Question

hard hard ★★★★★/hɑ͟ː(r)d/1[ADJ-GRADED	能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]硬的；坚硬的；坚固的 Something that is hard is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken. He shuffled his feet on the hard wooden floor...他拖着脚在硬木地板上走动。Something cold and hard pressed into the back of his neck.一个冰冷梆硬的东西顶在了他的脖梗儿上。hardnessHe felt the hardness of the iron railing press against his spine.他感觉到硬邦邦的铁栏杆顶着自己的脊梁。2[ADJ-GRADED	能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]难做的；困难的 Something that is hard is very difficult to do or deal with.   [oft it v-link ADJ to-inf]It's hard to tell what effect this latest move will have...很难说最近这次行动会有什么结果。She found it hard to accept some of the criticisms directed towards her and her work...她发现某些针对自己和自己工作的批评意见很难接受。Our traveller's behaviour on the journey is hard to explain...我们的旅客一路上的行为让人很难解释。That's a very hard question.那是个很难的问题。3[ADV-GRADED	副词]努力地；使劲地 If you work hard doing something, you are very active or work intensely, with a lot of effort.   [ADV after v]  [ADJ n]I'll work hard. I don't want to let him down...我会努力工作，我不想让他失望。Am I trying too hard?我是不是努力过头了？Hard is also an adjective.I admired him as a true scientist and hard worker.我钦佩他是个真正的科学家和勤奋工作的人。4[ADJ-GRADED	能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]累人的；费力的；费劲的 Hard work involves a lot of activity and effort. Coping with three babies is very hard work...照顾3个宝宝是非常累人的活儿。...a hard day's work...一天的辛苦工作Their work is hard and unglamorous, and most people would find it boring.他们的工作又累又平淡，多数人会认为很乏味。5[ADV-GRADED	副词]仔细地；认真地 If you look, listen, or think hard, you do it carefully and with a great deal of attention.   [ADV after v]He looked at me hard...他使劲盯着我看。You had to listen hard to hear the old man breathe...你要仔细听才能听见老人的呼吸声。People are having to think hard about their holiday plans.人们现在得仔细地琢磨自己的度假计划。Hard is also an adjective.It might be worth taking a long hard look at your frustrations and resentments.认真仔细地审视一下自己的失落和不满情绪可能很有必要。6[ADV-GRADED	副词]猛力地；用力地 If you strike or take hold of something hard, you strike or take hold of it with a lot of force.   [ADV after v]I kicked a dustbin very hard and broke my toe.我狠狠地踢了一脚垃圾箱，结果脚趾骨折了。Hard is also an adjective.He gave her a hard push which toppled her backwards into an armchair.他用力推了她一下，她就向后跌坐在一把扶手椅里。7[ADV-GRADED	副词]强烈地；猛烈的；长时间地 You can use hard to indicate that something happens intensely and for a long time.   [ADV after v]I've never seen Terry laugh so hard...我从未见过特里如此放声大笑。It was snowing hard by then.当时雪下得很大。8[ADJ-GRADED	能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]冷酷无情的；心肠硬的 If a person or their expression is hard, they show no kindness or sympathy.   [usu ADJ n]His father was a hard man...他的父亲是个冷酷无情的人。Kate realized that the previous hard look on Maggie's face had been a mask.凯特意识到玛吉原先的那副冷酷表情其实是装出来的。9[ADJ-GRADED	能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]苛刻的；严厉的；不友善的 If you are hard on someone, you treat them severely or unkindly.   [v-link ADJ on n]  [ADV after v]Don't be so hard on him.别对他太苛刻了。Hard is also an adverb.He said the security forces would continue to crack down hard on the protestors.他说安全部队会继续严厉镇压抗议者。10[ADJ-GRADED	能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]有害的；不利的 If you say that something is hard on a person or thing, you mean it affects them in a way that is likely to cause them damage or suffering.   [v-link ADJ on n]The grey light was hard on the eyes...光线暗淡对眼睛不利。These last four years have been hard on them.过去的这四年里他们吃了不少苦。11[ADJ-GRADED	能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]（生活、一段日子）艰难的，艰苦的 If you have a hard life or a hard period of time, your life or that period is difficult and unpleasant for you. It had been a hard life for her...对她而言，那是一段非常艰苦的生活。Those were hard times.那些岁月是非常艰难的。hardnessIn America, people don't normally admit to the hardness of life.在美国，人们通常不承认生活过得艰苦。12[ADJ-GRADED	能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]非常寒冷的；凛冽的 A hard winter or a hard frost is a very cold one.   [usu ADJ n]...a prolonged period of hard frost...漫长的强霜冻期I am expecting a long, hard winter.我估计冬天会漫长而寒冷。13[ADJ-GRADED	能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]（颜色）刺目的，晃眼的；（声音）刺耳的，难听的 Hard colours or sounds are harsh or bright and unpleasant to see or hear.   [usu ADJ n]The sea was a hard blue.大海呈一片耀眼的蓝色。14[ADJ	形容词]（证据、资料）可靠的，确凿的 Hard evidence or facts are definitely true and do not need to be questioned.   [ADJ n]He wanted more hard evidence...他想要更多确凿的证据。There are probably fewer hard facts about the life of Henry Purcell than that of any other great composer since the Renaissance.有关亨利·普赛尔生平的可靠资料可能比任何其他文艺复兴以来的伟大作曲家都要少。15[ADJ-GRADED	能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]（水质）硬的（指含钙化合物较多） Hard water contains a lot of calcium compounds that stop soap making bubbles and sometimes appear as a deposit in kettles and baths. 16[ADJ	形容词]（毒品）毒性强的，烈性的 Hard drugs are very strong illegal drugs such as heroin or cocaine.   [ADJ n]17[ADJ	形容词]（语音）发硬音的 In phonetics, a hard sound is one such as 'c' or 'g' as pronounced in the words 'cat' or 'give', and not as in the words 'cinema' or 'general'. 18[PREP-PHRASE	短语介词]离…很近的 If one thing is hard by another, it is very close to it.   [OLD-FASHIONED 过时]Paradise Street was a short, crowded street near the railway station and hard by the factory.天堂街是火车站附近一条拥挤的小街道，离该工厂很近。19[PHRASE	短语]受到不公平待遇的；委屈的 If you feel hard done by, you feel that you have not been treated fairly.   [v-link PHR]  [BRIT 英]The hall porter was feeling hard done by at having to extend his shift.酒店行李搬运工因为被迫延长当班时间而愤愤不平。20[PHRASE	短语]困难的；艰难的 If you say that something is hard going, you mean it is difficult and requires a lot of effort.   [usu v-link PHR]The talks had been hard going at the start.会谈从一开始就举步维艰。21[PHRASE	短语]受到沉重打击的；受严重影响的 To be hard hit by something means to be affected very severely by it.   [usu v-link PHR]California's been particularly hard hit by the recession.加利福尼亚受经济衰退的影响尤为严重。22[PHRASE	短语]佯装不感兴趣；故意摆谱 If someone plays hard to get, they pretend not to be interested in another person or in what someone is trying to persuade them to do.   [V inflects]I wanted her and she was playing hard to get.我想得到她，但她却故意装出不感兴趣的样子。23[PHRASE	短语]十分困难的；处于困境的 If someone is hard put to do something or, in British English if they are hard pushed to do something, they have great difficulty doing it.   [usu v-link PHR to-inf]Mr Morton is undoubtedly cleverer than Mr Kirkby, but he will be hard put to match his popularity.莫顿先生无疑比柯克比先生更聪明，但他将很难像柯克比先生那样受人欢迎。24[PHRASE	短语]为…而非常苦恼（或难受）；因…而沮丧 If you take something hard, you are very upset or depressed by it.   [V inflects]Maybe I just took it too hard.可能我真的对此事太过耿耿于怀。 hard1 adjectivehard2 adverbhardhard1 /hɑːd $ hɑːrd/ ●●● S1 W1 adjective (comparative harder, superlative hardest)  Entry menu Word Origin Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases Word family 1firm to touch firm, stiff, and difficult to press down, break, or cut  OPP  soft:  a hard wooden chair the hardest substance known to man After months without rain, the ground was too hard to plough.2difficult difficult to do or understand  SYN  difficult  OPP  easy:  This year’s exam was much harder than last year’s. You’ll have to make some hard decisions. They’re a hard team to beat.it is hard to believe/imagine/see/know etc It was hard to see what else we could have done. It’s hard to believe that anyone would say something like that.find it hard to do something I was finding it hard to concentrate. Permanent jobs are hard to come by (=difficult to find or get).be hard for somebody It must be hard for her, bringing up three kids on her own. Telling my parents is going to be the hardest thing about it.have a hard time doing something (=be difficult for someone to do something) You’ll have a hard time proving that. I had a hard time persuading him to accept the offer. Such criticism was hard to take (=difficult to accept).► see thesaurus at difficult3work/effort [usually before noun] using or involving a lot of mental or physical effort:  To be successful in sport requires hard work and a great deal of determination. After a hard day at work, I just want to come home and put my feet up.a hard day’s work/walking/skiing etc There’s a sauna where you can relax after a hard day’s skiing. Becoming a doctor never interested him. It was too much like hard work (=it would involve too much work).► see thesaurus at tiring4full of problems a situation or time that is hard is one in which you have a lot of problems, especially when you do not have enough money:  She’s had a hard life. Times were hard and they were forced to sell their house. He had clearly fallen on hard times (=did not have much money).5be hard on somebody a)to criticize someone in a way that is unfair, or to be too strict with them:  Perhaps I’m too hard on her. b)to have a bad effect on someone:  Divorce can be very hard on children.6be hard on something to have a bad effect on something:  Standing all day is very hard on the feet.7 do something the hard way to learn, achieve, or do something after a bad experience or by making mistakes:  He learned the hard way about the harsh reality of the boxing world. Make sure you put the baby’s diaper on before you start feeding her. I learned this lesson the hard way. He earned his promotion the hard way.8using force using a lot of force:  Jane gave the door a good hard push. She gave him a hard slap.9 hard evidence/facts/information etc facts that are definitely true and can be proved:  There is no hard evidence to support this theory.10unkind showing no sympathetic or gentle feelings:  a hard face Her voice was hard and cold. You’re a hard man, John.11hard going a)difficult to do and needing a lot of effort:  A strong wind made the race very hard going. b)boring, or difficult to deal with, talk to etc:  I find some of his friends pretty hard going.12 make hard work of something to make something you are doing seem more difficult than it really is:  Juventus were making hard work of what should have been an easy game.13 be hard at it/work informal to be very busy doing something:  Sarah was hard at it on her computer.14water hard water contains a lot of minerals, and does not mix easily with soap  OPP  soft15hard luck a)British English spoken used to tell someone that you feel sorry for them because they have not succeeded in what they were trying to do:  ‘I failed my driving test.’ ‘Oh, hard luck!’ b)when bad things happen to you that are not your fault:  You’ve had your share of hard luck.hard on It was hard luck on you. c)spoken (also hard cheese British English) used to say that you do not care if someone is having problems, does not like something etc:  If you don’t like the idea then hard luck!16give somebody a hard time informal a)to treat someone badly or cause problems for them:  Giving you a hard time, is she? They reached the border where officials gave them a hard time. b)to criticize someone a lot:  Hostile critics have given Hartman a hard time.17have a hard time to have a lot of problems or bad experiences:  I’m glad she’s happy at last – she’s had such a hard time. Vegetarians still often have a hard time of it when it comes to eating out.18drive/strike a hard bargain to demand a lot or refuse to give too much when you are making an agreement:  The company is believed to have struck a hard bargain.19hard feelings a)anger between people because of something that has happened:  We’d known each other too long for hard feelings. I have no hard feelings towards Steve. b)no hard feelings spoken used to tell someone that you do not want to be angry with them or for them to be angry with you:  I’m sorry it didn’t work out, but no hard feelings, eh?20 take a (long) hard look at something/somebody to think carefully about something, especially with the result that you change your opinions or behaviour:  You should take a long hard look at the issues before committing yourself.21hard line a strict way of dealing with someone or something:  The president should abandon his hard line in the region.take/adopt a hard line (on something) The school takes a very hard line on drugs.22hard news news stories that are about serious subjects or events:  TV news programs seem to be more interested in gossip than in hard news.23not frightened British English spoken strong, ready to fight, and not afraid of anyone or anything:  He thinks he’s really hard. Jones was known as soccer’s hard man.24 (as) hard as nails someone who is hard as nails seems to have no feelings such as fear or sympathy25 a hard taskmaster/master someone who makes people work too hard26 a hard winter/frost a very cold winter or frost  OPP  mild27the hard left/right people who have extreme left-wing or right-wing political aims and ideas  SYN  far left/right, extreme:  concerns about the re-emergence of the hard right in some areas28light especially literary hard light is bright and unpleasant  SYN  harsh:  the hard brilliance of the moonlight29alcohol [only before noun] informal very strong:  hard liquor I never touch the hard stuff (=strong alcohol). →hard drugs30 a hard left/right a big turn to the left or right, for example when you are driving  SYN  sharp31pronunciation a hard ‘c’ is pronounced /k/ rather than /s/; a hard ‘g’ is pronounced /g/ rather than /dz/ → soft—hardness noun [uncountable]:  a material that would combine the flexibility of rubber with the hardness of glassTHESAURUShard difficult to press down, break, or cut, and not at all soft: · I fell onto the hard stone floor.· The clay gets harder as it dries.firm not completely hard, but not easy to press or bend – used especially when this seems a good thing: · I like to sleep on a firm mattress.· exercises to make your stomach muscles nice and firm· The pears were firm and juicy.stiff difficult to bend and not changing shape: · a piece of stiff cardboard· The collar of his shirt felt stiff and uncomfortable.solid made of a thick hard material and not hollow: · a solid oak door· The floor felt strong and solid beneath her feet.rigid /ˈrɪdʒəd/ having a structure that is made of a material that is difficult or impossible to bend: · The tent is supported by a rigid frame.· Carry sandwiches in a rigid container.crisp/crispy used about food that is pleasantly hard, so that it makes a noise when you bite it – often used about things that have been cooked in thin slices until they are brown: · Bake the cookies until they are crisp and golden.· crispy baconcrunchy food that is crunchy makes a noise when you bite on it – often used about things that are fresh, for example fruit, vegetables, and nuts: · a crunchy breakfast cereal· The carrots were still nice and crunchy.