In addition to the uses shown below, against is used in phrasal verbs such as ‘come up against’, ‘guard against’, and ‘hold against’.
除下列用法外，against还可用于come up against, guard against, hold against等短语动词中。
1
[PREP 介词]紧靠；倚；碰 If one thing is leaning or pressing against another, it is touching it.
She leaned against him...
她紧靠着他。
On a table pushed against a wall there were bottles of beer and wine.
在一张靠墙的餐桌上有啤酒和葡萄酒。
...the rain beating against the window panes.
雨敲打着窗玻璃
2
[PREP 介词]反对（计划、政策、制度等） If you are against something such as a plan, policy, or system, you think it is wrong, bad, or stupid.
[n ADV]
Taxes are unpopular — it is understandable that voters are against them...
税收不受欢迎——选民们反对是可以理解的。
Joan was very much against commencing drug treatment.
琼极力反对进行药物治疗。
...a march to protest against job losses.
反对失业的游行
Against is also an adverb.
The vote for the suspension of the party was 283 in favour with 29 against.
关于暂时取缔该党的投票结果为283票赞成，29票反对。
3
[PREP 介词]与…竞争；与…对阵 If you compete against someone in a game, you try to beat them.
The tour will include games against the Australian Barbarians...
这次巡回赛将包括和澳大利亚野人队的比赛。
Billy Hardy has pulled out of his second fight against Noel Carroll after a training accident.
一次训练事故之后，比利·哈迪退出了和诺埃尔·卡罗尔的第二次比赛。
4
[PREP 介词]反对；对抗 If you take action against someone or something, you try to harm them.
Security forces are still using violence against opponents of the government.
安全部队仍然在使用武力镇压反对政府的人。
...an upsurge in racism against immigrants...
对移民的种族歧视的高涨
The demonstration itself was against the Government's new Community Charge.
游行本身反对的是政府新出台的“人头税”。
5
[PREP 介词]制止；预防；阻止 If you take action against a possible future event, you try to prevent it.
...the fight against crime...
打击犯罪
They are arguing against hospital closures...
他们据理反对关闭医院。
I must warn you against raising your hopes.
我必须警告你不要期望过高。
6
[PREP 介词]违背，违抗（愿望、劝告或命令） If you do something against someone's wishes, advice, or orders, you do not do what they want you to do or tell you to do.
He didn't want to go against the wishes of the German government...
他不想违抗德国政府的意愿。
He discharged himself from hospital against the advice of doctors.
他不顾医生的劝告自行出院了。
7
[PREP 介词]防备 If you do something in order to protect yourself against something unpleasant or harmful, you do something which will make its effects on you less serious if it happens.
A business needs insurance against risks such as fire and flood...
公司需要上保险以防备火灾、洪灾等风险。
It has been claimed that wine helps protect against heart disease.
有人声称葡萄酒有助于预防心脏病。
8
[PHRASE 短语]不喜欢；对…存有芥蒂 If you have something against someone or something, you dislike them.
[V inflects]
Have you got something against women, Les?...
你对女性存有芥蒂吗，莱斯？
I have nothing against foreigners.
我对外国人并无芥蒂。
9
[PREP 介词]违反（法律或规则） If something is against the law or against the rules, there is a law or a rule which says that you must not do it.
It is against the law to detain you against your will for any length of time...
无论强制扣押多长时间都属违法。
We thought cheating was against the rules.
我们认为作弊是违反规定的。
10
[PREP 介词]迎着；逆着 If you are moving against a current, tide, or wind, you are moving in the opposite direction to it.
...swimming upstream against the current...
逆流往上游泳
They were going to sail around the little island, against the tide.
他们打算绕着小岛逆潮航行。
11
[PREP 介词]以…为背景 If something happens or is considered against a particular background of events, it is considered in relation to those events, because those events are relevant to it.
The Pope has sent a message appealing for unity in his homeland, against a background of divisions in the Solidarity movement...
团结运动中各派搞分裂，在此情况下教皇发出号召，呼吁祖国保持团结。
The profits rise was achieved against a backdrop of falling metal prices.
在金属价格下跌的背景下，利润提高了。
12
[PREP 介词]和…对比；对照 If something is measured or valued against something else, it is measured or valued by comparing it with the other thing.
Our policy has to be judged against a clear test: will it improve the standard of education?...
对我们的政策作出评判必须根据一条明确的准则：它是否会提高教育的水准？
Check the operator's productivity against agreed targets...
根据既定目标检验操作员的效率。
The US dollar is down against most foreign currencies today.
今天美元对大多数外汇的比价都有所下降。
13
[PHRASE 短语]与…相对；与…比较 If you discuss a particular set of facts or figures as against another set, you are comparing or contrasting the two sets of facts or figures.
Over 50% of divorced men regretted their divorce, as against 25% of women.
离婚男性中有50%以上后悔离婚，与此相对，女性只有25%。
14
[PREP 介词]不利于 The odds against something happening are the chances or odds that it will not happen.
[n PREP]
The odds against him surviving are incredible.
他活下来的概率非常小。
Against is also an adverb.
What were the odds against?
不利情况有哪些呢？
15
up against→see:
up
； against the clock→see:
clock
；
Oxford
against★/əˈɡenst; NAmEəˈɡenst//əˈɡeɪnst; NAmEəˈɡeɪnst/prepositionHELPFor the special uses of againstin phrasal verbs, look at the entries for the verbs. For example count against sbis in the phrasal verb section at count.*against 在短语动词中的特殊用法见有关动词词条。如 count against sb 在词条 count 的短语动词部份。 1★opposing or disagreeing with sb/sth 反对；与…相反；逆；违反◆the fight against terrorism反对恐怖主义的斗争◆We're playing against the league champions next week.下周我们要和联赛冠军队比赛。◆We were rowing against the current.我们划船逆流而上。◆That's against the law.那是违法的。◆She was forced to marry against her will.她被迫违背自己的心愿嫁了人。◆Are you for or against the death penalty?你赞成还是反对死刑？◆She is against seeing (= does not want to see)him. 她不想见他。◆I'd advise you against doing that.我劝你别做那事。2★not to the advantage or favour of sb/sth 对…不利◆The evidence is against him.证据对他不利。◆Her age is against her.她的年龄对她不利。☞compare
for
prep. (7 )3close to, touching or hitting sb/sth 紧靠；倚；碰；撞◆Put the piano there, against the wall.把钢琴放在那儿，紧靠着墙。◆The rain beat against the windows.雨点击打着窗户。4in order to prevent sth from happening or to reduce the damage caused by sth 以防◆an injection against rabies狂犬病预防注射◆They took precautions against fire.他们采取了防火措施。◆Are we insured against theft?我们保了盗窃险没有？5with sth in the background, as a contrast 以…为背景；衬托◆His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼。◆( figurative) The love story unfolds against a background of civil war.这爱情故事以内战为背景展开。6used when you are comparing two things 和…相比◆You must weigh the benefits against the cost.你一定要权衡利益与成本二者的得失。◆Check your receipts against the statement.核对你的收据与结算单是否相符。◆What's the rate of exchange against the dollar?美元的兑换率是多少？IDIOMsee
1a)used to say that someone opposes or disagrees with something: Every council member voted against the proposal. those who are campaigning against the new road He advised me against travelling. Mr Howard has declared that he is against all forms of racism. the fight against terrorismb)used to say that an action is not wanted or approved of by someone: They got married against her parents’ wishes (=although they knew her parents did not want them to). She has been kept in the house against her will (=she does not want to stay in the house). The use of certain drugs is against the law (=illegal). It’s against my principles to borrow money (=I do not believe it is right).c)used to say that something is not allowed by a law or rule: There ought to be a law against it.2used to say who someone is competing with or trying to defeat in a game, battle etc: Gambotti was injured in last Saturday’s game against the Lions. We’ll be competing against the best companies in Europe.3used to say who is harmed, threatened, or given a disadvantage: violence against elderly people crimes against humanity discrimination against women There had been death threats against prison staff. Your lack of experience could count against you. The regulations tend to work against smaller companies.4used to say that something touches, hits, or rubs a surface: the sound of the rain drumming against my window The car skidded and we could hear the crunch of metal against metal.5next to and touching an upright surface, especially for support: There was a ladder propped up against the wall. The younger policeman was leaning against the bureau with his arms folded.6in the opposite direction to the movement or flow of somethingOPP with: sailing against the wind She dived down and swam out strongly against the current.7seen with something else behind or as a background: He could see a line of figures silhouetted against the sky. It is important to know what colours look good against your skin.8used to show that you are considering particular events in relation to other events that are happening at the same time: The reforms were introduced against a background of social unrest.9used to say what you are comparing something with: The pound has fallen 10% against the dollar. She checked the contents of the box against the list. The cost of the proposed research needs to be balanced against its benefits.10used to say who or what you are trying to protect someone or something from: insurance against accident and sickness a cream to protect against sunburn a vaccine which is effective against pneumonia11used to say who is said or shown to have done something wrong: He has always emphatically denied the allegations against him. The evidence against you is overwhelming.12be/come up against somebody/something to have to deal with a difficult opponent or problem: You see, this is what we’re up against – the suppliers just aren’t reliable.13have something against somebody/something to dislike or disapprove of someone or something: I don’t have anything against babies. I just don’t feel very comfortable with them.
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