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back back ★★★★★1. ADVERB USES 副词用法2. NOUN AND ADJECTIVE USES 名词和形容词用法3. VERB USES 动词用法Part-1In addition to the uses shown below, back is also used in phrasal verbs such as ‘date back’ and ‘fall back on’.除下列用法外，back还可用于date back, fall back on 等短语动词中。1[ADV	副词]向后；往后；往回 If you move back, you move in the opposite direction to the one in which you are facing or in which you were moving before.   [ADV after v]The photographers drew back to let us view the body...摄影师往后退开，好让我们查看尸体。She stepped back from the door expectantly...她满怀期待地从门口退了回来。He pushed her away and she fell back on the wooden bench...他把她推开，她向后跌坐到长木椅上。She pushes back her chair and stands.她把椅子往后一推，站了起来。2[ADV	副词]回到原处 If you go back somewhere, you return to where you were before.   [ADV after v]I went back to bed...我回到床上。I'm  due back in London by late afternoon...我预计下午晚些时候回到伦敦。Smith changed his mind and moved back home...史密斯改变主意，搬回家了。I'll be back as soon as I can...我会尽快回来。He made a round-trip to the terminal and back.他到了终点，又折回来。3[ADV	副词]恢复原状；回到原来的状态 If someone or something is back in a particular state, they were in that state before and are now in it again.   [ADV after v]The rail company said it expected services to get slowly back to normal...铁路公司表示，其运输服务将慢慢恢复正常。Denise hopes to be back at work by the time her daughter is one...丹尼丝希望等女儿满周岁就回去工作。Having recently bought an old typewriter, I am now trying to bring it back into working order.我刚买了一台旧打字机，正想办法让它能够重新正常工作。4[ADV	副词]归还；交还；放回；收回 If you give or put something back, you return it to the person who had it or to the place where it was before you took it. If you get or take something back, you then have it again after not having it for a while.   [ADV after v]She handed the knife back...她递还刀子。Put it back in the freezer...把它放回冰箱。You'll get your money back.钱会还给你的。5[ADV	副词]（将钟表）拨回 If you put a clock or watch back, you change the time shown on it so that it shows an earlier time, for example when the time changes to winter time or standard time.   [ADV after v]6[ADV	副词]回应（来信、电话、目光等） If you write or call back, you write to or telephone someone after they have written to or telephoned you. If you look back at someone, you look at them after they have started looking at you.   [ADV after v]They wrote back to me and they told me that I didn't have to do it...他们回信告诉我说不必那么做。If the phone rings say you'll  call back after dinner...如果有电话打来，就说你吃完饭再回电话。Lee looked at Theodora. She stared back.李看着西奥多拉，她也回视着他。7[ADV	副词]回到（某个话题） You can say that you go or come back to a particular point in a conversation to show that you are mentioning or discussing it again.   [ADV after v]Can I come back to the question of policing once again?...我能再回到维护治安的问题上来吗？To come back to what I said in the Introduction, in the nineteenth century Spain was fully a part of Europe...回到我在导言中所说的，19世纪的西班牙是欧洲整体的一部分。Going back to the school, how many staff are there?回到学校这话题上来，教职员工有多少人？8[ADV	副词]再次流行；再度成为潮流 If something is or comes back, it is fashionable again after it has been unfashionable for some time.   [ADV after v]Short skirts are back...短裙又流行起来了。Consensus politics could easily come back into fashion.共识政治很可能再度兴起。9[ADV	副词]在一段距离之外 If someone or something is kept or situated back from a place, they are at a distance away from it.   [ADV after v]Keep back from the edge of the platform...请勿靠近站台边缘。I'm  a few miles back from the border...我距离边境数英里。He started for Dot's bedroom and Myrtle held him back.他正要去多特的卧室，被默特尔拦住了。10[ADV	副词]收拢；拢起；束起 If something is held or tied back, it is held or tied so that it does not hang loosely over something.   [ADV after v]Her hair was tied back...她的头发扎了起来。The curtains were held back by tassels.窗帘用穗子拢了起来。11[ADV	副词]（舒适地）向后仰 If you lie or sit back, you move your body backwards into a relaxed sloping or flat position, with your head and body resting on something.   [ADV after v]She lay back and stared at the ceiling...她躺下盯着天花板。She leaned back in her chair and smiled.她靠在椅背上，微笑起来。12[ADV	副词]回头，转身（看或喊） If you look or shout back at someone or something, you turn to look or shout at them when they are behind you.   [ADV after v]Nick looked back over his shoulder and then stopped, frowning...尼克回头看了看，又皱着眉头停了下来。He called back to her.他转身叫她。13[ADV	副词]（表示描述场所的转换）在曾提到过的地方 You use back in expressions like back in London or back at the house when you are giving an account, to show that you are going to start talking about what happened or was happening in the place you mention.   [ADV with v]Meanwhile, back in London, Palace Pictures was collapsing...与此同时，伦敦的皇宫影业公司也正在分崩离析。Later, back at home, the telephone rang.随后，家里的电话响了。14[ADV	副词]以前；过去；追溯至 If you talk about something that happened back in the past or several years back, you are emphasizing that it happened quite a long time ago.   [ADV with v]  [emphasis]The story starts back in 1950, when I was five...故事可以追溯到1950年，那时我才5岁。I was in St. Lucia back in January of this year...今年1月份我在圣卢西亚。He contributed £50m to the project a few years back.几年前，他向这个项目捐资了5,000万英镑。15[ADV	副词]回想；回忆 If you think back to something that happened in the past, you remember it or try to remember it.   [ADV after v]I thought back to the time in 1975 when my son was desperately ill...我回想起1975年我儿子病得奄奄一息的那段时间。My mind flew back to stories I had heard about Vinnie.我回想起曾听到过的关于文妮的那些传闻。16[PHRASE	短语]来回；往返 If someone moves back and forth, they repeatedly move in one direction and then in the opposite direction.   [PHR after v]He paced back and forth...他来回踱步。Two boys were in the street, tossing a baseball back and forth.两个男孩在街上来来回回地投接棒球。17 to cast your mind back→see: mind； Part-21[N-COUNT	可数名词]背（部）；后背；脊背 A person's or animal's  back is the part of their body between their head and their legs that is on the opposite side to their chest and stomach.   [oft poss N]Her son was lying peacefully on his back...她儿子安静地仰面躺着。She turned her back to the audience...她转过身背对着观众。Three of the victims were shot in the back...其中三名受害者背部中枪。He threw the old cloth saddle across the donkey's back.他把旧布鞍搭在驴背上。2[N-COUNT	可数名词]后面；后部 The back of something is the side or part of it that is towards the rear or farthest from the front. The back of something is normally not used or seen as much as the front.   [usu sing]...a room at the back of the shop...商店后部的一个房间She raised her hands to the back of her neck...她举起双手放于颈后。Smooth the mixture with the back of a soup spoon...用汤勺的背面把混合料抹平。Her room was on the third floor, at the back.她的房间在三楼靠后的位置。3[ADJ	形容词]后面的；后部的 Back is used to refer to the side or part of something that is towards the rear or farthest from the front.   [ADJ n]He opened the back door...他打开了后门。Ann could remember sitting in the back seat of their car.安记得自己坐在他们车的后座上。...the back room of a pub in Camden.在卡姆登的一个酒吧后面的房间...the path leading to the back garden.通往后花园的小径4[N-COUNT	可数名词]（椅子或沙发的）靠背 The back of a chair or sofa is the part that you lean against when you sit on it.   [usu sing]There was a neatly folded pink sweater on the back of the chair.椅子的靠背上搭着一件叠得整整齐齐的粉色毛衫。5[N-COUNT	可数名词]（纸、信封等的）反面，背面 The back of something such as a piece of paper or an envelope is the side which is less important.   [the N]Send your answers on the back of a postcard.将答案写在明信片背面寄出。6[N-COUNT	可数名词]（书等的）末尾 The back of a book is the part nearest the end, where you can find the index or the notes, for example.   [the N]...the index at the back of the book...书末索引You've given a whole list of names and addresses at the back.你已经在末尾完整地列出了名字和地址。7[N-SING	单数名词]（用于round the back, out the back等表达方式中）房屋（或其他建筑物）后的区域 You can use back in expressions such as round the back and out the back to refer generally to the area behind a house or other building.   [prep the N]  [BRIT 英]  [SPOKEN 口语]He had chickens and things round the back...他在房子后面养了些鸡啊什么的。The privy's  out the back.厕所在房子后面。8[N-UNCOUNT	不可数名词]（用于out back等表达方式中）房屋（或其他建筑物）后的区域；（用于in back等表达方式中）汽车（或建筑物等）的后部 You use back in expressions such as out back to refer to the area behind a house or other building. You also use in back to refer to the rear part of something, especially a car or building.   [prep N]  [AM 美]Dan informed her that he would be out back on the patio cleaning his shoes...丹告诉她说他要去房子后面的露台上擦鞋。Catlett got behind the wheel and I sat in back...卡特利特开车，我坐在车子后面。She hurried to the kitchen in back of the store.她赶紧进到商店后面的厨房。9[N-COUNT	可数名词]（足球、曲棍球等运动中的）后卫 In team games such as football and hockey, a back is a player who is concerned mainly with preventing the other team from scoring goals, rather than scoring goals for their own team. 10[N-COUNT	可数名词]（美式橄榄球运动中的）进攻后卫 In American football, a back is a player who stands behind the front line, runs with the ball and attacks rather than defends. 11[PHRASE	短语]背着（某人） If you say that something was  done behind someone's back, you disapprove of it because it was done without them knowing about it, in an unfair or dishonest way.   [PHR after v]  [disapproval]You eat her food, enjoy her hospitality and then criticize her behind her back.你吃着她的食物，享受着她的款待，然后还在背地里指责她。12[PHRASE	短语]完成…最困难的部分 If you break the back of a task or problem, you do the most difficult part of what is necessary to complete the task or solve the problem.   [V inflects]It seems at least that we've broken the back of inflation in this country...看起来至少我们已经解决了这个国家通货膨胀中最棘手的问题。We can deliver supplies and work to break the back of the famine.我们可以运送物资，努力解决饥荒中最关键的问题。13[PHRASE	短语]接连地；连续地 If two or more things are done back to back, one follows immediately after the other without any interruption. ...two half-hour shows, which will be screened back to back.连续播放的两档半小时节目14[PHRASE	短语]（衣服）前后穿反；（顺序）前后颠倒 If you are wearing something back to front, you are wearing it with the back of it at the front of your body. If you do something back to front, you do it the wrong way around, starting with the part that should come last.   [PHR after v]  [mainly BRIT 主英]He wears his baseball cap back to front...他把棒球帽反戴着。The picture was printed back to front.图片印反了。in AM, use 美国英语用 backward15[PHRASE	短语]不再（对某人）批评（或施压等） If you tell someone to get off your back you are telling them angrily to stop criticizing you or putting pressure on you.   [V inflects]  [INFORMAL 非正式]He kept on at me to such an extent that occasionally I wished he would get off my back.他一直对我唠叨个没完，有时我真希望他不要再烦我了。16[PHRASE	短语]紧跟着；紧接着 If you say that one thing happens on the back of another thing, you mean that it happens  after that other thing and in addition to it. The cuts, if approved, come on the back of a difficult eight years that have seen three London fire stations closed.8年的艰难时期刚刚过去，在此期间，伦敦有3家消防站遭关闭。如获批准，裁减又会接踵而至。17[PHRASE	短语]（使）受到威胁；（使）处于不利地位 If someone is on the back foot, or if something puts them on the back foot, they feel threatened and act defensively. From now on Labour will be on the back foot on the subject of welfare.今后工党在福利问题上将处于下风。...another scheme designed purely to put the Scots Nationalists on the back foot.另一项纯粹旨在让苏格兰民族党人被迫退居守势的计划18[PHRASE	短语]互相帮助；与人方便，与己方便 People say 'You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours' to mean that one person helps another on condition that the second person helps them in return.   [INFORMAL 非正式]19[PHRASE	短语]希望（某人）离开 If you say that you will be glad to see the back of someone, you mean that you want them to leave.   [PHR n]  [BRIT 英]  [INFORMAL 非正式]I was so badly behaved I was convinced she would be glad to see the back of me.我的表现如此差劲，相信她会很高兴看到我离开。20[PHRASE	短语]忽略；背弃；拒绝；对…不予理睬 If you turn your back on someone or something, you ignore them, leave them, or reject them.   [V inflects]Stacey Lattisaw has turned her back on her singing career with Motown Records to become a gospel singer...斯泰茜·拉蒂索抛弃了自己在摩城唱片公司的演唱事业，成为了一名福音歌手。Gunnell is not the sort to turn her back on someone who has coached her for 12 years.冈内尔不是那种将指导了自己12年的教练拒之门外的人。21[PHRASE	短语]使生气；触怒；惹恼 If someone or something puts your back up or gets your back up, they annoy you.   [V inflects]  [INFORMAL 非正式]Some food labelling practices really get my back up.有些食物标签的贴法实在让我生气。22  off the back of a lorry→see: lorry； to take a back seat→see: seat； to have your back to the wall→see: wall； Part-31[VERB	动词]背对；背向；背朝 If a building backs onto something, the back of it faces in the direction of that thing or touches the edge of that thing.   [V onto n]We live in a ground floor flat which backs onto a busy street...我们住在一楼的一套公寓房里，背对着一条繁忙的街道。His garden backs onto a school.他的花园背朝一所学校。2[V-ERG	及物/不及物动词]倒（车）；倒退 When you back a car or other vehicle somewhere or when it backs somewhere, it moves backwards.   [V n prep/adv]  [V prep/adv]  [V]  [Also V n]He backed his car out of the drive...他把车倒出了私人车道。The train backed out of Adelaide Yard on to the Dublin-Belfast line...火车倒出了阿德莱德调车场，开上了都柏林-贝尔法斯特线。I heard the engines revving as the lorries backed and turned.卡车倒车和掉头的时候，我听见发动机的轰鸣声。