· a crunchy salad· crunchy peanut buttertough meat that is tough is too hard and is difficult to cut or eat: · The meat was tough and flavourless.rubbery too hard and bending like rubber rather than breaking – used especially about meat: · The chicken was all rubbery.COLLOCATIONS CHECKfirm bed/muscles/fruit/vegetables/groundstiff card/cardboard/collar/material/fingers/bodysolid wood/steel/concrete/floor/wallrigid frame/structurecrisp/crispy apple/bacon/toast/potato/lettucecrunchy cereal/vegetables/nuts/snacktough meatrubbery meathard1 adjectivehard2 adverbhardhard2 ●●● S1 W2 adverb (comparative harder, superlative hardest)  Entry menu Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases Word family 1using energy/effort using a lot of effort, energy, or attention:  She has worked hard all her life. He had thought long and hard before getting involved with the project. She tried her hardest to ignore what he’d said. Ella was concentrating very hard. I couldn’t convince him no matter how hard I tried.2with force with a lot of force:  You need to hit the ball hard. He slammed the door hard behind him. It was raining very hard.3become solid becoming solid, stiff, or firm:  By now the cement had set hard.4be hard hit/be hit hard to be badly affected by something that has happened:  Sales were hard hit by high interest rates.5be hard put/pressed/pushed to do something informal to have difficulty doing something:  You’d be hard pressed to find anyone better for the job. →hard-pressed6be/feel hard done by informal to be or feel unfairly treated:  As a child I felt hard done by, living so far away from my friends.7take something hard to be very upset about something, especially bad news:  Alan took his mother’s death particularly hard.8hard upon/on something British English formal soon after something:  His second major contract followed hard upon the first.9laugh/cry hard to laugh, cry etc a lot →hard by, hard up, → (hard/hot/close) on somebody’s heelsat heel1, → (hard/hot/close) on the heels of somethingat heel1, → play hard to getat play1(23)

Accepted Answer

jEPoK/1xFvkT+4I2iOf8Ean3ozJkKdgF1MqOIwj448kChAeSZLj/xJBCo6/a1i3ivvAPGTOB9Xw7wLouEPUSFBGxJ/w5Rg6gF4wLfnXAr3Y6azuN+dG8Roh1SX0+fG4s2Ecdylao35eEa6pPqN6X8OPj6LeDCI1+rHGpl8j6KWv7MqOz6jljwz1kS+K7rs8HQdbxM/4aVQqaysyNV93CHg==             hard              ★                    /        hɑːd                ;          NAmE                hɑːrd                /                              adjective                ,                  adverb                            hard      hards      harder      hardest                            adjective        ★                                        (              hard·er        ,        hard·est            )              solid/stiff        坚固；坚硬                    1        ★                  solid, firm or stiff and difficult to bend or break            坚固的；坚硬的；结实的                                    ◆          Wait for the concrete to go hard.          等待混凝土凝结。                          ◆          a hard mattress          硬床垫                          ◆          Diamonds are the hardest known mineral.          钻石是已知的最坚硬的矿石。                          OPP                                                    soft                                                                difficult        不易                    2        ★                  difficult to do, understand or answer            难做的；难懂的；难以回答的                                    ◆          a hard choice/question          为难的选择；难以回答的问题                          hardto do sth                          ◆          It is            hard to believethat she's only nine.                    很难相信她只有九岁。                          ◆          It's            hard to seehow they can lose.                    很难理解他们怎么会输。                          ◆          ‘When will the job be finished?’ ‘It's            hard to say.’            (= it is difficult to be certain)                    “这项工作什么时候能完成？”“难说。”                          ◆          I find his attitude very            hard to take            (= difficult to accept).                    他的态度让我难以接受。                          ◆          We're finding reliable staff            hard to come by            (= difficult to get).                    我们觉得难以找到可靠的职员。                          hardfor sb (to do sth)                          ◆          It's hard for old people to change their ways.          老年人难以改变他们的习惯。                          ◆          It must be hard for her, bringing up four children on her own.          她一个人抚养四个孩子一定很艰难。                          OPP                                                    easy                                                                3        ★                  full of difficulty and problems, especially because of a lack of money            困苦的；艰苦的；艰难的                                    SYN                                                    tough                                                              ◆          Times were hard at the end of the war.          战争后期生活很艰苦。                          ◆          She's had a hard life.          她一生艰苦。                          OPP                                                    easy                                                                needing/using effort        费力；用力                    4        ★                  needing or using a lot of physical strength or mental effort            耗费体力（或脑力）的；辛苦的                                    ◆          It's            hard workshovelling snow.                    铲雪是个苦活儿。                          ◆          I've had a long hard day.          我度过了漫长辛苦的一天。                          ☞synonyms at                                                    difficult                                                                5        ★                  (of people          人          )                          putting a lot of effort or energy into an activity            努力的；勤劳的                                    ◆          She's a very hard worker.          她工作很卖力。                          ◆          He's            hard at workon a new novel.                    他正努力忙着写一本新小说。                          ◆          When I left they were all still            hard at it            (= working hard).                    我离开的时候他们都还在努力工作。                          ☞synonyms at                                                    difficult                                                                6        ★                  done with a lot of strength or force            用力的；猛烈的                                    ◆          He gave the door a good hard kick.          他狠狠踢了一下门。                          ◆          a hard punch          砰的一拳                            without sympathy        缺乏同情心                    7        ★                  showing no sympathy or affection            冷酷无情的；硬心肠的；苛刻的                                    ◆          My father was a hard man.          我父亲是个不讲情面的人。                          ◆          She gave me a hard stare.          她狠狠地看了我一眼。                          ◆          He said some very hard things to me.          他对我说了些很不近人情的话。                            not afraid        不畏惧                    8        (          informal)                          (of people          人          )                          ready to fight and showing no signs of fear or weakness            准备战斗的；不软弱退缩的                                    ◆          Come and get me if you think you're hard enough.          你要是觉得自己有种，就冲着我来吧。                          ◆          You think you're really hard, don't you?          你是不是以为自己真的很勇猛？                            facts/evidence        事实；证据                    9                  [only before noun          ]                          definitely true and based on information that can be proved            确凿的；可证实的；可靠的                                    ◆          Is there any            hard evidenceeither way?                    不管正反，有什么确凿证据吗？                          ◆          The newspaper story is based on            hard facts.                    报纸的这篇报道有可靠的事实根据。                            weather        天气                    10                  very cold and severe            寒冷的；凛冽的                                    ◆          It had been a            hard winter.                    那年的冬天特别冷。                          ◆          There was a            hard frostthat night.                    那天晚上寒冷多霜。                          ☞compare                                                    mild                                                   adj.                           (2              )                                                  drink        饮料                    11                  [only before noun          ]                          strongly alcoholic            酒精浓度高的；烈性的                                    ◆                      hard liquor                    烈酒                          ◆          (            informal)                    a drop of            the hard stuff            (= a strong alcoholic drink)                    少许烈酒                          ☞compare                                                    soft drink                                                                water        水                    12                  containing            calciumand other mineral salts that make mixing with soap difficult            硬的（含钙及镁盐较多）                                    ◆          a            hard waterarea                    硬水区                          ◆          Our water is very hard.          我们的水很硬。                          OPP                                                    soft                                                                consonants        辅音                    13                  (            phonetics              语音            )                    used to describe a letter            cor            gwhen pronounced as in ‘cat’ or ‘go’, rather than as in ‘city’ or ‘giant’            硬音的（如字母 c 或 g 在 cat 或 go 等词中的发音）                                    OPP                                                    soft                                                                                  ▶                hard·ness                  /          hɑːdnəs                    ;            NAmE                    hɑːrdnəs                    /                          noun                          [uncountable          ]                                      ◆          water hardness          水的硬度                          ◆          hardness of heart          硬心肠                            IDIOMS              be ˈhard on sb/sth                  1          ★                      to treat or criticize sb in a very severe or strict way              严厉对待，严格批评（某人或某事）                                            ◆            Don't be too hard on him—he's very young.            别对他太苛刻了，他还很小呢。                                    2          ★                      to be difficult for or unfair to sb/sth              使…为难；对…不公平                                            ◆            It's hard on people who don't have a car.            对于没有车的人来说，这不公平。                                    3                      to be likely to hurt or damage sth              可能损伤，可能损坏（某物）                                            ◆            Looking at a computer screen all day can be very hard on the eyes.            成天盯着计算机屏幕可能会对眼睛造成严重损害。                                      drive/strike a hard ˈbargain                              to argue in an aggressive way and force sb to agree on the best possible price or arrangement              狠狠地杀价                                                  give sb a hard ˈtime                              to deliberately make a situation difficult and unpleasant for sb              给某人找茬儿；使某人不好过                                            ◆            They really gave me a hard time at the interview.            面试时他们确实是在难为我。                                      ˌhard and ˈfast                              (              especially after a negative                尤用于否定词后              )                        that cannot be changed in any circumstances              板上钉钉；不容更改                                            ◆            There are              no hard and fast rulesabout this.                        这事没有什么硬性的规定。                                      (as) ˌhard as ˈnails                              showing no sympathy, kindness or fear              冷酷无情；铁石心肠；毫无惧色                                                  ˌhard ˈcheese                              (              BrE) (              informal)                        used as a way of saying that you are sorry about sth, usually              ironically              (= you really mean the opposite)              （常作反话）太不幸了，真够倒霉                                                  ˌhard ˈgoing                              difficult to understand or needing a lot of effort              难懂；费力                                            ◆            I'm finding his latest novel very hard going.            我觉得他最近的这部小说很晦涩。                                      ˌhard ˈluck/ˈlines                              (              BrE)                        used to tell sb that you feel sorry for them              （表示惋惜）真遗憾，太不幸了                                            ◆            ‘Failed again, I'm afraid.’ ‘Oh, hard luck.’            “恐怕我又失败了。”“哦，太不幸了。”                                      the ˈhard way                              by having an unpleasant experience or by making mistakes              通过痛苦的经历；通过出错                                            ◆            She won't listen to my advice so she'll just have to              learn the hard way.                        她不肯听我的忠告，所以只好吃了苦头才知道厉害。                                      make hard ˈwork of sth                              to use more time or energy on a task than is necessary              在某事上耗费过多时间（或精力）；费冤枉力                                                  no hard ˈfeelings                              used to tell sb you have been arguing with or have beaten in a contest that you would still like to be friendly with them              （向争论或打败的对方表示继续友好）别往心里去，别记恨                                            ◆            It looks like I'm the winner again. No hard feelings, Dave, eh?            看来我又赢了。你不会不高兴吧，戴夫？                                      play hard to ˈget                              (              informal)                        to make yourself seem more attractive or interesting by not immediately accepting an invitation to do sth              故作姿态；故意摆谱；佯装拿架子                                                  too much like hard ˈwork                              needing too much effort              太费力                                            ◆            I can't be bothered making a hot meal—it's too much like hard work.            我懒得做热饭热菜，太麻烦了。                                      ☞more at                                    act                                   n.            ,                                    job                              ,                                    long                                   adj.            ,                                    nut                                   n.            ,                                    rock                                   n.                                  adverb        ★                                  (              hard·er        ,        hard·est            )              with effort        努力                    1        ★                  with great effort; with difficulty            努力地；费力地；艰难地                                    ◆          to            work hard                    努力工作                          ◆          You must            try harder.                    你得更加努力。                          ◆          She            tried her hardestnot to show how disappointed she was.                    她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。                          ◆          Don't hit it so hard!          别这么用力打！                          ◆          He was still breathing hard after his run.          他跑完步，现在还气喘吁吁的。                          ◆          Our victory was hard won            (= won with great difficulty).                    我们的胜利来之不易。                            with force        猛力                    2        ★                  with great force            猛力地；猛烈地:                                    ◆          (            figurative)                    Small businesses have been            hit hard/            hard hitby the recession.                    小企业受到了经济衰退的沉重打击。                            carefully        仔细                    3        ★                  very carefully and thoroughly            彻底认真地                                    ◆          to think hard          认真思考                          ◆          We thought            long and hardbefore deciding to move house.                    我们经过长久慎重的考虑之后才决定搬家。                            a lot        大量                    4                  heavily; a lot or for a long time            沉重地；大量地；长时间地                                    ◆          It was            raining hardwhen we set off.                    我们出发时正下着大雨。                            left/right        左；右                    5                  at a sharp angle to the left/right            向左（或右）急转弯                                    ◆          Turn hard right at the next junction.          在下个路口处向右急转弯。                            IDIOMS              be/feel hard ˈdone by                              (              informal)                        to be or feel unfairly treated              受到不公平待遇；感到委屈                                            ◆            She has every right to feel hard done by—her parents have given her nothing.            她觉得委屈完全合理，她父母什么都没给她。                                      be ˌhard ˈpressed/ˈpushed to do sth | be hard ˈput (to it) to do sth                              to find it very difficult to do sth              很难做某事                                            ◆            He was hard put to it to explain her disappearance.            他觉得她的消失很难解释得通。                                      be hard ˈup for sth                              to have too few or too little of sth              某物匮乏                                            ◆            We're hard up for ideas.            我们再想不出主意了。                                ☞see also                                                            hard up                                                                                ˈhard on sth                              very soon after              紧接着                                            ◆            His death followed hard on hers.            她死后不久，他也死了。                                      take sth ˈhard                              to be very upset by sth              为某事很苦恼（或难受）                                            ◆            He took his wife's death very hard.            他对妻子的死感到很难过。                                      ☞more at                                    die                                   v.            ,                                    heel                                   n.                        WHICH WORD? 词语辨析                                      hard / hardly                      ■            The adverb from the adjective              hardis              hard.              形容词 hard 的副词为 hard：                                      ◆              I have to work hard today.              今天我得努力工作。                                                  ◆              She has thought very hard about her future plans.              她曾经悉心思考她未来的计划。                                                  ◆              It was raining hard outside.              外面雨下得很大。                                            ■                          Hardlyis an adverb meaning ‘almost not’.                              *hardly 为副词，意为几乎不、几乎没有：                                                    ◆              I hardly ever go to concerts.              我很少去听音乐会。                                                  ◆              I can hardly wait for my birthday.              我迫切等待着我的生日。                        It cannot be used instead of              hard.              该词不能代替 hard：                                      ◆              I’ve been working hardly today.                                                  ◆              She has thought very hardly about her future plans.                                                  ◆              It was raining hardly outside.                                            ■            ➱ note at              hardly                                                      hard              /        hɑːd                ;          NAmE                hɑːrd                /                    hard·ness              /        hɑːdnəs                ;          NAmE                hɑːrdnəs                /             hard[hɑ:d]级别:harder, hardestCET4CET6TEM4考研IELTSj43894488238981921823544195878241r76855196109461929311206102943457ADJ4543204022ADV10461487202Spoken:246321520harder[28162] hardest[7898]努力地(33%)，困难的(26%)，硬的(21%)，严重地(4%)，残酷的(3%)，棘手的(3%)，确凿的(2%)，坚定地(2%)，用力的(2%)，强烈地(2%)，坚强的(2%)adj.努力的；硬的；困难的；辛苦的；确实的；严厉的；猛烈的；冷酷无情的adv.努力地；困难地；辛苦地；接近地；猛烈地；牢固地n.(Hard)人名；(英、芬、瑞典)哈德

word	hard
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Collins	hard ★★★★★ /hɑ͟ː(r)d/ 1 [ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]硬的；坚硬的；坚固的 Something that is hard is very firm and stiff to touch and is not easily bent, cut, or broken. He shuffled his feet on the hard wooden floor... 他拖着脚在硬木地板上走动。 Something cold and hard pressed into the back of his neck. 一个冰冷梆硬的东西顶在了他的脖梗儿上。 hardness He felt the hardness of the iron railing press against his spine. 他感觉到硬邦邦的铁栏杆顶着自己的脊梁。 2 [ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]难做的；困难的 Something that is hard is very difficult to do or deal with. [oft it v-link ADJ to-inf] It's hard to tell what effect this latest move will have... 很难说最近这次行动会有什么结果。 She found it hard to accept some of the criticisms directed towards her and her work... 她发现某些针对自己和自己工作的批评意见很难接受。 Our traveller's behaviour on the journey is hard to explain... 我们的旅客一路上的行为让人很难解释。 That's a very hard question. 那是个很难的问题。 3 [ADV-GRADED 副词]努力地；使劲地 If you work hard doing something, you are very active or work intensely, with a lot of effort. [ADV after v] [ADJ n] I'll work hard. I don't want to let him down... 我会努力工作，我不想让他失望。 Am I trying too hard? 我是不是努力过头了？ Hard is also an adjective. I admired him as a true scientist and hard worker. 我钦佩他是个真正的科学家和勤奋工作的人。 4 [ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]累人的；费力的；费劲的 Hard work involves a lot of activity and effort. Coping with three babies is very hard work... 照顾3个宝宝是非常累人的活儿。 ...a hard day's work... 一天的辛苦工作 Their work is hard and unglamorous, and most people would find it boring. 他们的工作又累又平淡，多数人会认为很乏味。 5 [ADV-GRADED 副词]仔细地；认真地 If you look, listen, or think hard, you do it carefully and with a great deal of attention. [ADV after v] He looked at me hard... 他使劲盯着我看。 You had to listen hard to hear the old man breathe... 你要仔细听才能听见老人的呼吸声。 People are having to think hard about their holiday plans. 人们现在得仔细地琢磨自己的度假计划。 Hard is also an adjective. It might be worth taking a long hard look at your frustrations and resentments. 认真仔细地审视一下自己的失落和不满情绪可能很有必要。 6 [ADV-GRADED 副词]猛力地；用力地 If you strike or take hold of something hard, you strike or take hold of it with a lot of force. [ADV after v] I kicked a dustbin very hard and broke my toe. 我狠狠地踢了一脚垃圾箱，结果脚趾骨折了。 Hard is also an adjective. He gave her a hard push which toppled her backwards into an armchair. 他用力推了她一下，她就向后跌坐在一把扶手椅里。 7 [ADV-GRADED 副词]强烈地；猛烈的；长时间地 You can use hard to indicate that something happens intensely and for a long time. [ADV after v] I've never seen Terry laugh so hard... 我从未见过特里如此放声大笑。 It was snowing hard by then. 当时雪下得很大。 8 [ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]冷酷无情的；心肠硬的 If a person or their expression is hard, they show no kindness or sympathy. [usu ADJ n] His father was a hard man... 他的父亲是个冷酷无情的人。 Kate realized that the previous hard look on Maggie's face had been a mask. 凯特意识到玛吉原先的那副冷酷表情其实是装出来的。 9 [ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]苛刻的；严厉的；不友善的 If you are hard on someone, you treat them severely or unkindly. [v-link ADJ on n] [ADV after v] Don't be so hard on him. 别对他太苛刻了。 Hard is also an adverb. He said the security forces would continue to crack down hard on the protestors. 他说安全部队会继续严厉镇压抗议者。 10 [ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]有害的；不利的 If you say that something is hard on a person or thing, you mean it affects them in a way that is likely to cause them damage or suffering. [v-link ADJ on n] The grey light was hard on the eyes... 光线暗淡对眼睛不利。 These last four years have been hard on them. 过去的这四年里他们吃了不少苦。 11 [ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]（生活、一段日子）艰难的，艰苦的 If you have a hard life or a hard period of time, your life or that period is difficult and unpleasant for you. It had been a hard life for her... 对她而言，那是一段非常艰苦的生活。 Those were hard times. 那些岁月是非常艰难的。 hardness In America, people don't normally admit to the hardness of life. 在美国，人们通常不承认生活过得艰苦。 12 [ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]非常寒冷的；凛冽的 A hard winter or a hard frost is a very cold one. [usu ADJ n] ...a prolonged period of hard frost... 漫长的强霜冻期 I am expecting a long, hard winter. 我估计冬天会漫长而寒冷。 13 [ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]（颜色）刺目的，晃眼的；（声音）刺耳的，难听的 Hard colours or sounds are harsh or bright and unpleasant to see or hear. [usu ADJ n] The sea was a hard blue. 大海呈一片耀眼的蓝色。 14 [ADJ 形容词]（证据、资料）可靠的，确凿的 Hard evidence or facts are definitely true and do not need to be questioned. [ADJ n] He wanted more hard evidence... 他想要更多确凿的证据。 There are probably fewer hard facts about the life of Henry Purcell than that of any other great composer since the Renaissance. 有关亨利·普赛尔生平的可靠资料可能比任何其他文艺复兴以来的伟大作曲家都要少。 15 [ADJ-GRADED 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词]（水质）硬的（指含钙化合物较多） Hard water contains a lot of calcium compounds that stop soap making bubbles and sometimes appear as a deposit in kettles and baths. 16 [ADJ 形容词]（毒品）毒性强的，烈性的 Hard drugs are very strong illegal drugs such as heroin or cocaine. [ADJ n] 17 [ADJ 形容词]（语音）发硬音的 In phonetics, a hard sound is one such as 'c' or 'g' as pronounced in the words 'cat' or 'give', and not as in the words 'cinema' or 'general'. 18 [PREP-PHRASE 短语介词]离…很近的 If one thing is hard by another, it is very close to it. [OLD-FASHIONED 过时] Paradise Street was a short, crowded street near the railway station and hard by the factory. 天堂街是火车站附近一条拥挤的小街道，离该工厂很近。 19 [PHRASE 短语]受到不公平待遇的；委屈的 If you feel hard done by, you feel that you have not been treated fairly. [v-link PHR] [BRIT 英] The hall porter was feeling hard done by at having to extend his shift. 酒店行李搬运工因为被迫延长当班时间而愤愤不平。 20 [PHRASE 短语]困难的；艰难的 If you say that something is hard going, you mean it is difficult and requires a lot of effort. [usu v-link PHR] The talks had been hard going at the start. 会谈从一开始就举步维艰。 21 [PHRASE 短语]受到沉重打击的；受严重影响的 To be hard hit by something means to be affected very severely by it. [usu v-link PHR] California's been particularly hard hit by the recession. 加利福尼亚受经济衰退的影响尤为严重。 22 [PHRASE 短语]佯装不感兴趣；故意摆谱 If someone plays hard to get, they pretend not to be interested in another person or in what someone is trying to persuade them to do. [V inflects] I wanted her and she was playing hard to get. 我想得到她，但她却故意装出不感兴趣的样子。 23 [PHRASE 短语]十分困难的；处于困境的 If someone is hard put to do something or, in British English if they are hard pushed to do something, they have great difficulty doing it. [usu v-link PHR to-inf] Mr Morton is undoubtedly cleverer than Mr Kirkby, but he will be hard put to match his popularity. 莫顿先生无疑比柯克比先生更聪明，但他将很难像柯克比先生那样受人欢迎。 24 [PHRASE 短语]为…而非常苦恼（或难受）；因…而沮丧 If you take something hard, you are very upset or depressed by it. [V inflects] Maybe I just took it too hard. 可能我真的对此事太过耿耿于怀。
Oxford	hard ★ / hɑːd ; NAmE hɑːrd / adjective , adverb hard hards harder hardest adjective ★ ( hard·er , hard·est ) solid/stiff 坚固；坚硬 1 ★ solid, firm or stiff and difficult to bend or break 坚固的；坚硬的；结实的 ◆ Wait for the concrete to go hard. 等待混凝土凝结。 ◆ a hard mattress 硬床垫 ◆ Diamonds are the hardest known mineral. 钻石是已知的最坚硬的矿石。 OPP soft difficult 不易 2 ★ difficult to do, understand or answer 难做的；难懂的；难以回答的 ◆ a hard choice/question 为难的选择；难以回答的问题 hardto do sth ◆ It is hard to believethat she's only nine. 很难相信她只有九岁。 ◆ It's hard to seehow they can lose. 很难理解他们怎么会输。 ◆ ‘When will the job be finished?’ ‘It's hard to say.’ (= it is difficult to be certain) “这项工作什么时候能完成？”“难说。” ◆ I find his attitude very hard to take (= difficult to accept). 他的态度让我难以接受。 ◆ We're finding reliable staff hard to come by (= difficult to get). 我们觉得难以找到可靠的职员。 hardfor sb (to do sth) ◆ It's hard for old people to change their ways. 老年人难以改变他们的习惯。 ◆ It must be hard for her, bringing up four children on her own. 她一个人抚养四个孩子一定很艰难。 OPP easy 3 ★ full of difficulty and problems, especially because of a lack of money 困苦的；艰苦的；艰难的 SYN tough ◆ Times were hard at the end of the war. 战争后期生活很艰苦。 ◆ She's had a hard life. 她一生艰苦。 OPP easy needing/using effort 费力；用力 4 ★ needing or using a lot of physical strength or mental effort 耗费体力（或脑力）的；辛苦的 ◆ It's hard workshovelling snow. 铲雪是个苦活儿。 ◆ I've had a long hard day. 我度过了漫长辛苦的一天。 ☞synonyms at difficult 5 ★ (of people 人 ) putting a lot of effort or energy into an activity 努力的；勤劳的 ◆ She's a very hard worker. 她工作很卖力。 ◆ He's hard at workon a new novel. 他正努力忙着写一本新小说。 ◆ When I left they were all still hard at it (= working hard). 我离开的时候他们都还在努力工作。 ☞synonyms at difficult 6 ★ done with a lot of strength or force 用力的；猛烈的 ◆ He gave the door a good hard kick. 他狠狠踢了一下门。 ◆ a hard punch 砰的一拳 without sympathy 缺乏同情心 7 ★ showing no sympathy or affection 冷酷无情的；硬心肠的；苛刻的 ◆ My father was a hard man. 我父亲是个不讲情面的人。 ◆ She gave me a hard stare. 她狠狠地看了我一眼。 ◆ He said some very hard things to me. 他对我说了些很不近人情的话。 not afraid 不畏惧 8 ( informal) (of people 人 ) ready to fight and showing no signs of fear or weakness 准备战斗的；不软弱退缩的 ◆ Come and get me if you think you're hard enough. 你要是觉得自己有种，就冲着我来吧。 ◆ You think you're really hard, don't you? 你是不是以为自己真的很勇猛？ facts/evidence 事实；证据 9 [only before noun ] definitely true and based on information that can be proved 确凿的；可证实的；可靠的 ◆ Is there any hard evidenceeither way? 不管正反，有什么确凿证据吗？ ◆ The newspaper story is based on hard facts. 报纸的这篇报道有可靠的事实根据。 weather 天气 10 very cold and severe 寒冷的；凛冽的 ◆ It had been a hard winter. 那年的冬天特别冷。 ◆ There was a hard frostthat night. 那天晚上寒冷多霜。 ☞compare mild adj. (2 ) drink 饮料 11 [only before noun ] strongly alcoholic 酒精浓度高的；烈性的 ◆ hard liquor 烈酒 ◆ ( informal) a drop of the hard stuff (= a strong alcoholic drink) 少许烈酒 ☞compare soft drink water 水 12 containing calciumand other mineral salts that make mixing with soap difficult 硬的（含钙及镁盐较多） ◆ a hard waterarea 硬水区 ◆ Our water is very hard. 我们的水很硬。 OPP soft consonants 辅音 13 ( phonetics 语音 ) used to describe a letter cor gwhen pronounced as in ‘cat’ or ‘go’, rather than as in ‘city’ or ‘giant’ 硬音的（如字母 c 或 g 在 cat 或 go 等词中的发音） OPP soft ▶ hard·ness / hɑːdnəs ; NAmE hɑːrdnəs / noun [uncountable ] ◆ water hardness 水的硬度 ◆ hardness of heart 硬心肠 IDIOMS be ˈhard on sb/sth 1 ★ to treat or criticize sb in a very severe or strict way 严厉对待，严格批评（某人或某事） ◆ Don't be too hard on him—he's very young. 别对他太苛刻了，他还很小呢。 2 ★ to be difficult for or unfair to sb/sth 使…为难；对…不公平 ◆ It's hard on people who don't have a car. 对于没有车的人来说，这不公平。 3 to be likely to hurt or damage sth 可能损伤，可能损坏（某物） ◆ Looking at a computer screen all day can be very hard on the eyes. 成天盯着计算机屏幕可能会对眼睛造成严重损害。 drive/strike a hard ˈbargain to argue in an aggressive way and force sb to agree on the best possible price or arrangement 狠狠地杀价 give sb a hard ˈtime to deliberately make a situation difficult and unpleasant for sb 给某人找茬儿；使某人不好过 ◆ They really gave me a hard time at the interview. 面试时他们确实是在难为我。 ˌhard and ˈfast ( especially after a negative 尤用于否定词后 ) that cannot be changed in any circumstances 板上钉钉；不容更改 ◆ There are no hard and fast rulesabout this. 这事没有什么硬性的规定。 (as) ˌhard as ˈnails showing no sympathy, kindness or fear 冷酷无情；铁石心肠；毫无惧色 ˌhard ˈcheese ( BrE) ( informal) used as a way of saying that you are sorry about sth, usually ironically (= you really mean the opposite) （常作反话）太不幸了，真够倒霉 ˌhard ˈgoing difficult to understand or needing a lot of effort 难懂；费力 ◆ I'm finding his latest novel very hard going. 我觉得他最近的这部小说很晦涩。 ˌhard ˈluck/ˈlines ( BrE) used to tell sb that you feel sorry for them （表示惋惜）真遗憾，太不幸了 ◆ ‘Failed again, I'm afraid.’ ‘Oh, hard luck.’ “恐怕我又失败了。”“哦，太不幸了。” the ˈhard way by having an unpleasant experience or by making mistakes 通过痛苦的经历；通过出错 ◆ She won't listen to my advice so she'll just have to learn the hard way. 她不肯听我的忠告，所以只好吃了苦头才知道厉害。 make hard ˈwork of sth to use more time or energy on a task than is necessary 在某事上耗费过多时间（或精力）；费冤枉力 no hard ˈfeelings used to tell sb you have been arguing with or have beaten in a contest that you would still like to be friendly with them （向争论或打败的对方表示继续友好）别往心里去，别记恨 ◆ It looks like I'm the winner again. No hard feelings, Dave, eh? 看来我又赢了。你不会不高兴吧，戴夫？ play hard to ˈget ( informal) to make yourself seem more attractive or interesting by not immediately accepting an invitation to do sth 故作姿态；故意摆谱；佯装拿架子 too much like hard ˈwork needing too much effort 太费力 ◆ I can't be bothered making a hot meal—it's too much like hard work. 我懒得做热饭热菜，太麻烦了。 ☞more at act n. , job , long adj. , nut n. , rock n. adverb ★ ( hard·er , hard·est ) with effort 努力 1 ★ with great effort; with difficulty 努力地；费力地；艰难地 ◆ to work hard 努力工作 ◆ You must try harder. 你得更加努力。 ◆ She tried her hardestnot to show how disappointed she was. 她竭力不流露出自己有多失望。 ◆ Don't hit it so hard! 别这么用力打！ ◆ He was still breathing hard after his run. 他跑完步，现在还气喘吁吁的。 ◆ Our victory was hard won (= won with great difficulty). 我们的胜利来之不易。 with force 猛力 2 ★ with great force 猛力地；猛烈地: ◆ ( figurative) Small businesses have been hit hard/ hard hitby the recession. 小企业受到了经济衰退的沉重打击。 carefully 仔细 3 ★ very carefully and thoroughly 彻底认真地 ◆ to think hard 认真思考 ◆ We thought long and hardbefore deciding to move house. 我们经过长久慎重的考虑之后才决定搬家。 a lot 大量 4 heavily; a lot or for a long time 沉重地；大量地；长时间地 ◆ It was raining hardwhen we set off. 我们出发时正下着大雨。 left/right 左；右 5 at a sharp angle to the left/right 向左（或右）急转弯 ◆ Turn hard right at the next junction. 在下个路口处向右急转弯。 IDIOMS be/feel hard ˈdone by ( informal) to be or feel unfairly treated 受到不公平待遇；感到委屈 ◆ She has every right to feel hard done by—her parents have given her nothing. 她觉得委屈完全合理，她父母什么都没给她。 be ˌhard ˈpressed/ˈpushed to do sth \| be hard ˈput (to it) to do sth to find it very difficult to do sth 很难做某事 ◆ He was hard put to it to explain her disappearance. 他觉得她的消失很难解释得通。 be hard ˈup for sth to have too few or too little of sth 某物匮乏 ◆ We're hard up for ideas. 我们再想不出主意了。 ☞see also hard up ˈhard on sth very soon after 紧接着 ◆ His death followed hard on hers. 她死后不久，他也死了。 take sth ˈhard to be very upset by sth 为某事很苦恼（或难受） ◆ He took his wife's death very hard. 他对妻子的死感到很难过。 ☞more at die v. , heel n. WHICH WORD? 词语辨析 hard / hardly ■ The adverb from the adjective hardis hard. 形容词 hard 的副词为 hard： ◆ I have to work hard today. 今天我得努力工作。 ◆ She has thought very hard about her future plans. 她曾经悉心思考她未来的计划。 ◆ It was raining hard outside. 外面雨下得很大。 ■ Hardlyis an adverb meaning ‘almost not’. *hardly 为副词，意为几乎不、几乎没有： ◆ I hardly ever go to concerts. 我很少去听音乐会。 ◆ I can hardly wait for my birthday. 我迫切等待着我的生日。 It cannot be used instead of hard. 该词不能代替 hard： ◆ I’ve been working hardly today. ◆ She has thought very hardly about her future plans. ◆ It was raining hardly outside. ■ ➱ note at hardly hard / hɑːd ; NAmE hɑːrd / hard·ness / hɑːdnəs ; NAmE hɑːrdnəs /
LDC	hard1 adjective hard2 adverb hardhard1 /hɑːd $ hɑːrd/ ●●● S1 W1 adjective (comparative harder, superlative hardest) Entry menu Word Origin Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases Word family 1firm to touch firm, stiff, and difficult to press down, break, or cut OPP soft: a hard wooden chair the hardest substance known to man After months without rain, the ground was too hard to plough.2difficult difficult to do or understand SYN difficult OPP easy: This year’s exam was much harder than last year’s. You’ll have to make some hard decisions. They’re a hard team to beat.it is hard to believe/imagine/see/know etc It was hard to see what else we could have done. It’s hard to believe that anyone would say something like that.find it hard to do something I was finding it hard to concentrate. Permanent jobs are hard to come by (=difficult to find or get).be hard for somebody It must be hard for her, bringing up three kids on her own. Telling my parents is going to be the hardest thing about it.have a hard time doing something (=be difficult for someone to do something) You’ll have a hard time proving that. I had a hard time persuading him to accept the offer. Such criticism was hard to take (=difficult to accept).► see thesaurus at difficult 3work/effort [usually before noun] using or involving a lot of mental or physical effort: To be successful in sport requires hard work and a great deal of determination. After a hard day at work, I just want to come home and put my feet up.a hard day’s work/walking/skiing etc There’s a sauna where you can relax after a hard day’s skiing. Becoming a doctor never interested him. It was too much like hard work (=it would involve too much work).► see thesaurus at tiring 4full of problems a situation or time that is hard is one in which you have a lot of problems, especially when you do not have enough money: She’s had a hard life. Times were hard and they were forced to sell their house. He had clearly fallen on hard times (=did not have much money).5be hard on somebody a)to criticize someone in a way that is unfair, or to be too strict with them: Perhaps I’m too hard on her. b)to have a bad effect on someone: Divorce can be very hard on children.6be hard on something to have a bad effect on something: Standing all day is very hard on the feet.7 do something the hard way to learn, achieve, or do something after a bad experience or by making mistakes: He learned the hard way about the harsh reality of the boxing world. Make sure you put the baby’s diaper on before you start feeding her. I learned this lesson the hard way. He earned his promotion the hard way.8using force using a lot of force: Jane gave the door a good hard push. She gave him a hard slap.9 hard evidence/facts/information etc facts that are definitely true and can be proved: There is no hard evidence to support this theory.10unkind showing no sympathetic or gentle feelings: a hard face Her voice was hard and cold. You’re a hard man, John.11hard going a)difficult to do and needing a lot of effort: A strong wind made the race very hard going. b)boring, or difficult to deal with, talk to etc: I find some of his friends pretty hard going.12 make hard work of something to make something you are doing seem more difficult than it really is: Juventus were making hard work of what should have been an easy game.13 be hard at it/work informal to be very busy doing something: Sarah was hard at it on her computer.14water hard water contains a lot of minerals, and does not mix easily with soap OPP soft15hard luck a)British English spoken used to tell someone that you feel sorry for them because they have not succeeded in what they were trying to do: ‘I failed my driving test.’ ‘Oh, hard luck!’ b)when bad things happen to you that are not your fault: You’ve had your share of hard luck.hard on It was hard luck on you. c)spoken (also hard cheese British English) used to say that you do not care if someone is having problems, does not like something etc: If you don’t like the idea then hard luck!16give somebody a hard time informal a)to treat someone badly or cause problems for them: Giving you a hard time, is she? They reached the border where officials gave them a hard time. b)to criticize someone a lot: Hostile critics have given Hartman a hard time.17have a hard time to have a lot of problems or bad experiences: I’m glad she’s happy at last – she’s had such a hard time. Vegetarians still often have a hard time of it when it comes to eating out.18drive/strike a hard bargain to demand a lot or refuse to give too much when you are making an agreement: The company is believed to have struck a hard bargain.19hard feelings a)anger between people because of something that has happened: We’d known each other too long for hard feelings. I have no hard feelings towards Steve. b)no hard feelings spoken used to tell someone that you do not want to be angry with them or for them to be angry with you: I’m sorry it didn’t work out, but no hard feelings, eh?20 take a (long) hard look at something/somebody to think carefully about something, especially with the result that you change your opinions or behaviour: You should take a long hard look at the issues before committing yourself.21hard line a strict way of dealing with someone or something: The president should abandon his hard line in the region.take/adopt a hard line (on something) The school takes a very hard line on drugs.22hard news news stories that are about serious subjects or events: TV news programs seem to be more interested in gossip than in hard news.23not frightened British English spoken strong, ready to fight, and not afraid of anyone or anything: He thinks he’s really hard. Jones was known as soccer’s hard man.24 (as) hard as nails someone who is hard as nails seems to have no feelings such as fear or sympathy25 a hard taskmaster/master someone who makes people work too hard26 a hard winter/frost a very cold winter or frost OPP mild27the hard left/right people who have extreme left-wing or right-wing political aims and ideas SYN far left/right, extreme: concerns about the re-emergence of the hard right in some areas28light especially literary hard light is bright and unpleasant SYN harsh: the hard brilliance of the moonlight29alcohol [only before noun] informal very strong: hard liquor I never touch the hard stuff (=strong alcohol). → hard drugs 30 a hard left/right a big turn to the left or right, for example when you are driving SYN sharp31pronunciation a hard ‘c’ is pronounced /k/ rather than /s/; a hard ‘g’ is pronounced /g/ rather than /dz/ → soft—hardness noun [uncountable]: a material that would combine the flexibility of rubber with the hardness of glassTHESAURUShard difficult to press down, break, or cut, and not at all soft: · I fell onto the hard stone floor.· The clay gets harder as it dries.firm not completely hard, but not easy to press or bend – used especially when this seems a good thing: · I like to sleep on a firm mattress.· exercises to make your stomach muscles nice and firm· The pears were firm and juicy.stiff difficult to bend and not changing shape: · a piece of stiff cardboard· The collar of his shirt felt stiff and uncomfortable.solid made of a thick hard material and not hollow: · a solid oak door· The floor felt strong and solid beneath her feet.rigid /ˈrɪdʒəd/ having a structure that is made of a material that is difficult or impossible to bend: · The tent is supported by a rigid frame.· Carry sandwiches in a rigid container.crisp/crispy used about food that is pleasantly hard, so that it makes a noise when you bite it – often used about things that have been cooked in thin slices until they are brown: · Bake the cookies until they are crisp and golden.· crispy baconcrunchy food that is crunchy makes a noise when you bite on it – often used about things that are fresh, for example fruit, vegetables, and nuts: · a crunchy breakfast cereal· The carrots were still nice and crunchy.· a crunchy salad· crunchy peanut buttertough meat that is tough is too hard and is difficult to cut or eat: · The meat was tough and flavourless.rubbery too hard and bending like rubber rather than breaking – used especially about meat: · The chicken was all rubbery.COLLOCATIONS CHECKfirm bed/muscles/fruit/vegetables/groundstiff card/cardboard/collar/material/fingers/bodysolid wood/steel/concrete/floor/wallrigid frame/structurecrisp/crispy apple/bacon/toast/potato/lettucecrunchy cereal/vegetables/nuts/snacktough meatrubbery meat hard1 adjective hard2 adverb hardhard2 ●●● S1 W2 adverb (comparative harder, superlative hardest) Entry menu Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases Word family 1using energy/effort using a lot of effort, energy, or attention: She has worked hard all her life. He had thought long and hard before getting involved with the project. She tried her hardest to ignore what he’d said. Ella was concentrating very hard. I couldn’t convince him no matter how hard I tried.2with force with a lot of force: You need to hit the ball hard. He slammed the door hard behind him. It was raining very hard.3become solid becoming solid, stiff, or firm: By now the cement had set hard.4be hard hit/be hit hard to be badly affected by something that has happened: Sales were hard hit by high interest rates.5be hard put/pressed/pushed to do something informal to have difficulty doing something: You’d be hard pressed to find anyone better for the job. → hard-pressed 6be/feel hard done by informal to be or feel unfairly treated: As a child I felt hard done by, living so far away from my friends.7take something hard to be very upset about something, especially bad news: Alan took his mother’s death particularly hard.8hard upon/on something British English formal soon after something: His second major contract followed hard upon the first.9laugh/cry hard to laugh, cry etc a lot → hard by , hard up , → (hard/hot/close) on somebody’s heels at heel1 , → (hard/hot/close) on the heels of something at heel1 , → play hard to get at play1(23)
WDF	hard [hɑ:d] 级别:harder, hardest CET4CET6TEM4考研IELTS j438 94488 23898 19218 23544 19587 8241 r768 55196 10946 19293 11206 10294 3457 ADJ454 3204022 ADV1046 1487202 Spoken: 246321520 harder[28162] hardest[7898] 努力地(33%)，困难的(26%)，硬的(21%)，严重地(4%)，残酷的(3%)，棘手的(3%)，确凿的(2%)，坚定地(2%)，用力的(2%)，强烈地(2%)，坚强的(2%) adj.努力的；硬的；困难的；辛苦的；确实的；严厉的；猛烈的；冷酷无情的 adv.努力地；困难地；辛苦地；接近地；猛烈地；牢固地 n.(Hard)人名；(英、芬、瑞典)哈德

Hard Difficult Lot I Work Sth Adj Graded 能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词

hard

Spoken: