知道（做错了事） ◆ ‘I'm sorry, I called when you were in bed.’ ‘Don't worry—you weren't to know.’ “对不起，你睡觉时打电话打扰你了。”“别在意，你不是故意的嘛。” for all you, I, they, etc. know ( informal) used to emphasize that you do not know sth and that it is not important to you （强调不知道对自己无关紧要的事）不知道，说不定，亦未可知 ◆ She could be dead for all I know. 她说不定已经死了。 God/goodness/Heaven knows ( informal) 1 ★ used to emphasize that you do not know sth （强调不知道）谁知道，天晓得 ◆ God knows what else they might find. 谁知道他们还可能找到什么。 ◆ ‘Where are they?’ ‘Goodness knows.’ “他们在哪儿？”“天晓得。” HELP Some people may find the use of God knowsoffensive. 有人可能认为用 God knows 含冒犯意。 2 used to emphasize the truth of what you are saying （强调所言属实）老天作证，确实，的确 ◆ She ought to pass the exam—goodness knows she's been working hard enough. 她应该考合格，她可真够努力了。 I don't know how, why, etc… ( informal) used to criticize sb's behaviour （批评某人的行为）真想不到，真不知道 ◆ I don't know how you can say things like that. 真想不到你怎么会说出这种话来。 I know ( informal) 1 ★ used to agree with sb or to show sympathy （表示同意或同情）我理解，我有同感，我知道 ◆ ‘What a ridiculous situation!’ ‘I know.’ “这境况真荒唐！”“的确是。” 2 ★ used to introduce a new idea or suggestion （引出新的想法或建议）我有个主意（或办法、建议） ◆ I know, let's see what's on at the theatre. 我有主意了，咱们看看剧院在上演什么。 know sth as well as ˈI do used to criticize sb by saying that they should realize or understand sth （用以批评）其实完全明白，哪会不知道，知道得很清楚 ◆ You know as well as I do that you're being unreasonable. 其实你完全明白你是在故意胡搅蛮缠。 know sb/sth ˈbackwards ( informal) ( especially BrE) to know sb/sth extremely well 对…了如指掌（或倒背如流）；把…背得滚瓜烂熟 ◆ She must know the play backwards by now. 她现在对这个剧本肯定是倒背如流。 know ˈbest to know what should be done, etc. better than other people 最懂得，最知道，比谁都明白（该怎么做等） ◆ The doctor told you to stay in bed, and she knows best. 医生叫你卧床休息，她最清楚你该怎么做。 know better (than that/than to do sth) to be sensible enough not to do sth 明白事理（而不至于）；不至于糊涂到 ◆ He knows better than to judge by appearances. 他明白得很，决不会凭表面现象来判断。 know sb by ˈsight to recognize sb without knowing them well 与某人面熟 know ˈdifferent/ˈotherwise ( informal) to have information or evidence that the opposite is true 所知道的不是那么回事；所掌握的情况大不一样（或大相迳庭） ◆ He says he doesn't care about what the critics write, but I know different. 他说他并不在乎批评家的评论，可我知道不是那么回事。 know full ˈwell to be very aware of a fact and unable to deny or ignore it 非常清楚；不可否认；不可忽视 ◆ He knew full well what she thought of it. 他非常清楚她对此事的看法。 know sb/sth inside ˈout \| know sb/sth like the back of your ˈhand ( informal) to be very familiar with sth 对…极为熟悉（或了如指掌） ◆ This is where I grew up. I know this area like the back of my hand. 我在这儿长大的，我对这地方再熟悉不过了。 know your own ˈmind to have very firm ideas about what you want to do 知道自己想做什么；有主见 know your ˈstuff ( informal) to know a lot about a particular subject or job 精通业务；对工作很内行 know your way aˈround to be familiar with a place, subject, etc. 熟悉周围情况（或课题等） know what you're ˈtalking about ( informal) to have knowledge about sth from your own experience 亲身经历过；作经验之谈 know which side your ˈbread is buttered ( informal) to know where you can get an advantage for yourself 知道自己的利益所在 let it be known/make it known that… ( formal) to make sure that people are informed about sth, especially by getting sb else to tell them （尤指通过他人传达而）使人知晓，让人知道 ◆ The President has let it be known that he does not intend to run for election again. 总统已经公开表示他不打算再次参加竞选。 ★ let sb ˈknow to tell sb about sth 让某人知道；告诉（或通知）某人 ◆ Let me know how I can help. 我能帮什么忙，只管说。 make yourself ˈknown to sb to introduce yourself to sb 向某人作自我介绍 ◆ I made myself known to the hotel manager. 我向旅馆老板作了自我介绍。 not know any ˈbetter to behave badly, usually because you have not been taught the correct way to behave （因缺乏教养而）表现不好；因无人指教而举止不良 not know your ˌarse from your ˈelbow ( BrE) ( taboo, slang) to be very stupid or completely lacking in skill 愚蠢之至；屁都不懂 not know ˈbeans about sth ( NAmE) ( informal) to know nothing about a subject 完全不懂行；对…一窍不通 not know the first thing aˈbout sb/sth to know nothing at all about sb/sth 对…一无所知；对…一窍不通 not know sb from ˈAdam ( informal) to not know at all who sb is 根本不认识某人；与某人素不相识 not know what ˈhit you ( informal) to be so surprised by sth that you do not know how to react 因吃惊而不知所措；惊呆了 not know where to ˈlook ( informal) to feel great embarrassment and not know how to react 尴尬得不知如何是好；狼狈不堪；感到很难堪 not know whether you're ˈcoming or ˈgoing ( informal) to be so excited or confused that you cannot behave or think in a sensible way （激动得）不知如何是好；糊里糊涂；不知所措 not know you are ˈborn ( BrE) ( informal) to have an easy life without realizing how easy it is 身在福中不知福 ◆ You people without kids don't know you're born. 你们没孩子，真是身在福中不知福啊。 there's no ˈknowing used to say that it is impossible to say what might happen 难以预料；无从知道；没法说 ◆ There's no knowing how he'll react. 很难预料他会有什么样的反应。 what does… know? used to say that sb knows nothing about the subject you are talking about （某人）知道什么，懂什么 ◆ What does he know about football, anyway? 不管怎么说，他懂什么足球？ what do you ˈknow? ( informal) used to express surprise （表示惊奇）你看怪不怪，真没想到 ◆ Well, what do you know? Look who's here! 唷，真想不到！你看谁来啦！ ˌyou ˈknow ( informal) 1 ★ used when you are thinking of what to say next （说话人考虑接着说什么时用） ◆ Well, you know, it's difficult to explain. 唉，你知道，这很难解释。 2 ★ used to show that what you are referring to is known or understood by the person you are speaking to （表示对方知道或了解所言）你知道的 ◆ Guess who I've just seen? Maggie! You know—Jim's wife. 你猜我刚才看见谁了，玛吉！你知道的，就是吉姆的妻子。 ◆ You know that restaurant round the corner? It's closed down. 拐角那家餐馆，你知道吧？已经倒闭了。 3 ★ used to emphasize sth that you are saying （加强语气）你要知道 ◆ I'm not stupid, you know. 你要知道，我不是傻子。 you ˈknow something/ˈwhat? ( informal) used to introduce an interesting or surprising opinion, piece of news, etc. （引出令人感兴趣或吃惊的看法、消息等）要我告诉你吗，你听说了吗 ◆ You know something? I've never really enjoyed Christmas. 要我告诉你吗？圣诞节我从未真正快乐过。 you know ˈwho/ˈwhat ( informal) used to refer to sb/sth without mentioning a name （不说出名称）你知道是谁（或什么） ★ you never know ( informal) used to say that you can never be certain about what will happen in the future, especially when you are suggesting that sth good might happen （尤指可能会发生好事）很难说，很难预料 ☞more at answer n. , cost n. , day , devil , far adv. , lord n. , old , pat adv. , rope n. , thing , truth noun IDIOM in the ˈknow ( informal) having more information about sth than most people 知情；熟悉内幕；掌握内情 ◆ Somebody in the know told me he's going to resign. 有知情者告诉我他要辞职了。 know / nəʊ ; NAmE noʊ / knew / njuː ; NAmE nuː / known / nəʊn ; NAmE noʊn /
LDC	know1 verb know2 noun knowknow1 /nəʊ $ noʊ/ ●●● S1 W1 verb (past tense knew /njuː $ nuː/, past participle known /nəʊn $ noʊn/) Entry menu Word Origin Verb Table Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases Word family 1have information [intransitive, transitive] to have information about something: Who knows the answer? There are instructions telling you everything you need to know. Didn’t you know that?know what/how/where etc Do you know what time it is? I don’t know where to go.know (something/nothing etc) about something I need to know more about the job before I decide whether to apply for it. Little is known about the author’s childhood. I know all about David and what he’s been up to!know (something/nothing etc) of something I wonder if he knew of the plan? Do you know of any good restaurants in the area? You know nothing of this business.know (that) We know that greenhouse gases can affect the climate. Let me know (=tell me) what time you’re planning to arrive. I thought you’d want to know immediately. If you must know, I was with James last night (=used when you are angry because someone wants to know something).without somebody/somebody’s knowing He slipped out of the house without his parents knowing (=secretly). How did he know (=how did he find information about) our names?as you/we know ‘I’m divorced, as you know,’ she said briefly.be known to do something Smoking is known to increase a person’s risk of developing lung cancer.GRAMMARIn more formal English, you say it is known that or it is known who/why/what etc: · It is known that the drug causes infertility.· It is not known how many people were killed.2be sure [intransitive, transitive] to be sure about something: ‘Are you seeing Jim tomorrow?’ ‘I don’t know yet.’know (that) I know I won’t get the job. Ruth knew that she couldn’t continue in the relationship for much longer.know what/why/how etc I know exactly what you need!know if/whether The boy stared at him uncertainly, not knowing whether to believe him. I don’t know if I’ll be able to come.knowing (that) She forced herself to go out, knowing that she would feel more depressed if she stayed at home. How do you know (=what makes you sure) he won’t do it again?know somebody/something to be something It’s a story that I know to be true. I think he’s still living in Chicago, but I don’t know for sure. As far as I know, they’re arriving on Saturday (=used when you think something is true but are not sure). I doubt I’ll win, but you never know (=used when you cannot be sure about something, but something good might happen).► see thesaurus at sure 3be familiar with somebody/something [transitive] to be familiar with a person, place etc: I’ve known her for twenty years. Are you really thinking of leaving Kevin for a guy you barely know? Do you know the nightclub on the corner of Maine Street? I don’t know him very well. We’re still getting to know each other really.know somebody from something I know her from school.know somebody as something Many people knew him as a local businessman. Hepburn is best known for (=people are most likely to be familiar with) her roles in classic films such as ‘My Fair Lady’. The museum outlines the development of the city as we know it today. Does he know the way to your house (=know how to get there)? I grew up here; I know the place like the back of my hand (=I know it very well). I only know her by sight (=I often see her but have not really spoken to her). She didn’t know me from Adam (=she did not know me at all), but she was really helpful.knowing somebody/if I know somebody (=used to say that you expect someone to behave in a particular way because you know them well) Knowing Sumi, my note’s probably still in her pocket. He’ll be chatting up the women, if I know Ron!4realize [intransitive, transitive] to realize, find out about, or understand something: She knew the risks involved. Hardly knowing what he was doing, Nick pulled out a cigarette.know (that) Suddenly she knew that something was terribly wrong.know how/what/why etc I didn’t know how difficult it would be.know to do something She knows not to tell anyone.(do you) know what I mean? (=used to ask if someone understands or has the same feeling as you) It’s nice to have a change sometimes. Know what I mean?if you know what I mean Sometimes it’s better not to ask too many questions, if you know what I mean. ‘I just felt so tired.’ ‘Yeah, I know what you mean.’ (=I understand, because I have had the same experience) I should have known it wouldn’t be easy. I might have known (=I am annoyed but not surprised) you would take that attitude.know exactly/precisely I know exactly how you feel.know perfectly well/full well/only too well He knew full well that what he was doing was dangerous.somebody will never know/no one will ever know Just take it. No one will ever know. ‘That’s not what I mean, and you know it,’ he protested.if I had known/if I’d have known I wouldn’t have come if I’d known you were so busy. Little did she know (=she did not know) that years later she would have her own pool and luxury apartment in Florida. She knew nothing of what had happened earlier that day.5skill/experience [transitive] to have learned a lot about something or be skilful and experienced at doing something: I don’t know enough history to make a comparison. I taught him everything he knows. I know some French.know how to do something Do you know how to change a fuse?know about I have a friend who knows about antiques. Bessie knew nothing about football. Politicians know all about the power of language. I don’t know the first thing about (=I know nothing about) looking after children. I don’t really know what I’m doing (=I do not have enough skill and experience to deal with something) when it comes to cars. The staff are dedicated people who clearly know what they are talking about. She knew from experience that exams made her very nervous.know your job/subject/stuff (=be good at and know all you should about a job or subject) a decent manager who knows the ropes (=has a lot of experience) My cousin knows a thing or two (=knows a lot) about golf.know a song/tune/poem etc (=be able to sing a song, play a tune, say a poem etc because you have learned it) Do you know all the words to ‘As Time Goes By’?6know somebody’s qualities [transitive] to think that someone has particular qualitiesknow somebody as something I knew him as a hard-working, modest, and honest politician.know somebody for something In fact, I knew her for a tough-minded young woman.7know better a)to be wise or experienced enough not to do something: It’s just prejudice from educated people who should know better. Eva knew better than to interrupt one of Mark’s jokes. b)to know or think you know more than someone else: Everyone thought it was an accident. Only Dan knew better.8not know any better used to say that someone does something bad or stupid because they have not been told or taught that it is wrong: Drugs are being sold to children who don’t know any better.9know something inside out (also know something backwards British English, know something backwards and forwards American English) to be very familiar with something, especially because you have learned about it or because you have a lot of experience: Erikson knows the game inside out.10know your way around something a)to be so familiar with something that you are confident and good at using it: She knows her way around a wine list. b)to be familiar with a place so that you know where things are: I don’t know my way around the city yet.11make yourself known (to somebody) formal to introduce yourself to someone: After she had gone, Paul made himself known to Dr Heatherton.12recognize [transitive] to be able to recognize someone or something: Honestly, it had been so long, I hardly knew her.know somebody/something by something He looked very different, but I knew him by his voice.► see thesaurus at recognize 13know somebody/something as something to have a particular name: The main street between the castle and the palace is known as ‘the Royal Mile’. Nitrous oxide is commonly known as laughing gas.14know something from something to understand the difference between one thing and another: Lloyd doesn’t even know his right from his left. At what age do children start to know right from wrong?15experience [transitive] to have experience of a particular feeling or situation: I don’t think he ever knew true happiness.know about I know all about being poor. I’ve never known (=have never experienced) this to happen in all the time I’ve worked here. I’ve never known him to shout (=he never shouts).16somebody/something is not known to be something or somebody/something has never been known to do something used to say there is no information that someone or something has particular qualities: This species is not known to be vicious.17I’ve known somebody/something to do something or somebody/something has been known to do something used to say that someone does something sometimes or that something happens sometimes, even if it is unusual: People have been known to drive 500 miles just to visit the shop. This type of fish has been known to live for 10 years or more.SPOKEN PHRASES18you know a)used to emphasize a statement: There’s no excuse, you know. b)used to make sure that someone understands what you are saying: I felt very upset, you know? c)used when you want to keep someone’s attention, but cannot think of what to say next: Well, you know, we’ve got a job to do here. d)used when you are explaining or describing something and want to give more information: That flower in the garden – you know, the purple one – what is it?19you know/do you know used to start talking about something, or make someone listen: You know, I sometimes feel I don’t know him at all. Do you know, when I went out this morning that man was still there.(do) you know what/something? You know what? I think he’s lonely.20I know a)used to agree with someone or to say that you feel the same way: ‘We have to talk about it, Rob.’ ‘Yeah, I know.’ b)used to say that you have suddenly had an idea, thought of a solution to a problem etc: I know! Let’s go out for a meal on your birthday. c)used to stop someone from interrupting because they have an opinion about what you are saying: It sounds silly, I know, but I will explain. I know, I know, I should have had the car checked out before now.21I don’t know a)used to say that you do not have the answer to a question: ‘When did they arrive?’ ‘I don’t know.’ b)used when you are not sure about something: ‘How old do you think he is?’ ‘Oh, I don’t know – sixty, seventy?’know what/how/whether etc I don’t know whether to call him.I don’t know that I don’t know that you need a passport for travelling within the EU. c)used to show that you disagree slightly with what has just been said: ‘I couldn’t live there.’ ‘Oh, I don’t know. It might not be so bad.’ d) British English used to show that you are slightly annoyed: Oh, I don’t know! You’re hopeless!22I don’t know how/why etc used to criticize someone: I don’t know how people could keep an animal in those conditions.23I don’t know about you, but ... used to give your opinion, decision, or suggestion when you are not sure that the person you are talking to will feel the same way: I don’t know about you, but I’ll be glad when Christmas is over.24I don’t know how to thank you/repay you used to thank someone25wouldn’t you know (it) used to say that something is not at all surprising: I was told in no uncertain terms that Helen, wouldn’t you know it, didn’t approve.26you don’t know used to emphasize how strong your feelings are: You don’t know how much I missed him.27I wouldn’t know used to say that you do not know the answer to something and that you are not the person who would know28what does somebody know? used to say angrily that someone’s opinion is wrong or that it is not important: What does she know about relationships?29how should I know?/how am I to know?/how do I know? used to say that it is not reasonable to expect that you should know something: ‘When will they be back?’ ‘How should I know?’30how was I to know?/how did I know? used as an excuse when something bad has happened: How was I to know that the file was confidential?31be not to know British English used to say that you do not mind that someone has made a mistake because they could not have avoided it: ‘Sorry, I didn’t realize you had guests.’ ‘That’s all right – you weren’t to know.’32I ought to know used to emphasize that you know about something because you made it, experienced it etc: ‘Are you sure there’s no sugar in this coffee?’ ‘Of course. I ought to know – I made it!’33for all I know used to emphasize that you do not know something and say that it is not important to you: I don’t know where she is. She could have been kidnapped for all I know.34not that I know of used to say that you think the answer is ‘no’ but there may be facts that you do not know about: ‘Did he call earlier?’ ‘Not that I know of.’35Heaven/God/who/goodness knows! a)used to say that you do not know the answer to a question: ‘Where do you think he’s disappeared to this time?’ ‘God knows!’ Goodness knows why she didn’t go herself. b)used to emphasize a statement: Goodness knows, I’ve never liked the woman, but I didn’t know how bad it would be to work with her.36knowing my luck used to say that you expect something bad will happen because you are usually unlucky: Knowing my luck, the train will be late.37(well,) what do you know? used to express surprise: Well, what do you know? Look who’s here!38if you know what’s good for you used to tell someone that they should do something, or something bad will happen: You’ll keep your mouth shut about this if you know what’s good for you!39you know who/what used to talk about someone or something without mentioning their name: I saw you know who yesterday.40there’s no knowing it is impossible to know: There was no knowing who might have read the letter.41let it be known/make it known (that) formal to make sure that people know something, especially by getting someone else to tell them: Farrar let it be known that he saw nothing wrong with the proposed solutions.42not want to know British English informal to not be interested in someone and what they want to say: She’d approached several model agencies but they just didn’t want to know.43know the score informal to understand a situation and all the good and bad features about it: I knew the score before I started the job.44not know what hit you informal to feel shocked and confused because something happens when you are not expecting it to: Poor man – I don’t think he knew what hit him.45know your place used to say that someone understands that they are less important than other people – usually used humorously: I know my place. I’ll get back to the kitchen!46know no bounds formal if a feeling or quality knows no bounds, it is not limited in any way: His enthusiasm knew no bounds.47somebody knows best used to say that someone should be obeyed or that their way of doing things should be accepted because they are experienced: She always thinks she knows best. I have always hated the attitude that ‘the doctor knows best’.48before you know it used to say that something happens very quickly and when you are not expecting it: You’ll be home before you know it.49know different/otherwise informal to know that the opposite of something is true: He told people he didn’t care about her, but deep down he knew different.50know your own mind to be confident and have firm ideas about what you want and like51you will be delighted/pleased etc to know (that) formal used before you give someone information that they will be pleased to hear: You will be pleased to know that we have accepted your offer.52it’s ... , Jim, but not as we know it informal humorous used to say that something is completely different from what we would normally expect something of its type to be: It’s the blues, Jim, but not as we know it. → the next thing I/she etc knew at next1(6) GRAMMAR: Using the progressive• Know is not used in the progressive. You say: · I know who that is.· Do you know this song? ✗Don’t say: I’m knowing who that is. \| Are you knowing this song?• However, the participle knowing is sometimes used: · Knowing she would appreciate it, I offered to help.Grammar guide ‒ VERBS know1 verb know2 noun knowknow2 noun Thesaurus Collocations Phrases in the know informal having more information about something than most people: People in the know say that interest rates will have to rise again soon.
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I Knew I Don’t Sth Informal People [V