3[VERB	动词]支持；资助 If you back a person or a course of action, you support them, for example by voting for them or giving them money.   [V n]There is a new witness to back his claim that he is a victim of mistaken identity.有新的目击证人证明他的说法，他是被错认了。...if France cannot persuade all five permanent members of the Security Council to back the plan...如果法国不能说服安理会五个常任理事国都支持该计划The Prime Minister is backed by the civic movement, Public Against Violence.首相得到“全民反暴力”公民运动的支持。-backed...government-backed loans to Egypt.向埃及提供的政府贷款4[VERB	动词]预测…获胜；（通常指）下赌注于 If you back a particular person, team, or horse in a competition, you predict that they will win, and usually you bet money that they will win.   [V n to-inf]  [V n]Roland Nilsson last night backed Sheffield Wednesday to win the UEFA Cup...昨晚罗兰·尼尔森打赌谢菲尔德周三队会捧得欧洲联盟杯。The horse's owner Mr Hitchins backed him at 200-1 to finish in the first three...马的主人希钦斯先生以200比1的赔率赌它获得前三名。It is upsetting to discover that you have backed a loser.发现自己的投注对象输了是一件让人心烦的事。5[VERB	动词]为…伴奏（或伴唱） If a singer is backed by a band or by other singers, they provide the musical background for the singer.   [be V-ed by n]  [usu passive]She was backed by acoustic guitar, bass and congas.原声吉他、贝斯和康茄鼓为她伴奏。6See also:backing；  相关词组：back away back down back off back out back up  back1 adverbback2 nounback3 verbback4 adjectivebackback1 /bæk/ ●●● S1 W1 adverb  Entry menu Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1return to place in, into, or to the place or position where someone or something was before:  I’ll be back in a minute. Put that book back where you found it!back in/to/into etc Rory plugged the cable back into the socket. I feel like going back to bed.go/get/head etc back We ought to try and get back before it gets dark. He was back home by half past eleven. It’s possible to travel there and back in a day.GRAMMAR• You go back to a place: · We decided to go back to Athens.· I’m going back to school tomorrow.• You go back home: · It’s time to go back home. ✗Don’t say:  go back to home2as before in or into the condition or situation you were in before:  Gary woke at 4 am and couldn’t get back to sleep. It took me a long time to get my confidence back. If you decide to marry him, there will be no going back (=you will not be able to get back to your previous situation).go/get back to (doing) something There’s no way I’m going back to being poor. It’ll take a while for things to get back to normal.3previous place in or to a place where you lived or worked beforeback in/at She was the one who had fired him from his first job back in South Africa.back home (=in the place that you come from and think of as your home) It reminded me of evenings back home.4backwards in the opposite direction from the way you are facing  OPP  forwards:  He glanced back at the house. Kirov stepped back a pace. She tilted her head back to look at him.5reply/reaction if you do something back, you do it as a reply or reaction to what someone has said or done:  Can I call you back later? I’ll pay you back on Friday. ‘No, thanks!’ he shouted back. If he hits you, you just hit him back.6return something to somebody if you give something, get something etc back, you return it to the person who first had it, or you have it returned to you:  Can we have our ball back, please? I want all my books back as soon as you’ve finished with them. Give me back that letter! It’s none of your business!7in the past in or towards a time in the past:  a pile of newspapers dating back to the 1970s A lot of emotional problems can be traced back to childhood. Looking back on it, I should have known he was unhappy. At times, I think back to my life in Moscow.back in The house was built back in 1235.three years/two months etc back (=three years etc ago) His wife died a couple of years back. He called me a while back.8again once again:  Go back over your work to check for any mistakes. Liverpool were back level again two minutes later with a superb goal.9sit/lie/lean back to sit or lie in a comfortable relaxed way:  Sit back, relax, and enjoy the show!10away away from a surface, person, or thing:  She pulled the bandage back very carefully. Her hair was brushed back from her face. The woman nodded and stood back, allowing Patrick to enter.11back and forth going in one direction and then in the opposite direction, and repeating this several times:  We travel back and forth all the time between Canada and England. He was pacing back and forth.12towards beginning towards the beginning of a book, film, or computer document etc:  Turn back to the summaries at the end of section 1.5. Clicking on the icon will take you back to the previous web page. Wind the tape back to the beginning.back1 adverbback2 nounback3 verbback4 adjectivebackback2 ●●● S1 W1 noun [countable]  Entry menu Word Origin Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1part of your body a)the part of the body between the neck and legs, on the opposite side to the stomach and chest:  The cat arched its back and hissed. My feet were sore and my back was aching. Keep your head up and your back straight. To avoid back problems, always bend your knees when you lift heavy objects. He lay on his back and gazed at the ceiling. Johnny was lying flat on his back in the middle of the floor. Anna stood with her back to the window.on somebody’s back (=carried on someone’s back) The girl appeared again, now with a little baby on her back. b)the bones between your neck and the top of your legs  SYN  spine:  He broke his back in a motorbike accident.2not at front [usually singular] the part of something that is furthest from the front  OPP  front:  a T-shirt with a picture of a snake on the backback of He kissed her on the back of her head. Her window faced the backs of the houses.in the back (of something) (=used especially about the back of a vehicle) Two men were sitting in the back of the car.at the back (of something) a small shop with an office at the backin back (of something) American English (=in or at the back of something) Kids should always wear seat belts, even in back.out back American English (=behind a house or other building) Tom’s working on the car out back.round/out the back British English (=behind a house or building) Have you looked round the back?3less important side [usually singular] the less important side or surface of something such as a piece of paper or card  OPP  front:  Paul scribbled his address on the back of an envelope. The credits are listed on the back of the album.4part of seat the part of a seat that you lean against when you are sittingback of He rested his arm on the back of the sofa.5book/newspaper [usually singular] the last pages of a book or newspaper  OPP  frontat the back (of) The sports pages are usually at the back.in the back (of) The answers are in the back of the book.6at/in the back of your mind a thought that is at the back of your mind is one you try to ignore because you do not want it to be true:  At the back of her mind was the thought that he might be with someone else.put/push something to the back of your mind He tried to push these uncomfortable thoughts to the back of his mind.7back to back a)with the backs towards each other:  Stand back to back and we’ll see who’s tallest. b)happening immediately one after the other:  He performed up to three times a day, often back to back. →back-to-back18back to front British English a)in an incorrect position so that what should be at the back is at the front:  You’ve got your sweater on back to front. b)doing something the wrong way round and starting with the part that should be at the end:  He got the commands back to front and the program didn’t work.9behind somebody’s back if you do something behind someone’s back, you do it without them knowing:  I don’t like the idea of the two of them talking about me behind my back. I should have realized that he’d go behind my back (=do something without telling me).10when/while somebody’s back is turned if something happens when your back is turned, it happens when you are not able to see or know what someone is doing:  What are your kids up to when your back is turned?11get/put somebody’s back up British English informal to annoy someone:  Simone was the kind of person who was always putting people’s backs up.12get (somebody) off somebody’s back spoken to stop annoying someone with a lot of questions, criticisms etc, or to make someone stop annoying you in this way:  Maybe the only way to get him off my back is to tell him the truth. Do me a favour and get off my back!13be on somebody’s back spoken to be trying to make someone do something they do not want to do:  Why are you and Dad always on my back?14on the back of something as a result of something that already exists or something you have already done:  The company should be able to generate business on the back of existing contracts.15on the backs of somebody using the work of a particular group to achieve something that they will not get any advantage from:  Economic prosperity was won on the backs of the urban poor.16sports a defending player in a sports team  SYN  defender17the back of beyond informal a place that is a long way from other places and is difficult to get to:  It’s a nice little cottage but it really is in the back of beyond.18be (flat) on your back a)to be lying on your back – used to emphasize that someone seems unlikely to get up soon:  He was drunk and flat on his back on the street. b)to be so ill that you cannot get out of bed:  Their best player was flat on his back in hospital. c)if a business, country, economy etc is on its back, it is not successful:  The UK market was flat on its back.19put your back into it informal to work extremely hard at something:  If we really put our backs into it, we could finish today.20be glad/delighted/pleased etc to see the back of somebody/something to be happy that someone is leaving or because you no longer have to deal with something:  No, I’m not too upset that he left – in fact, I was glad to see the back of him. I can’t wait to see the back of this project, I can tell you  (=I will be happy when it ends).21have your back to/against the wall informal to be in a difficult situation with no choice about what to do22at your back a)behind you:  They had the wind at their backs as they set off. b)supporting you:  Caesar marched into Rome with an army at his back.23on your back informal not polite if someone achieves something on their back, they achieve it by having sex with someone24high-backed/straight-backed/low-backed etc with a high, straight, low etc back:  a high-backed chair → know something like the back of your handat know1(3), → turn your back on somebody/somethingat turn1(7)back1 adverbback2 nounback3 verbback4 adjectivebackback3 ●●● S2 W3 verb  Entry menu Verb Table Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1support [transitive] a)to support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influence:  The scheme has been backed by several major companies in the region. Some suspected that the rebellion was backed and financed by the US. government-backed loans b) (also back up) to support an idea by providing facts, proof etc:  His claims are not backed by any scientific evidence.► see thesaurus at supportGRAMMAR Back is usually passive in this meaning.2move backwards [intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive] to move backwards, or make someone or something move backwardsback into/out of/away from etc She backed into a doorway to let the crowds pass by.back somebody into/towards/out of etc something He began to back her towards the open door.back something into/towards/out of etc something I backed the car into the garage.3put something on the back [transitive] to put a material or substance onto the back of something, in order to protect it or make it stronger:  The photograph is backed with cardboard. a plastic-backed shower curtainGRAMMAR Back is usually passive in this meaning.4be behind something [transitive] to be at the back of something or behind it:  The Jandia Peninsula is a stretch of white sands backed by a mountain range.GRAMMAR Back is usually passive in this meaning.5music [transitive] to play or sing the music that supports the main singer or musician:  They performed all their hits, backed by a 40-piece orchestra.GRAMMAR Back is usually passive in this meaning.6risk money [transitive] to risk money on whether a particular horse, dog, team etc wins something7back the wrong horse to support someone or something that is not successfulback away phrasal verb1to move backwards and away from someone or something, especially because you are frightenedback away from She backed away from the menacing look on his face.2to stop supporting a plan or idea, or stop being involved in somethingback away from The government has backed away from its nuclear weapons strategy.back down phrasal verb to admit that you are wrong or that you have lost an argument:  Both sides have refused to back down.back off phrasal verb1to move backwards, away from someone or something:  She backed off and then turned and ran.2to stop telling someone what to do, or stop criticizing them, especially so that they can deal with something themselves:  I think you should back off for a while. Back off, Marc! Let me run my own life!3to stop supporting something, or decide not to do something you were planning to do:  Jerry backed off when he realized how much work was involved.back off from The company has backed off from investing new money.back onto something phrasal verb if a building backs onto something, its back faces it:  The hotel backs onto St Mark’s Square.back out phrasal verb to decide not to do something that you had promised to do:  It’s too late to back out now. After you’ve signed the contract, it will be impossible to back out.back out of The government is trying to back out of its commitment to reduce pollution.back up phrasal verb1back somebody/something ↔ up to say or show that what someone is saying is true:  Jane would back me up if she were here. There’s no evidence to back up his accusations. These theories have not been backed up by research.2back somebody/something ↔ up to provide support or help for someone or something:  The plan’s success depends on how vigorously the UN will back it up with action. The police officers are backed up by extra teams of people at the weekend. →backup3to make a copy of information stored on a computer:  Make sure you back up.back something ↔ up These devices can back up the whole system.back something ↔ up onto something Back all your files up onto a storage device or Cloud. →backup4 especially American English to make a vehicle move backwards:  The truck stopped and then backed up.back something ↔ up I backed the car up a little.5to move backwards:  Back up a bit so that everyone can see. →backup6if traffic backs up, it forms a long line of vehicles that cannot move:  The traffic was starting to back up in both directions.7if a toilet, sink etc backs up, it becomes blocked so that water cannot flow out of itback1 adverbback2 nounback3 verbback4 adjectivebackback4 ●●● S2 W3 adjective [only before noun]  Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1at or in the back of something  OPP  front:  You’ll be sleeping in the back bedroom. Turn to the back page. I keep my keys in my back pocket. There was the sound of giggling from the back row. The rabbit had one of its back legs caught in a trap. →back door2behind something, especially a building  OPP  front:  the back garden We left by the back gate.3from the back:  The back view of the hotel was even less appealing than the front.4back street/lane/road etc a street etc that is away from the main streets:  a short cut down a back lane5back rent/taxes/pay etc money that someone owes from an earlier date6back issue/copy/number a copy of a magazine or newspaper from an earlier date7 technical a back vowel sound is made by lifting your tongue at the back of your mouth

Accepted Answer

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             back              ★                    /        bæk                ;          NAmE                bæk                /                              noun                ,                  adjective                ,                  adverb                ,                  verb                            back      backs      backed      backing                            noun        ★                                        part of body        身体部位                    1        ★                  the part of the human body that is on the opposite side to the chest, between the neck and the tops of the legs; the part of an animal's body that            correspondsto this            （人体或动物的）背部，背；腰背                                    ◆          Do you sleep on your back or your front?          你睡觉是仰着还是趴着？                          ◆          He stood with his back to the door.          他背对着门站着。                          ◆          They had their hands tied behind their backs.          他们双手被反剪起来。                          ◆          back pain          背痛                          ◆          a back massage          背部按摩                          ◆          A small boy rode on the elephant's back.          一个小男孩骑在大象背上。                          ☞          collocationsat                                                    physical                                                              ☞see also                                                    bareback                                              ,                                                    horseback                                                                2        ★                  the row of bones in the middle of the back            脊柱；脊梁骨                                    SYN                                                    backbone                                              ,                                                    spine                                                              ◆          She broke her back in a riding accident.          她在一次骑马事故中摔断了脊梁骨。                          ◆          He            put his back out            (=              dislocatedsth in his back)            lifting the crates.                    他搬大木箱时脊椎脱了臼。                            part furthest from front        后部                    3        ★                  [usually singular          ]                          back(of sth)                          the part or area of sth that is furthest from the front            后部；后面；末尾                                    ◆          We could only get seats            at the back            (= of the room).                    我们只能找到后排的座位。                          ◆          I found some old photos at the back of the drawer.          我从抽屉尽里头找到一些旧照片。                          ◆          He was shot in the back of the knee.          他被子弹击中了腘窝。                          ◆          The house has three bedrooms at the front and two            at the back.                    房屋正面有三间卧室，后面两间。                          ◆          (            BrE)                    There's room for three people            in the back.                    后排的空间可容三人。                          ◆          (            NAmE)                    There's room for three people            in back            (= of a car, etc.).                    后排的空间可容三人。                          ◆          (            BrE)                    If you'd like to come            round the back            (= to the area behind the house),I'll show you the garden.                    请到屋子后面看看花园。                          ☞see also                                                    hardback                                              ,                                                    paperback                                              ,                                                    short back and sides                                                                of piece of paper        纸张                    4        ★                  [usually singular          ]                          back(of sth)                          the part of a piece of paper, etc. that is on the opposite side to the one that has information or the most important information on it            （文件等的）背面                                    ◆          Write your name on the back of the cheque.          把你的名字写在支票背面。                            of book        书刊                    5        ★                  [usually singular          ]                          back(of sth)                          the last few pages of a book, etc.            （书等的）最后几页，末尾                                    ◆          The television guide is at the back of the paper.          电视节目指南在报纸的末尾。                            of chair        椅子                    6                  the part of a chair, etc. against which you lean your            back            （椅子等的）靠背                                      -backed        靠背…                    7                  (            in adjectives              构成形容词            )                    used to describe furniture that has the type of            backmentioned            （家具）…靠背的                                    ◆          a high-backed sofa          高靠背沙发                            in sport        体育运动                    8                  (in sports          体育运动          )                          a player whose main role is to defend their team's goal            后卫                                    ☞compare                                                    forward                                                   n.                                    ☞see also                                                    fullback                                              ,                                                    halfback                                                                IDIOMS              at/in the back of your mind                              if a thought, etc. is              at the back of your mind,you are aware of it but it is not what you are mainly thinking about              在潜意识里；依稀记得                                                  the ˌback of beˈyond                              (              informal)                        a place that is a long way from other houses, towns, etc.              偏僻地方；边远地区                                                  ˌback to ˈback                  1                      if two people stand              back to back,they stand with their              backsfacing or touching each other              背靠背；背对背                                            ☞see also                                                            back-to-back                                                                              2                      if two or more things happen              back to back,they happen one after the other              接连地；接二连三                                                  ★        ˌback to ˈfront                  (            BrE)                                (                          NAmE                        back·wards            )                                if you put on a piece of clothing              back to front,you make a mistake and put the              backwhere the front should be              （衣服）前后颠倒（或穿反）                                            ◆            I think you've got that sweater on back to front.            我觉得你把毛衣前后穿反了。                                ☞compare                          inside out              at              inside                             n.                                                  be glad, etc. to see the back of sb/sth                              (              informal) (              especially BrE)                        to be happy that you will not have to deal with or see sb/sth again because you do not like them or it              庆幸终于摆脱（不喜欢的人或事物）                                            ◆            Was I pleased to see the back of her!            真高兴不会再见到她了！                                      ★        behind sb's ˈback                              without sb's knowledge or permission              背着某人；背地里；私下                                            ◆            Have you been talking about me behind my back?            你们是不是在背后说我的闲话？                                ◆            They went ahead and sold it behind my back.            他们迳自背着我把它卖了。                                ☞compare                          to sb's face              at              face                             n.                                                  be on sb's ˈback                              (              informal)                        to keep asking or telling sb to do sth that they do not want to do, in a way that they find annoying              缠磨；烦扰                                                  break the ˈback of sth                              to finish the largest or most important part of a task              完成（任务等的）主要部份                                                  get/put sb's ˈback up                              (              informal)                        to annoy sb              惹恼                                            ◆            That sort of attitude really gets my back up!            那种态度实在叫我恼火！                                      get off sb's ˈback                              (              informal)                        to stop annoying sb, for example by criticizing them, or asking them to do sth              不再烦扰某人（如停止批评或缠磨等）                                            ◆            Just get off my back, will you!            请别烦我了好吗！                                      have (got) sb's ˈback                              (              NAmE) (              informal)                        to protect and support sb              保护，支持（某人）                                            ◆            Don't worry, I've got your back.            别担心，我支持你。                                      have your ˌback to the ˈwall                              (              informal)                        to be in a difficult situation in which you are forced to do sth but are unable to make the choices that you would like              处于背水一战的境地；没有退路                                                  off the ˌback of a ˈlorry                              (              BrE) (              informal,              humorous)                        goods that              fell off the back of a lorrywere probably stolen. People say or accept that they came              ‘              off the back of a lorry              ’to avoid saying or asking where they really came from.              （指货物等）来路不明                                                  on the back of sth                              as a result of an achievement or a success              由于（某项成就）                                            ◆            The profits growth came on the back of a 26 per cent rise in sales.            利润增长来自 26% 的销售额增长。                                      (flat) on your back                              (              informal)                        in bed because you are ill/sick              因病卧床；卧病                                            ◆            She's been flat on her back for over a week now.            她卧病有一个多星期了。                                ◆            (              figurative)                        The UK market was flat on its back              (= business was very bad).                        （当时）英国的市场十分不景气。                                      put your ˈback into sth                              to use a lot of effort and energy on a particular task              全力以赴                                                  ★        turn your back                              to turn so that you are facing in the opposite direction              扭头；转身                                                  turn your back on sb/sth                  1          ★                      to move so that you are standing or sitting with your              backfacing sb/sth              转身背对某人（或某物）                                            ◆            When on stage, try not to turn your back on the audience.            在舞台上尽量不要背对观众。                                    2          ★                      to reject sb/sth that you have previously been connected with              背弃；抛弃                                            ◆            She turned her back on them when they needed her.            他们需要她的时候，她却背弃了他们。                                      ☞more at                                    cover                                   v.            ,                                    eye                                   n.            ,                                    know                                   v.            ,                                    pat                                   n.            ,                                    pat                                   v.            ,                                    push                                   v.            ,                                    rod                              ,                                    scratch                                   v.            ,                                    shirt                              ,                                    stab                                   n.            ,                                    stab                                   v.            ,                                    straw                              ,                                    water                                   n.                                  adjective        ★                    [only before noun      ]              away from front        在后                    1        ★                  located behind or at the back of sth            背后的；后面的；后部的                                    ◆          We were sitting in the back row.          我们坐在后排。                          ◆          back teeth          臼齿                          ◆          a back room            (= one at the back of a building)                    后室（位于建筑物后部）                          ◆          the back page of a newspaper          报纸最末一页                          ☞compare                                                    front                                                   adj.                               (1                )                                                                from past        过去                    2                  of or from a past time            过去的；旧时的                                    ◆          a back number of the magazine          一份过期杂志                            owed        拖欠                    3                  owed for a time in the past            到期未付的；拖欠的                                    ◆                      back pay/taxes/rent                    欠薪╱税╱租金                            phonetics        语音                    4        (          phonetics            语音          )                          (of a vowel          元音          )                          produced with the back of the tongue in a higher position than the front, for example                          /ɑː              /            in English            舌后的，后位性的（舌高点位于口腔后部发音）                                    ☞compare                                                    central5 ()                                              ,                                                    front adj.2 ()                                                                IDIOM              on the back ˈburner                  (            informal)                                (of an idea, a plan, etc.            主意、计划等            )                                left for the present time, to be done or considered later              暂时搁置                                            ☞compare                          on the front burner              at              front                             adj.                                            ☞see also                                                            back-burner                                                                                              adverb        ★                            HELP       For the special uses of      backin phrasal verbs, look at the entries for the verbs. For example      pay sb backis in the phrasal verb section at      pay.              *back 在短语动词中的特殊用法见有关动词词条。如 pay sb back 在词条 pay 的短语动词部份。                    away from front        后面                    1        ★                  away from the front or centre; behind you            向后；在后；在背面                                    ◆          I stepped back to let them pass.          我退后一步给他们让路。                          ◆          Sit back and relax.          靠椅背坐好，放松放松。                          ◆          You've combed your hair back.          你把头发往后梳了。                          ◆          He turned and looked back.          他转身向后望。                          ◆          She fell back towards the end of the race.          赛跑快结束时她落后了。                          OPP                                                    forward                                                                at a distance        距离                    2        ★                  at a distance away from sth            与（某物）有距离                                    ◆          The barriers kept the crowd back.          障碍物拦住了人群。                          ◆          Stand back and give me some room.          站远点儿，给我腾出些地方。                            under control        受控制                    3        ★                  under control; prevented from being expressed or coming out            控制住；忍住                                    ◆          He could no longer hold back his tears.          他再也无法控制住眼泪。                            as before        像先前                    4        ★                  to or into the place, condition, situation or activity where sb/sth was before            回原处；恢复原状                                    ◆          Put the book back on the shelf.          把书放回书架上。                          ◆          Please give me my ball back.          请把我的球还给我。                          ◆          He'll be back on Monday.          他星期一会回来。                          ◆          It takes me an hour to walk            there and back.                    我步行往返要花一个小时。                          ◆          Could you go back to the beginning of the story?          你能不能回到故事的开头？                          ◆          She woke up briefly and then went back to sleep.          她醒了片刻又睡了。                          ◆          We were right            back where we started,only this time without any money.                    我们回到了起点，只是这次一点钱也没有。                            in past        过去                    5        ★                  in or into the past; ago            以前                                    ◆          The village has a history going back to the Middle Ages.          这个村子的历史可追溯至中世纪。                          ◆          She left            back inNovember.                    她十一月已经离开了。                          ◆          That was a few years back.          那是几年以前的事。                            at a previous place        在原处                    6        ★                  at a place previously left or mentioned            在曾去过（或提到过）的地方；在前面                                    ◆          We should have turned left five kilometres back.          我们在五公里之前就该左拐的。                          ◆          Back at home, her parents were worried.          在家中，她的父母很担心。                          ◆          I can't wait to get back home.          我急不可待想赶回家。                            in return        回应                    7        ★                  in return or reply            回报；回答                                    ◆          If he kicks me, I'll kick him back.          他要是踢我，我就踢他。                          ◆          Could you call back later, please?          请稍后再打电话来好吗？                            IDIOMS              ★        ˌback and ˈforth                              from one place to another and back again repeatedly              反复来回                                            ◆            ferries sailing back and forth between the islands            往返于岛与岛之间的渡船                                      ˌback in the ˈday                              in the past              过去；从前；旧时                                            ◆            My dad's always talking about how great everything was back in the day.            我爸爸总是讲过去的一切如何如何的好。                                      back of sth                              (              NAmE) (              informal)                        behind sth              在某物的背后（或背面）                                            ◆            the houses back of the church            位于教堂后面的房屋                                      ☞more at                                    earth                                   n.            ,                                    square                                   n.                                  verb        ★                    move backwards        后退                    1        ★                  [intransitive                ,         transitive          ]                          to move or make sth move backwards            （使）后退，倒退                          + adv./prep.                  ◆          He backed against the wall, terrified.          他退到墙边，惊恐万分。                          backsth + adv./prep.                          ◆          If you can't drive in forwards, try backing it in.          若不能开车正面驶入，不妨倒车进去。                          ☞compare                                                    reverse v.6 ()                                                                support        支持                    2        ★                  [transitive          ]                          backsb/sth                          to give help or support to sb/sth            帮助；支持                                    ◆          Her parents backed her in her choice of career.          她父母支持她的职业选择。                          ◆          Doctors have backed plans to raise the tax on cigarettes.          医生们对提高烟草税计划给予了支持。                          ◆          The programme of economic reform is backed            (= given financial support)by foreign aid.                    经济改革计划得到外资援助。                          ◆          a United Nations-backed peace plan          得到联合国支持的和平计划                            bet money        下赌注                    3                  [transitive          ]                          backsth                          to bet money on a horse in a race, a team in a competition, etc.            下赌注于（赛马、参赛队伍等）                                    ◆          I backed the winner and won fifty pounds.          我押对了赌注，赢了五十英镑。                            music        音乐                    4                  [transitive          ]                          backsth                          to play or sing music that supports the main singer or instrument            伴奏；伴唱                                    ☞see also                                                    backing3 ()                                                                cover back        覆盖背面                    5                  [transitive          ]                          backsth (with sth)                          [usually passive          ]                          to cover the back of sth in order to support or protect it            （用某物）在…背后加固，给…加背衬                                      be behind        在后面                    6                  [transitive                ,         usually passive          ]                          backsth                          (            BrE)                    to be located behind sth            位于（某物）的后面；在…后面                                    ◆          The house is backed by fields.          房子的后面是田野。                            IDIOM              ˌback the wrong ˈhorse                              (              BrE)                        to support sb/sth that is not successful              下错赌注（支持了失败的一方或事情）                                                          PHRASAL VERBS                    ˌback aˈway (from sb/sth)                              to move away backwards from sb/sth that is frightening or unpleasant; to avoid doing sth that is unpleasant              躲避（可怕或讨厌的人或事物）；避免（做讨厌的事）；退避                                                  ˌback ˈdown (on/from sth)                              (                          NAmE also                        ˌback ˈoff            )                                to take back a demand, an opinion, etc. that other people are strongly opposed to; to admit defeat              放弃（别人强烈反对的要求、主张等）；认输                                            ◆            She refused to back down on a point of principle.            她在一个原则问题上拒绝让步。                                      ˌback ˈoff                  1                      to move backwards in order to get away from sb/sth frightening or unpleasant              退缩，退却（以躲避可怕或讨厌的人或事物）                                            ◆            As the riot police approached, the crowd backed off.            随着防暴警察逼近，人群往后退却了。                                    2                      to stop threatening, criticizing or annoying sb              停止威胁（或批评、骚扰）                                            ◆            Back off! There's no need to yell at me.            走开点！没必要对我大喊大叫。                                ◆            The press have agreed to back off and leave the couple alone.            新闻界同意退让，不再搅扰这对夫妇。                                      ˌback ˈoff (from sth)                              to choose not to take action, in order to avoid a difficult situation              放弃（采取行动）；退让                                            ◆            The government backed off from a confrontation.            政府放弃对抗。                                      ˌback ˈonto sth                  (            BrE)                                (of a building            建筑物            )                                to have sth directly behind it              背向；背靠                                            ◆            Our house backs onto the river.            我们的房子背向河流。                                      ˌback ˈout (of sth)                              to decide that you are no longer going to take part in sth that has been agreed              退出；撒手                                            ◆            He lost confidence and backed out of the deal at the last minute.            他失去了信心，在最后一刻退出了协议。                                      ˌback ˈup | ˌback sth↔ˈup                              to move backwards, especially in a vehicle              后退；倒（车）                                            ◆            You can back up another two feet or so.            你可以再退两英尺左右。                                ◆            I backed the car up to the door.            我把车倒到门前。                                      ˌback sb/sth↔ˈup                  1          ★                      to support sb/sth; to say that what sb says, etc. is true              支持；证实（某人所言）                                            ◆            I'll back you up if they don't believe you.            如果他们不相信你，我会为你作证。                                ◆            The writer doesn't back up his opinions with examples.            作者不用实例印证他的看法。                                    2          ★                      to provide support for sb/sth              支持；支援                                            ◆            two doctors backed up by a team of nurses            由一组护士辅助的两名医生                                ◆            The rebels backed up their demands with threats.            反叛者以恐吓手段要挟。                                ☞related noun                                                            backup1 ()                                                                                ˌback sth↔ˈup                              (              computing                计              )                        to prepare a second copy of a file, program, etc. that can be used if the main one fails or needs extra support              给（文件、程序等）做备份；备份                                            ☞related noun                                                            backup2 ()                                                                                    WHICH WORD? 词语辨析                                      at the back / at the rear / behind                      ■                          At the backand              at the rearhave a similar meaning, but              at the rearis used more in formal or official language.                              *at the back 和 at the rear 意义相近，但 at the rear 多用于正式或官方语言：                                                    ◆              What’s that at the back of the fridge?              冰箱尽里头那东西是什么？                                                  ◆              Smoking is only allowed at the rear of the aircraft.              只有飞机后舱允许抽烟。                        It is more usual to talk about the              back doorof a house but the              rear exitof an aircraft or public building. If something is              behindsomething else it is near to the back of it but not part of it.              指房子的后门较常用 back door，但飞机或公共建筑的后门较常用 rear exit。behind 指在后面，但不是其中的部份。                        Compare              比较：                                      ◆              Our room was at the back of the hotel.              我们的房间在旅馆靠后面的地方。                        and              和                                      ◆              There’s a lovely wood just behind our hotel.              在我们旅馆的后面就有一片美丽的树林。                                                      back              /        bæk                ;          NAmE                bæk                /             back[bæk]backed, backing, backsCET4CET6考研IELTSr108399602116412150862583525629117685v18732093243276142396350471453n322134658273315677324877196606017j94332039671548412298110ADV1458411948NOUN4153462800VERB2360559625ADJ957159542PREP315624071Spoken:501572894backed[6042] backing[5745] backs[8363]后退(24%)，后面(15%)，支持(15%)，后面的(11%)，后卫(10%)，向后的(7%)，靠背(7%)，向后地(5%)，背脊(3%)，后背(2%)，积欠的(1%)n.后面；背部；靠背；足球等的后卫；书报等的末尾adj.后面的；过去的；拖欠的vt.支持；后退；背书；下赌注adv.以前；向后地；来回地；上溯；回来；回原处vi.后退；背靠；倒退n.(Back)人名；(西、英、德、法、瑞典、捷)巴克

word	back
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Collins	back ★★★★★ 1. ADVERB USES 副词用法 2. NOUN AND ADJECTIVE USES 名词和形容词用法 3. VERB USES 动词用法 Part-1 In addition to the uses shown below, back is also used in phrasal verbs such as ‘date back’ and ‘fall back on’. 除下列用法外，back还可用于date back, fall back on 等短语动词中。 1 [ADV 副词]向后；往后；往回 If you move back, you move in the opposite direction to the one in which you are facing or in which you were moving before. [ADV after v] The photographers drew back to let us view the body... 摄影师往后退开，好让我们查看尸体。 She stepped back from the door expectantly... 她满怀期待地从门口退了回来。 He pushed her away and she fell back on the wooden bench... 他把她推开，她向后跌坐到长木椅上。 She pushes back her chair and stands. 她把椅子往后一推，站了起来。 2 [ADV 副词]回到原处 If you go back somewhere, you return to where you were before. [ADV after v] I went back to bed... 我回到床上。 I'm due back in London by late afternoon... 我预计下午晚些时候回到伦敦。 Smith changed his mind and moved back home... 史密斯改变主意，搬回家了。 I'll be back as soon as I can... 我会尽快回来。 He made a round-trip to the terminal and back. 他到了终点，又折回来。 3 [ADV 副词]恢复原状；回到原来的状态 If someone or something is back in a particular state, they were in that state before and are now in it again. [ADV after v] The rail company said it expected services to get slowly back to normal... 铁路公司表示，其运输服务将慢慢恢复正常。 Denise hopes to be back at work by the time her daughter is one... 丹尼丝希望等女儿满周岁就回去工作。 Having recently bought an old typewriter, I am now trying to bring it back into working order. 我刚买了一台旧打字机，正想办法让它能够重新正常工作。 4 [ADV 副词]归还；交还；放回；收回 If you give or put something back, you return it to the person who had it or to the place where it was before you took it. If you get or take something back, you then have it again after not having it for a while. [ADV after v] She handed the knife back... 她递还刀子。 Put it back in the freezer... 把它放回冰箱。 You'll get your money back. 钱会还给你的。 5 [ADV 副词]（将钟表）拨回 If you put a clock or watch back, you change the time shown on it so that it shows an earlier time, for example when the time changes to winter time or standard time. [ADV after v] 6 [ADV 副词]回应（来信、电话、目光等） If you write or call back, you write to or telephone someone after they have written to or telephoned you. If you look back at someone, you look at them after they have started looking at you. [ADV after v] They wrote back to me and they told me that I didn't have to do it... 他们回信告诉我说不必那么做。 If the phone rings say you'll call back after dinner... 如果有电话打来，就说你吃完饭再回电话。 Lee looked at Theodora. She stared back. 李看着西奥多拉，她也回视着他。 7 [ADV 副词]回到（某个话题） You can say that you go or come back to a particular point in a conversation to show that you are mentioning or discussing it again. [ADV after v] Can I come back to the question of policing once again?... 我能再回到维护治安的问题上来吗？ To come back to what I said in the Introduction, in the nineteenth century Spain was fully a part of Europe... 回到我在导言中所说的，19世纪的西班牙是欧洲整体的一部分。 Going back to the school, how many staff are there? 回到学校这话题上来，教职员工有多少人？ 8 [ADV 副词]再次流行；再度成为潮流 If something is or comes back, it is fashionable again after it has been unfashionable for some time. [ADV after v] Short skirts are back... 短裙又流行起来了。 Consensus politics could easily come back into fashion. 共识政治很可能再度兴起。 9 [ADV 副词]在一段距离之外 If someone or something is kept or situated back from a place, they are at a distance away from it. [ADV after v] Keep back from the edge of the platform... 请勿靠近站台边缘。 I'm a few miles back from the border... 我距离边境数英里。 He started for Dot's bedroom and Myrtle held him back. 他正要去多特的卧室，被默特尔拦住了。 10 [ADV 副词]收拢；拢起；束起 If something is held or tied back, it is held or tied so that it does not hang loosely over something. [ADV after v] Her hair was tied back... 她的头发扎了起来。 The curtains were held back by tassels. 窗帘用穗子拢了起来。 11 [ADV 副词]（舒适地）向后仰 If you lie or sit back, you move your body backwards into a relaxed sloping or flat position, with your head and body resting on something. [ADV after v] She lay back and stared at the ceiling... 她躺下盯着天花板。 She leaned back in her chair and smiled. 她靠在椅背上，微笑起来。 12 [ADV 副词]回头，转身（看或喊） If you look or shout back at someone or something, you turn to look or shout at them when they are behind you. [ADV after v] Nick looked back over his shoulder and then stopped, frowning... 尼克回头看了看，又皱着眉头停了下来。 He called back to her. 他转身叫她。 13 [ADV 副词]（表示描述场所的转换）在曾提到过的地方 You use back in expressions like back in London or back at the house when you are giving an account, to show that you are going to start talking about what happened or was happening in the place you mention. [ADV with v] Meanwhile, back in London, Palace Pictures was collapsing... 与此同时，伦敦的皇宫影业公司也正在分崩离析。 Later, back at home, the telephone rang. 随后，家里的电话响了。 14 [ADV 副词]以前；过去；追溯至 If you talk about something that happened back in the past or several years back, you are emphasizing that it happened quite a long time ago. [ADV with v] [emphasis] The story starts back in 1950, when I was five... 故事可以追溯到1950年，那时我才5岁。 I was in St. Lucia back in January of this year... 今年1月份我在圣卢西亚。 He contributed £50m to the project a few years back. 几年前，他向这个项目捐资了5,000万英镑。 15 [ADV 副词]回想；回忆 If you think back to something that happened in the past, you remember it or try to remember it. [ADV after v] I thought back to the time in 1975 when my son was desperately ill... 我回想起1975年我儿子病得奄奄一息的那段时间。 My mind flew back to stories I had heard about Vinnie. 我回想起曾听到过的关于文妮的那些传闻。 16 [PHRASE 短语]来回；往返 If someone moves back and forth, they repeatedly move in one direction and then in the opposite direction. [PHR after v] He paced back and forth... 他来回踱步。 Two boys were in the street, tossing a baseball back and forth. 两个男孩在街上来来回回地投接棒球。 17 to cast your mind back→see: mind ； Part-2 1 [N-COUNT 可数名词]背（部）；后背；脊背 A person's or animal's back is the part of their body between their head and their legs that is on the opposite side to their chest and stomach. [oft poss N] Her son was lying peacefully on his back... 她儿子安静地仰面躺着。 She turned her back to the audience... 她转过身背对着观众。 Three of the victims were shot in the back... 其中三名受害者背部中枪。 He threw the old cloth saddle across the donkey's back. 他把旧布鞍搭在驴背上。 2 [N-COUNT 可数名词]后面；后部 The back of something is the side or part of it that is towards the rear or farthest from the front. The back of something is normally not used or seen as much as the front. [usu sing] ...a room at the back of the shop... 商店后部的一个房间 She raised her hands to the back of her neck... 她举起双手放于颈后。 Smooth the mixture with the back of a soup spoon... 用汤勺的背面把混合料抹平。 Her room was on the third floor, at the back. 她的房间在三楼靠后的位置。 3 [ADJ 形容词]后面的；后部的 Back is used to refer to the side or part of something that is towards the rear or farthest from the front. [ADJ n] He opened the back door... 他打开了后门。 Ann could remember sitting in the back seat of their car. 安记得自己坐在他们车的后座上。 ...the back room of a pub in Camden. 在卡姆登的一个酒吧后面的房间 ...the path leading to the back garden. 通往后花园的小径 4 [N-COUNT 可数名词]（椅子或沙发的）靠背 The back of a chair or sofa is the part that you lean against when you sit on it. [usu sing] There was a neatly folded pink sweater on the back of the chair. 椅子的靠背上搭着一件叠得整整齐齐的粉色毛衫。 5 [N-COUNT 可数名词]（纸、信封等的）反面，背面 The back of something such as a piece of paper or an envelope is the side which is less important. [the N] Send your answers on the back of a postcard. 将答案写在明信片背面寄出。 6 [N-COUNT 可数名词]（书等的）末尾 The back of a book is the part nearest the end, where you can find the index or the notes, for example. [the N] ...the index at the back of the book... 书末索引 You've given a whole list of names and addresses at the back. 你已经在末尾完整地列出了名字和地址。 7 [N-SING 单数名词]（用于round the back, out the back等表达方式中）房屋（或其他建筑物）后的区域 You can use back in expressions such as round the back and out the back to refer generally to the area behind a house or other building. [prep the N] [BRIT 英] [SPOKEN 口语] He had chickens and things round the back... 他在房子后面养了些鸡啊什么的。 The privy's out the back. 厕所在房子后面。 8 [N-UNCOUNT 不可数名词]（用于out back等表达方式中）房屋（或其他建筑物）后的区域；（用于in back等表达方式中）汽车（或建筑物等）的后部 You use back in expressions such as out back to refer to the area behind a house or other building. You also use in back to refer to the rear part of something, especially a car or building. [prep N] [AM 美] Dan informed her that he would be out back on the patio cleaning his shoes... 丹告诉她说他要去房子后面的露台上擦鞋。 Catlett got behind the wheel and I sat in back... 卡特利特开车，我坐在车子后面。 She hurried to the kitchen in back of the store. 她赶紧进到商店后面的厨房。 9 [N-COUNT 可数名词]（足球、曲棍球等运动中的）后卫 In team games such as football and hockey, a back is a player who is concerned mainly with preventing the other team from scoring goals, rather than scoring goals for their own team. 10 [N-COUNT 可数名词]（美式橄榄球运动中的）进攻后卫 In American football, a back is a player who stands behind the front line, runs with the ball and attacks rather than defends. 11 [PHRASE 短语]背着（某人） If you say that something was done behind someone's back, you disapprove of it because it was done without them knowing about it, in an unfair or dishonest way. [PHR after v] [disapproval] You eat her food, enjoy her hospitality and then criticize her behind her back. 你吃着她的食物，享受着她的款待，然后还在背地里指责她。 12 [PHRASE 短语]完成…最困难的部分 If you break the back of a task or problem, you do the most difficult part of what is necessary to complete the task or solve the problem. [V inflects] It seems at least that we've broken the back of inflation in this country... 看起来至少我们已经解决了这个国家通货膨胀中最棘手的问题。 We can deliver supplies and work to break the back of the famine. 我们可以运送物资，努力解决饥荒中最关键的问题。 13 [PHRASE 短语]接连地；连续地 If two or more things are done back to back, one follows immediately after the other without any interruption. ...two half-hour shows, which will be screened back to back. 连续播放的两档半小时节目 14 [PHRASE 短语]（衣服）前后穿反；（顺序）前后颠倒 If you are wearing something back to front, you are wearing it with the back of it at the front of your body. If you do something back to front, you do it the wrong way around, starting with the part that should come last. [PHR after v] [mainly BRIT 主英] He wears his baseball cap back to front... 他把棒球帽反戴着。 The picture was printed back to front. 图片印反了。 in AM, use 美国英语用 backward 15 [PHRASE 短语]不再（对某人）批评（或施压等） If you tell someone to get off your back you are telling them angrily to stop criticizing you or putting pressure on you. [V inflects] [INFORMAL 非正式] He kept on at me to such an extent that occasionally I wished he would get off my back. 他一直对我唠叨个没完，有时我真希望他不要再烦我了。 16 [PHRASE 短语]紧跟着；紧接着 If you say that one thing happens on the back of another thing, you mean that it happens after that other thing and in addition to it. The cuts, if approved, come on the back of a difficult eight years that have seen three London fire stations closed. 8年的艰难时期刚刚过去，在此期间，伦敦有3家消防站遭关闭。如获批准，裁减又会接踵而至。 17 [PHRASE 短语]（使）受到威胁；（使）处于不利地位 If someone is on the back foot, or if something puts them on the back foot, they feel threatened and act defensively. From now on Labour will be on the back foot on the subject of welfare. 今后工党在福利问题上将处于下风。 ...another scheme designed purely to put the Scots Nationalists on the back foot. 另一项纯粹旨在让苏格兰民族党人被迫退居守势的计划 18 [PHRASE 短语]互相帮助；与人方便，与己方便 People say 'You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours' to mean that one person helps another on condition that the second person helps them in return. [INFORMAL 非正式] 19 [PHRASE 短语]希望（某人）离开 If you say that you will be glad to see the back of someone, you mean that you want them to leave. [PHR n] [BRIT 英] [INFORMAL 非正式] I was so badly behaved I was convinced she would be glad to see the back of me. 我的表现如此差劲，相信她会很高兴看到我离开。 20 [PHRASE 短语]忽略；背弃；拒绝；对…不予理睬 If you turn your back on someone or something, you ignore them, leave them, or reject them. [V inflects] Stacey Lattisaw has turned her back on her singing career with Motown Records to become a gospel singer... 斯泰茜·拉蒂索抛弃了自己在摩城唱片公司的演唱事业，成为了一名福音歌手。 Gunnell is not the sort to turn her back on someone who has coached her for 12 years. 冈内尔不是那种将指导了自己12年的教练拒之门外的人。 21 [PHRASE 短语]使生气；触怒；惹恼 If someone or something puts your back up or gets your back up, they annoy you. [V inflects] [INFORMAL 非正式] Some food labelling practices really get my back up. 有些食物标签的贴法实在让我生气。 22 off the back of a lorry→see: lorry ； to take a back seat→see: seat ； to have your back to the wall→see: wall ； Part-3 1 [VERB 动词]背对；背向；背朝 If a building backs onto something, the back of it faces in the direction of that thing or touches the edge of that thing. [V onto n] We live in a ground floor flat which backs onto a busy street... 我们住在一楼的一套公寓房里，背对着一条繁忙的街道。 His garden backs onto a school. 他的花园背朝一所学校。 2 [V-ERG 及物/不及物动词]倒（车）；倒退 When you back a car or other vehicle somewhere or when it backs somewhere, it moves backwards. [V n prep/adv] [V prep/adv] [V] [Also V n] He backed his car out of the drive... 他把车倒出了私人车道。 The train backed out of Adelaide Yard on to the Dublin-Belfast line... 火车倒出了阿德莱德调车场，开上了都柏林-贝尔法斯特线。 I heard the engines revving as the lorries backed and turned. 卡车倒车和掉头的时候，我听见发动机的轰鸣声。 3 [VERB 动词]支持；资助 If you back a person or a course of action, you support them, for example by voting for them or giving them money. [V n] There is a new witness to back his claim that he is a victim of mistaken identity. 有新的目击证人证明他的说法，他是被错认了。 ...if France cannot persuade all five permanent members of the Security Council to back the plan... 如果法国不能说服安理会五个常任理事国都支持该计划 The Prime Minister is backed by the civic movement, Public Against Violence. 首相得到“全民反暴力”公民运动的支持。 -backed ...government-backed loans to Egypt. 向埃及提供的政府贷款 4 [VERB 动词]预测…获胜；（通常指）下赌注于 If you back a particular person, team, or horse in a competition, you predict that they will win, and usually you bet money that they will win. [V n to-inf] [V n] Roland Nilsson last night backed Sheffield Wednesday to win the UEFA Cup... 昨晚罗兰·尼尔森打赌谢菲尔德周三队会捧得欧洲联盟杯。 The horse's owner Mr Hitchins backed him at 200-1 to finish in the first three... 马的主人希钦斯先生以200比1的赔率赌它获得前三名。 It is upsetting to discover that you have backed a loser. 发现自己的投注对象输了是一件让人心烦的事。 5 [VERB 动词]为…伴奏（或伴唱） If a singer is backed by a band or by other singers, they provide the musical background for the singer. [be V-ed by n] [usu passive] She was backed by acoustic guitar, bass and congas. 原声吉他、贝斯和康茄鼓为她伴奏。 6 See also:backing ；相关词组： back away back down back off back out back up
Oxford	back ★ / bæk ; NAmE bæk / noun , adjective , adverb , verb back backs backed backing noun ★ part of body 身体部位 1 ★ the part of the human body that is on the opposite side to the chest, between the neck and the tops of the legs; the part of an animal's body that correspondsto this （人体或动物的）背部，背；腰背 ◆ Do you sleep on your back or your front? 你睡觉是仰着还是趴着？ ◆ He stood with his back to the door. 他背对着门站着。 ◆ They had their hands tied behind their backs. 他们双手被反剪起来。 ◆ back pain 背痛 ◆ a back massage 背部按摩 ◆ A small boy rode on the elephant's back. 一个小男孩骑在大象背上。 ☞ collocationsat physical ☞see also bareback , horseback 2 ★ the row of bones in the middle of the back 脊柱；脊梁骨 SYN backbone , spine ◆ She broke her back in a riding accident. 她在一次骑马事故中摔断了脊梁骨。 ◆ He put his back out (= dislocatedsth in his back) lifting the crates. 他搬大木箱时脊椎脱了臼。 part furthest from front 后部 3 ★ [usually singular ] back(of sth) the part or area of sth that is furthest from the front 后部；后面；末尾 ◆ We could only get seats at the back (= of the room). 我们只能找到后排的座位。 ◆ I found some old photos at the back of the drawer. 我从抽屉尽里头找到一些旧照片。 ◆ He was shot in the back of the knee. 他被子弹击中了腘窝。 ◆ The house has three bedrooms at the front and two at the back. 房屋正面有三间卧室，后面两间。 ◆ ( BrE) There's room for three people in the back. 后排的空间可容三人。 ◆ ( NAmE) There's room for three people in back (= of a car, etc.). 后排的空间可容三人。 ◆ ( BrE) If you'd like to come round the back (= to the area behind the house),I'll show you the garden. 请到屋子后面看看花园。 ☞see also hardback , paperback , short back and sides of piece of paper 纸张 4 ★ [usually singular ] back(of sth) the part of a piece of paper, etc. that is on the opposite side to the one that has information or the most important information on it （文件等的）背面 ◆ Write your name on the back of the cheque. 把你的名字写在支票背面。 of book 书刊 5 ★ [usually singular ] back(of sth) the last few pages of a book, etc. （书等的）最后几页，末尾 ◆ The television guide is at the back of the paper. 电视节目指南在报纸的末尾。 of chair 椅子 6 the part of a chair, etc. against which you lean your back （椅子等的）靠背 -backed 靠背… 7 ( in adjectives 构成形容词 ) used to describe furniture that has the type of backmentioned （家具）…靠背的 ◆ a high-backed sofa 高靠背沙发 in sport 体育运动 8 (in sports 体育运动 ) a player whose main role is to defend their team's goal 后卫 ☞compare forward n. ☞see also fullback , halfback IDIOMS at/in the back of your mind if a thought, etc. is at the back of your mind,you are aware of it but it is not what you are mainly thinking about 在潜意识里；依稀记得 the ˌback of beˈyond ( informal) a place that is a long way from other houses, towns, etc. 偏僻地方；边远地区 ˌback to ˈback 1 if two people stand back to back,they stand with their backsfacing or touching each other 背靠背；背对背 ☞see also back-to-back 2 if two or more things happen back to back,they happen one after the other 接连地；接二连三 ★ ˌback to ˈfront ( BrE) ( NAmE back·wards ) if you put on a piece of clothing back to front,you make a mistake and put the backwhere the front should be （衣服）前后颠倒（或穿反） ◆ I think you've got that sweater on back to front. 我觉得你把毛衣前后穿反了。 ☞compare inside out at inside n. be glad, etc. to see the back of sb/sth ( informal) ( especially BrE) to be happy that you will not have to deal with or see sb/sth again because you do not like them or it 庆幸终于摆脱（不喜欢的人或事物） ◆ Was I pleased to see the back of her! 真高兴不会再见到她了！ ★ behind sb's ˈback without sb's knowledge or permission 背着某人；背地里；私下 ◆ Have you been talking about me behind my back? 你们是不是在背后说我的闲话？ ◆ They went ahead and sold it behind my back. 他们迳自背着我把它卖了。 ☞compare to sb's face at face n. be on sb's ˈback ( informal) to keep asking or telling sb to do sth that they do not want to do, in a way that they find annoying 缠磨；烦扰 break the ˈback of sth to finish the largest or most important part of a task 完成（任务等的）主要部份 get/put sb's ˈback up ( informal) to annoy sb 惹恼 ◆ That sort of attitude really gets my back up! 那种态度实在叫我恼火！ get off sb's ˈback ( informal) to stop annoying sb, for example by criticizing them, or asking them to do sth 不再烦扰某人（如停止批评或缠磨等） ◆ Just get off my back, will you! 请别烦我了好吗！ have (got) sb's ˈback ( NAmE) ( informal) to protect and support sb 保护，支持（某人） ◆ Don't worry, I've got your back. 别担心，我支持你。 have your ˌback to the ˈwall ( informal) to be in a difficult situation in which you are forced to do sth but are unable to make the choices that you would like 处于背水一战的境地；没有退路 off the ˌback of a ˈlorry ( BrE) ( informal, humorous) goods that fell off the back of a lorrywere probably stolen. People say or accept that they came ‘ off the back of a lorry ’to avoid saying or asking where they really came from. （指货物等）来路不明 on the back of sth as a result of an achievement or a success 由于（某项成就） ◆ The profits growth came on the back of a 26 per cent rise in sales. 利润增长来自 26% 的销售额增长。 (flat) on your back ( informal) in bed because you are ill/sick 因病卧床；卧病 ◆ She's been flat on her back for over a week now. 她卧病有一个多星期了。 ◆ ( figurative) The UK market was flat on its back (= business was very bad). （当时）英国的市场十分不景气。 put your ˈback into sth to use a lot of effort and energy on a particular task 全力以赴 ★ turn your back to turn so that you are facing in the opposite direction 扭头；转身 turn your back on sb/sth 1 ★ to move so that you are standing or sitting with your backfacing sb/sth 转身背对某人（或某物） ◆ When on stage, try not to turn your back on the audience. 在舞台上尽量不要背对观众。 2 ★ to reject sb/sth that you have previously been connected with 背弃；抛弃 ◆ She turned her back on them when they needed her. 他们需要她的时候，她却背弃了他们。 ☞more at cover v. , eye n. , know v. , pat n. , pat v. , push v. , rod , scratch v. , shirt , stab n. , stab v. , straw , water n. adjective ★ [only before noun ] away from front 在后 1 ★ located behind or at the back of sth 背后的；后面的；后部的 ◆ We were sitting in the back row. 我们坐在后排。 ◆ back teeth 臼齿 ◆ a back room (= one at the back of a building) 后室（位于建筑物后部） ◆ the back page of a newspaper 报纸最末一页 ☞compare front adj. (1 ) from past 过去 2 of or from a past time 过去的；旧时的 ◆ a back number of the magazine 一份过期杂志 owed 拖欠 3 owed for a time in the past 到期未付的；拖欠的 ◆ back pay/taxes/rent 欠薪╱税╱租金 phonetics 语音 4 ( phonetics 语音 ) (of a vowel 元音 ) produced with the back of the tongue in a higher position than the front, for example /ɑː / in English 舌后的，后位性的（舌高点位于口腔后部发音） ☞compare central5 () , front adj.2 () IDIOM on the back ˈburner ( informal) (of an idea, a plan, etc. 主意、计划等 ) left for the present time, to be done or considered later 暂时搁置 ☞compare on the front burner at front adj. ☞see also back-burner adverb ★ HELP For the special uses of backin phrasal verbs, look at the entries for the verbs. For example pay sb backis in the phrasal verb section at pay. back 在短语动词中的特殊用法见有关动词词条。如 pay sb back 在词条 pay 的短语动词部份。 away from front 后面 1 ★ away from the front or centre; behind you 向后；在后；在背面 ◆ I stepped back to let them pass. 我退后一步给他们让路。 ◆ Sit back and relax. 靠椅背坐好，放松放松。 ◆ You've combed your hair back. 你把头发往后梳了。 ◆ He turned and looked back. 他转身向后望。 ◆ She fell back towards the end of the race. 赛跑快结束时她落后了。 OPP forward at a distance 距离 2 ★ at a distance away from sth 与（某物）有距离 ◆ The barriers kept the crowd back. 障碍物拦住了人群。 ◆ Stand back and give me some room. 站远点儿，给我腾出些地方。 under control 受控制 3 ★ under control; prevented from being expressed or coming out 控制住；忍住 ◆ He could no longer hold back his tears. 他再也无法控制住眼泪。 as before 像先前 4 ★ to or into the place, condition, situation or activity where sb/sth was before 回原处；恢复原状 ◆ Put the book back on the shelf. 把书放回书架上。 ◆ Please give me my ball back. 请把我的球还给我。 ◆ He'll be back on Monday. 他星期一会回来。 ◆ It takes me an hour to walk there and back. 我步行往返要花一个小时。 ◆ Could you go back to the beginning of the story? 你能不能回到故事的开头？ ◆ She woke up briefly and then went back to sleep. 她醒了片刻又睡了。 ◆ We were right back where we started,only this time without any money. 我们回到了起点，只是这次一点钱也没有。 in past 过去 5 ★ in or into the past; ago 以前 ◆ The village has a history going back to the Middle Ages. 这个村子的历史可追溯至中世纪。 ◆ She left back inNovember. 她十一月已经离开了。 ◆ That was a few years back. 那是几年以前的事。 at a previous place 在原处 6 ★ at a place previously left or mentioned 在曾去过（或提到过）的地方；在前面 ◆ We should have turned left five kilometres back. 我们在五公里之前就该左拐的。 ◆ Back at home, her parents were worried. 在家中，她的父母很担心。 ◆ I can't wait to get back home. 我急不可待想赶回家。 in return 回应 7 ★ in return or reply 回报；回答 ◆ If he kicks me, I'll kick him back. 他要是踢我，我就踢他。 ◆ Could you call back later, please? 请稍后再打电话来好吗？ IDIOMS ★ ˌback and ˈforth from one place to another and back again repeatedly 反复来回 ◆ ferries sailing back and forth between the islands 往返于岛与岛之间的渡船 ˌback in the ˈday in the past 过去；从前；旧时 ◆ My dad's always talking about how great everything was back in the day. 我爸爸总是讲过去的一切如何如何的好。 back of sth ( NAmE) ( informal) behind sth 在某物的背后（或背面） ◆ the houses back of the church 位于教堂后面的房屋 ☞more at earth n. , square n. verb ★ move backwards 后退 1 ★ [intransitive , transitive ] to move or make sth move backwards （使）后退，倒退 + adv./prep. ◆ He backed against the wall, terrified. 他退到墙边，惊恐万分。 backsth + adv./prep. ◆ If you can't drive in forwards, try backing it in. 若不能开车正面驶入，不妨倒车进去。 ☞compare reverse v.6 () support 支持 2 ★ [transitive ] backsb/sth to give help or support to sb/sth 帮助；支持 ◆ Her parents backed her in her choice of career. 她父母支持她的职业选择。 ◆ Doctors have backed plans to raise the tax on cigarettes. 医生们对提高烟草税计划给予了支持。 ◆ The programme of economic reform is backed (= given financial support)by foreign aid. 经济改革计划得到外资援助。 ◆ a United Nations-backed peace plan 得到联合国支持的和平计划 bet money 下赌注 3 [transitive ] backsth to bet money on a horse in a race, a team in a competition, etc. 下赌注于（赛马、参赛队伍等） ◆ I backed the winner and won fifty pounds. 我押对了赌注，赢了五十英镑。 music 音乐 4 [transitive ] backsth to play or sing music that supports the main singer or instrument 伴奏；伴唱 ☞see also backing3 () cover back 覆盖背面 5 [transitive ] backsth (with sth) [usually passive ] to cover the back of sth in order to support or protect it （用某物）在…背后加固，给…加背衬 be behind 在后面 6 [transitive , usually passive ] backsth ( BrE) to be located behind sth 位于（某物）的后面；在…后面 ◆ The house is backed by fields. 房子的后面是田野。 IDIOM ˌback the wrong ˈhorse ( BrE) to support sb/sth that is not successful 下错赌注（支持了失败的一方或事情） PHRASAL VERBS ˌback aˈway (from sb/sth) to move away backwards from sb/sth that is frightening or unpleasant; to avoid doing sth that is unpleasant 躲避（可怕或讨厌的人或事物）；避免（做讨厌的事）；退避 ˌback ˈdown (on/from sth) ( NAmE also ˌback ˈoff ) to take back a demand, an opinion, etc. that other people are strongly opposed to; to admit defeat 放弃（别人强烈反对的要求、主张等）；认输 ◆ She refused to back down on a point of principle. 她在一个原则问题上拒绝让步。 ˌback ˈoff 1 to move backwards in order to get away from sb/sth frightening or unpleasant 退缩，退却（以躲避可怕或讨厌的人或事物） ◆ As the riot police approached, the crowd backed off. 随着防暴警察逼近，人群往后退却了。 2 to stop threatening, criticizing or annoying sb 停止威胁（或批评、骚扰） ◆ Back off! There's no need to yell at me. 走开点！没必要对我大喊大叫。 ◆ The press have agreed to back off and leave the couple alone. 新闻界同意退让，不再搅扰这对夫妇。 ˌback ˈoff (from sth) to choose not to take action, in order to avoid a difficult situation 放弃（采取行动）；退让 ◆ The government backed off from a confrontation. 政府放弃对抗。 ˌback ˈonto sth ( BrE) (of a building 建筑物 ) to have sth directly behind it 背向；背靠 ◆ Our house backs onto the river. 我们的房子背向河流。 ˌback ˈout (of sth) to decide that you are no longer going to take part in sth that has been agreed 退出；撒手 ◆ He lost confidence and backed out of the deal at the last minute. 他失去了信心，在最后一刻退出了协议。 ˌback ˈup \| ˌback sth↔ˈup to move backwards, especially in a vehicle 后退；倒（车） ◆ You can back up another two feet or so. 你可以再退两英尺左右。 ◆ I backed the car up to the door. 我把车倒到门前。 ˌback sb/sth↔ˈup 1 ★ to support sb/sth; to say that what sb says, etc. is true 支持；证实（某人所言） ◆ I'll back you up if they don't believe you. 如果他们不相信你，我会为你作证。 ◆ The writer doesn't back up his opinions with examples. 作者不用实例印证他的看法。 2 ★ to provide support for sb/sth 支持；支援 ◆ two doctors backed up by a team of nurses 由一组护士辅助的两名医生 ◆ The rebels backed up their demands with threats. 反叛者以恐吓手段要挟。 ☞related noun backup1 () ˌback sth↔ˈup ( computing 计 ) to prepare a second copy of a file, program, etc. that can be used if the main one fails or needs extra support 给（文件、程序等）做备份；备份 ☞related noun backup2 () WHICH WORD? 词语辨析 at the back / at the rear / behind ■ At the backand at the rearhave a similar meaning, but at the rearis used more in formal or official language. at the back 和 at the rear 意义相近，但 at the rear 多用于正式或官方语言： ◆ What’s that at the back of the fridge? 冰箱尽里头那东西是什么？ ◆ Smoking is only allowed at the rear of the aircraft. 只有飞机后舱允许抽烟。 It is more usual to talk about the back doorof a house but the rear exitof an aircraft or public building. If something is behindsomething else it is near to the back of it but not part of it. 指房子的后门较常用 back door，但飞机或公共建筑的后门较常用 rear exit。behind 指在后面，但不是其中的部份。 Compare 比较： ◆ Our room was at the back of the hotel. 我们的房间在旅馆靠后面的地方。 and 和 ◆ There’s a lovely wood just behind our hotel. 在我们旅馆的后面就有一片美丽的树林。 back / bæk ; NAmE bæk /
LDC	back1 adverb back2 noun back3 verb back4 adjective backback1 /bæk/ ●●● S1 W1 adverb Entry menu Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1return to place in, into, or to the place or position where someone or something was before: I’ll be back in a minute. Put that book back where you found it!back in/to/into etc Rory plugged the cable back into the socket. I feel like going back to bed.go/get/head etc back We ought to try and get back before it gets dark. He was back home by half past eleven. It’s possible to travel there and back in a day.GRAMMAR• You go back to a place: · We decided to go back to Athens.· I’m going back to school tomorrow.• You go back home: · It’s time to go back home. ✗Don’t say: go back to home2as before in or into the condition or situation you were in before: Gary woke at 4 am and couldn’t get back to sleep. It took me a long time to get my confidence back. If you decide to marry him, there will be no going back (=you will not be able to get back to your previous situation).go/get back to (doing) something There’s no way I’m going back to being poor. It’ll take a while for things to get back to normal.3previous place in or to a place where you lived or worked beforeback in/at She was the one who had fired him from his first job back in South Africa.back home (=in the place that you come from and think of as your home) It reminded me of evenings back home.4backwards in the opposite direction from the way you are facing OPP forwards: He glanced back at the house. Kirov stepped back a pace. She tilted her head back to look at him.5reply/reaction if you do something back, you do it as a reply or reaction to what someone has said or done: Can I call you back later? I’ll pay you back on Friday. ‘No, thanks!’ he shouted back. If he hits you, you just hit him back.6return something to somebody if you give something, get something etc back, you return it to the person who first had it, or you have it returned to you: Can we have our ball back, please? I want all my books back as soon as you’ve finished with them. Give me back that letter! It’s none of your business!7in the past in or towards a time in the past: a pile of newspapers dating back to the 1970s A lot of emotional problems can be traced back to childhood. Looking back on it, I should have known he was unhappy. At times, I think back to my life in Moscow.back in The house was built back in 1235.three years/two months etc back (=three years etc ago) His wife died a couple of years back. He called me a while back.8again once again: Go back over your work to check for any mistakes. Liverpool were back level again two minutes later with a superb goal.9sit/lie/lean back to sit or lie in a comfortable relaxed way: Sit back, relax, and enjoy the show!10away away from a surface, person, or thing: She pulled the bandage back very carefully. Her hair was brushed back from her face. The woman nodded and stood back, allowing Patrick to enter.11back and forth going in one direction and then in the opposite direction, and repeating this several times: We travel back and forth all the time between Canada and England. He was pacing back and forth.12towards beginning towards the beginning of a book, film, or computer document etc: Turn back to the summaries at the end of section 1.5. Clicking on the icon will take you back to the previous web page. Wind the tape back to the beginning. back1 adverb back2 noun back3 verb back4 adjective backback2 ●●● S1 W1 noun [countable] Entry menu Word Origin Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1part of your body a)the part of the body between the neck and legs, on the opposite side to the stomach and chest: The cat arched its back and hissed. My feet were sore and my back was aching. Keep your head up and your back straight. To avoid back problems, always bend your knees when you lift heavy objects. He lay on his back and gazed at the ceiling. Johnny was lying flat on his back in the middle of the floor. Anna stood with her back to the window.on somebody’s back (=carried on someone’s back) The girl appeared again, now with a little baby on her back. b)the bones between your neck and the top of your legs SYN spine: He broke his back in a motorbike accident.2not at front [usually singular] the part of something that is furthest from the front OPP front: a T-shirt with a picture of a snake on the backback of He kissed her on the back of her head. Her window faced the backs of the houses.in the back (of something) (=used especially about the back of a vehicle) Two men were sitting in the back of the car.at the back (of something) a small shop with an office at the backin back (of something) American English (=in or at the back of something) Kids should always wear seat belts, even in back.out back American English (=behind a house or other building) Tom’s working on the car out back.round/out the back British English (=behind a house or building) Have you looked round the back?3less important side [usually singular] the less important side or surface of something such as a piece of paper or card OPP front: Paul scribbled his address on the back of an envelope. The credits are listed on the back of the album.4part of seat the part of a seat that you lean against when you are sittingback of He rested his arm on the back of the sofa.5book/newspaper [usually singular] the last pages of a book or newspaper OPP frontat the back (of) The sports pages are usually at the back.in the back (of) The answers are in the back of the book.6at/in the back of your mind a thought that is at the back of your mind is one you try to ignore because you do not want it to be true: At the back of her mind was the thought that he might be with someone else.put/push something to the back of your mind He tried to push these uncomfortable thoughts to the back of his mind.7back to back a)with the backs towards each other: Stand back to back and we’ll see who’s tallest. b)happening immediately one after the other: He performed up to three times a day, often back to back. → back-to-back1 8back to front British English a)in an incorrect position so that what should be at the back is at the front: You’ve got your sweater on back to front. b)doing something the wrong way round and starting with the part that should be at the end: He got the commands back to front and the program didn’t work.9behind somebody’s back if you do something behind someone’s back, you do it without them knowing: I don’t like the idea of the two of them talking about me behind my back. I should have realized that he’d go behind my back (=do something without telling me).10when/while somebody’s back is turned if something happens when your back is turned, it happens when you are not able to see or know what someone is doing: What are your kids up to when your back is turned?11get/put somebody’s back up British English informal to annoy someone: Simone was the kind of person who was always putting people’s backs up.12get (somebody) off somebody’s back spoken to stop annoying someone with a lot of questions, criticisms etc, or to make someone stop annoying you in this way: Maybe the only way to get him off my back is to tell him the truth. Do me a favour and get off my back!13be on somebody’s back spoken to be trying to make someone do something they do not want to do: Why are you and Dad always on my back?14on the back of something as a result of something that already exists or something you have already done: The company should be able to generate business on the back of existing contracts.15on the backs of somebody using the work of a particular group to achieve something that they will not get any advantage from: Economic prosperity was won on the backs of the urban poor.16sports a defending player in a sports team SYN defender17the back of beyond informal a place that is a long way from other places and is difficult to get to: It’s a nice little cottage but it really is in the back of beyond.18be (flat) on your back a)to be lying on your back – used to emphasize that someone seems unlikely to get up soon: He was drunk and flat on his back on the street. b)to be so ill that you cannot get out of bed: Their best player was flat on his back in hospital. c)if a business, country, economy etc is on its back, it is not successful: The UK market was flat on its back.19put your back into it informal to work extremely hard at something: If we really put our backs into it, we could finish today.20be glad/delighted/pleased etc to see the back of somebody/something to be happy that someone is leaving or because you no longer have to deal with something: No, I’m not too upset that he left – in fact, I was glad to see the back of him. I can’t wait to see the back of this project, I can tell you (=I will be happy when it ends).21have your back to/against the wall informal to be in a difficult situation with no choice about what to do22at your back a)behind you: They had the wind at their backs as they set off. b)supporting you: Caesar marched into Rome with an army at his back.23on your back informal not polite if someone achieves something on their back, they achieve it by having sex with someone24high-backed/straight-backed/low-backed etc with a high, straight, low etc back: a high-backed chair → know something like the back of your hand at know1(3) , → turn your back on somebody/something at turn1(7) back1 adverb back2 noun back3 verb back4 adjective backback3 ●●● S2 W3 verb Entry menu Verb Table Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1support [transitive] a)to support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influence: The scheme has been backed by several major companies in the region. Some suspected that the rebellion was backed and financed by the US. government-backed loans b) (also back up) to support an idea by providing facts, proof etc: His claims are not backed by any scientific evidence.► see thesaurus at support GRAMMAR Back is usually passive in this meaning.2move backwards [intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive] to move backwards, or make someone or something move backwardsback into/out of/away from etc She backed into a doorway to let the crowds pass by.back somebody into/towards/out of etc something He began to back her towards the open door.back something into/towards/out of etc something I backed the car into the garage.3put something on the back [transitive] to put a material or substance onto the back of something, in order to protect it or make it stronger: The photograph is backed with cardboard. a plastic-backed shower curtainGRAMMAR Back is usually passive in this meaning.4be behind something [transitive] to be at the back of something or behind it: The Jandia Peninsula is a stretch of white sands backed by a mountain range.GRAMMAR Back is usually passive in this meaning.5music [transitive] to play or sing the music that supports the main singer or musician: They performed all their hits, backed by a 40-piece orchestra.GRAMMAR Back is usually passive in this meaning.6risk money [transitive] to risk money on whether a particular horse, dog, team etc wins something7back the wrong horse to support someone or something that is not successfulback away phrasal verb1to move backwards and away from someone or something, especially because you are frightenedback away from She backed away from the menacing look on his face.2to stop supporting a plan or idea, or stop being involved in somethingback away from The government has backed away from its nuclear weapons strategy.back down phrasal verb to admit that you are wrong or that you have lost an argument: Both sides have refused to back down.back off phrasal verb1to move backwards, away from someone or something: She backed off and then turned and ran.2to stop telling someone what to do, or stop criticizing them, especially so that they can deal with something themselves: I think you should back off for a while. Back off, Marc! Let me run my own life!3to stop supporting something, or decide not to do something you were planning to do: Jerry backed off when he realized how much work was involved.back off from The company has backed off from investing new money.back onto phrasal verb if a building backs onto something, its back faces it: The hotel backs onto St Mark’s Square.back out phrasal verb to decide not to do something that you had promised to do: It’s too late to back out now. After you’ve signed the contract, it will be impossible to back out.back out of The government is trying to back out of its commitment to reduce pollution.back up phrasal verb1back somebody/something ↔ up to say or show that what someone is saying is true: Jane would back me up if she were here. There’s no evidence to back up his accusations. These theories have not been backed up by research.2back somebody/something ↔ up to provide support or help for someone or something: The plan’s success depends on how vigorously the UN will back it up with action. The police officers are backed up by extra teams of people at the weekend. → backup 3to make a copy of information stored on a computer: Make sure you back up.back something ↔ up These devices can back up the whole system.back something ↔ up onto something Back all your files up onto a storage device or Cloud. → backup 4 especially American English to make a vehicle move backwards: The truck stopped and then backed up.back something ↔ up I backed the car up a little.5to move backwards: Back up a bit so that everyone can see. → backup 6if traffic backs up, it forms a long line of vehicles that cannot move: The traffic was starting to back up in both directions.7if a toilet, sink etc backs up, it becomes blocked so that water cannot flow out of it back1 adverb back2 noun back3 verb back4 adjective backback4 ●●● S2 W3 adjective [only before noun] Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1at or in the back of something OPP front: You’ll be sleeping in the back bedroom. Turn to the back page. I keep my keys in my back pocket. There was the sound of giggling from the back row. The rabbit had one of its back legs caught in a trap. → back door 2behind something, especially a building OPP front: the back garden We left by the back gate.3from the back: The back view of the hotel was even less appealing than the front.4back street/lane/road etc a street etc that is away from the main streets: a short cut down a back lane5back rent/taxes/pay etc money that someone owes from an earlier date6back issue/copy/number a copy of a magazine or newspaper from an earlier date7 technical a back vowel sound is made by lifting your tongue at the back of your mouth
WDF	back [bæk]backed, backing, backs CET4CET6考研IELTS r108 399602 116412 150862 58352 56291 17685 v1873 20932 4327 6142 3963 5047 1453 n322 134658 27331 56773 24877 19660 6017 j9433 2039 671 548 412 298 110 ADV145 8411948 NOUN415 3462800 VERB2360 559625 ADJ9571 59542 PREP31562 4071 Spoken: 501572894 backed[6042] backing[5745] backs[8363] 后退(24%)，后面(15%)，支持(15%)，后面的(11%)，后卫(10%)，向后的(7%)，靠背(7%)，向后地(5%)，背脊(3%)，后背(2%)，积欠的(1%) n.后面；背部；靠背；足球等的后卫；书报等的末尾 adj.后面的；过去的；拖欠的 vt.支持；后退；背书；下赌注 adv.以前；向后地；来回地；上溯；回来；回原处 vi.后退；背靠；倒退 n.(Back)人名；(西、英、德、法、瑞典、捷)巴克

Back Backed I Part Sth The Move ˌback

back

Spoken: