Question

if if ★★★★★/ɪf/Often pronounced /'ɪf/ at the beginning of the sentence. 在句首常重读。1[CONJ-SUBORD	连词](表示条件或假设)假如，如果，要是 You use if in conditional sentences to introduce the circumstances in which an event or situation might happen, might be happening, or might have happened. She gets very upset if I exclude her from anything...要是有什么事情我不让她参加，她会非常难过。You'll feel a lot better about yourself if you work on solutions to your upsetting situations...如果你设法找到解决自己麻烦的办法，你自我感觉会好得多。You can go if you want...你要是想走就可以走。If you would like to send a donation to Cobuild, please enclose a cheque with your coupon...如果你想为Cobuild语料库捐款，请随订货单附上支票。If you went into town, you'd notice all the pubs have loud jukeboxes...如果你进了城，你会注意到所有的酒吧都有音量很大的自动点唱机。What I did was right and if I had done anything less it would have been wrong...我做的一切都是正确的，如果我少做了一点点，就会出错。Fry remaining peppers, adding a little more dressing if necessary...用油炸一下剩下的辣椒，如果需要再加点调味汁。Do you have a knack for coming up with ideas? If so, we would love to hear from you.你有什么能想出好点子的诀窍吗？如果有，我们很愿意收到你的来信。2[CONJ-SUBORD	连词](用于间接疑问句)是否 You use if in indirect questions where the answer is either 'yes' or 'no'. He asked if I had left with you, and I said no...他问我是否和你一块儿离开的，我说不是。I wonder if I might have a word with Mr Abbot?请问我能否和阿博特先生说几句话？3[CONJ-SUBORD	连词](表示与句子主要部分的陈述稍有不同)即便，纵然，虽然 You use if to suggest that something might be slightly different from what you are stating in the main part of the sentence, for example that there might be slightly more or less of a particular quality.   [with neg]Sometimes, that standard is quite difficult, if not impossible, to achieve...有时即便有可能达到那个标准，那也是非常困难。I'm working on my fitness and I will be ready in a couple of weeks, if not sooner...我正在调养身体，最多两三周以后就可以了。Many, if not most, scientific papers are presented orally at scientific meetings...许多科学论文，即便不是大多数，都是以口头形式在科学会议上发表的。What one quality, if any, do you like the most about your partner?...你最喜欢你伴侣的哪一点，假如有的话？Meat was available once a week if at all.就算有肉，也是每周才吃一次。4[CONJ-SUBORD	连词]如果…可以的话(通常与can，could, may 或 might 连用，在谈话中礼貌地提出自己的观点、转换话题或打断对方) You use if, usually with 'can', 'could', 'may', or 'might', at a point in a conversation when you are politely trying to make a point, change the subject, or interrupt another speaker. If I could just make another small point about the weightlifters in the Olympics...请允许我就有关奥运会举重运动员的问题再补充一点。So, if we may return strictly to athletics again for a few minutes...因此，如果我们可以再花几分钟重新回到田径运动话题上来的话……But if I can interrupt, Joe, I don't think anybody here is personally blaming the Germans...但是请允许我打断一下，乔，我认为在场的任何人都没有谴责德国人的意思。Well, it's the old argument Max, which is a bit ridiculous if you don't mind me saying so...哦，马克斯，又是那个很老套且有点儿荒谬的争论，如果你不介意我这么说的话。Well if you want my opinion, unless you do it soon you're gonna lose the opportunity and you'll be really sorry.如果你想听我的意见，你应该尽快做那事，否则你会失去机会，并且会非常遗憾。5[CONJ-SUBORD	连词](用于句首，表示礼貌地请求某人做某事) You use if at or near the beginning of a clause when politely asking someone to do something.   [politeness]I wonder if you'd be kind enough to give us some information, please?请问您能不能给我们提供一些信息？If you will just sign here, we will arrange for your bank to deduct your payments automatically.麻烦您在这里签一下字，我们将联系您的银行自动扣除您的付款。6[CONJ-SUBORD	连词](用于引导从句中较次要的事实)即便 You use if to introduce a subordinate clause in which you admit a fact which you regard as less important than the statement in the main clause. If there was any disappointment it was probably temporary...即便有点儿失望，也肯定是暂时的。Even if I'm overstating the case for nutrition, at least it will result in the woman being in charge of her own symptoms...即便我夸大了营养的重要性，但至少它会让这个女人知道关注自己的症状。So what if sometimes they stayed rather late, it doesn't mean anything.因此，即便有时他们熬夜到很晚，那也说明不了什么。7[PHR-CONJ-SUBORD	]要是不；即使不 You use if not in front of a word or phrase to indicate that your statement does not apply to that word or phrase, but to something closely related to it that you also mention. A number of recent advances hold out if not the hope of a cure, then at least the possibility of some drug which could stop the spread of the virus...近来的一些进展即使不能提供治愈的希望，也至少有望研制出来某种药物来阻止病毒的传播。She understood his meaning, if not his words, and took his advice.她即便没听懂他的话，也明白了他的意思，并且接受了他的建议。8[PHR-CONJ-SUBORD	](用于过去时，加强语气)如果真的… You use if ever with past tenses when you are introducing a description of a person or thing, to emphasize how appropriate it is.   [emphasis]I became a distraught, worried mother, a useless role if ever there was one...我变成了一个忧心如焚的母亲，一个全无用处的角色。If ever there was the right person in the right job it was she...要是真的有才尽其用的人，那就是她。If ever a man needed your love, I need it.如果说真有一个男人需要你的爱，那就是我。9[PHR-CONJ-SUBORD	](与过去时连用，引出一个相对合理的理由)即使仅仅为了(或因为)… You use if only with past tenses to introduce what you think is a fairly good reason for doing something, although you realize it may not be a very good one. She writes me often, if only to scold me because I haven't written to her...她常来信，即使仅仅为了责怪我还没回信给她。A one-to-one meeting with the US President was necessary, if only for a deeper exchange of views.与美国总统一对一的会谈是必要的，即便仅仅是为了双方观点更深入的交流。10[PHR-CONJ-SUBORD		]要是…多好 You use if only to express a wish or desire, especially one that cannot be fulfilled.   [feelings]If only you had told me that some time ago...要是你早些时候告诉我该多好啊！If only it were that simple!...要是那么简单就好了！'Hey, listen to me, all that 1980 nonsense is over.' — 'If only, Timothy, if only.'“嗨，听我说，所有那些 1980 年的无聊之事都结束了。”——“要是这样就好了，蒂莫西，要是这样就好了。”11[PHR-CONJ-SUBORD	](表示判断)好像，仿佛，似乎 You use as if when you are making a judgment about something that you see or notice. Your belief or impression might be correct, or it might be wrong. The whole room looks as if it has been lovingly put together over the years...整个房间看起来好像是经过了多年的精心布置。His heart was pounding, as if he were frightened.他的心怦怦跳，似乎被吓坏了。12[PHR-CONJ-SUBORD	](表示类比)好像，仿佛，似乎 You use as if to describe something or someone by comparing them with another thing or person. He points two fingers at his head, as if he were holding a gun...他把两根手指指向他的头，仿佛他正举着一支枪。The two cousins looked as if they'd been carved from blocks of ice.两个堂姊妹看起来像由冰块雕刻而成。13[PHR-CONJ-SUBORD	](强调某物不是真的)好像…一样，仿佛，似乎 You use as if to emphasize that something is not true.   [emphasis]  [SPOKEN 口语]My husband, for some unknown reason, suggested that I loved my birds more than him: as if I would...我丈夫，莫名其妙地，暗示我爱鸟甚于爱他：仿佛我真如此似的。Getting my work done! My God! As if it mattered.把我的工作做完！老天！好像它真的很重要似的。14[PHRASE	短语]要说真有什么的话；甚至正相反 You use 'if anything' to introduce something which strengthens or changes the meaning of the statement you have just made, but only in a small or unimportant way.   [PHR with cl]Living together didn't harm our friendship. If anything it strengthened it...在一起住并没有损害我们的友谊。要说真有什么的话，它反而巩固了我们的友谊。Asthma drugs are not addictive and you don't need to keep increasing the dose. If anything, the reverse is true.哮喘药物不会造成药物依赖，你不用持续增大剂量。甚至正相反，减小剂量才对。15[PHRASE	短语]显然不是 You use 'It's not as if' to introduce a statement which, if it were true, might explain something puzzling, although in fact it is not true.   [V inflects]I am surprised by the fuss she's making. It's not as if my personality has changed.她的大惊小怪令我很吃惊。显然不是我的个性改变了。16[PHRASE	短语](用于给人建议)如果我是你的话 You say 'if I were you' to someone when you are giving them advice.   [PHR with cl]If I were you, Mrs Gretchen, I just wouldn't worry about it...要是我是你，格蕾琴夫人，我一点都不会担心。What I'd do if I were you is be nice to him...如果我是你，我要做的就是对他好。I should lie down for a bit, if I were you.如果我是你，我就会躺一会儿。 if1 conjunctionif2 nounifif1 /ɪf/ ●●● S1 W1 conjunction  Word Origin Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1used when talking about something that might happen or be true, or might have happened:  We’ll stay at home if it rains. If you need money, I can lend you some. If I didn’t apologize, I’d feel guilty. If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exams. What would happen to your family if you were to die in an accident? If Dad were here, he would know what to do. Taste the soup and add salt and pepper if necessary. I want to get back by five o’clock if possible. I think I can fix it tomorrow. If not, you’ll have to wait till Friday. Is the book available, and if so, where? The missiles can be fired only if the operator types in a six-digit code. We’ll face that problem if and when it comes along  (=if it happens or when it happens). If by any chance you can’t manage dinner tonight, perhaps we can at least have a drink together.2used to mention a fact, situation, or event that someone asks about, or is not certain about:  He stopped to ask me if I was all right. I don’t know if what I am saying makes any sense. I doubt if anyone will remember me. I’m not sure if this is the right road or not.3used to mention a type of event or situation when talking about what happens on occasions of that type:  If I go to bed late, I feel dreadful in the morning. Plastic will melt if it gets too hot.4used when saying what someone’s feelings are about a possible situation:  You don’t seem to care if I’m tired. I’m sorry if I upset you. It would be nice if we could spend more time together.5spoken used when making a polite request:  I wonder if you could help me. I’d be grateful if you would send me further details. Would you mind if I open a window? If you would just wait for a moment, I’ll try to find your papers.6used when you are adding that something may be even more, less, better, worse etc than you have just said:  Brian rarely, if ever, goes to bed before 3 am. Their policies have changed little, if at all, since the last election. Her needs are just as important as yours, if not more so. The snow was now two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, to get the car out.7even if used to emphasize that, although something may happen or may be true, it will not change a situation:  I wouldn’t tell you even if I knew. Even if she survives, she’ll never fully recover.8if anything used when adding a remark that changes what you have just said or makes it stronger:  It’s warm enough here in London. A little too warm, if anything.9spoken used during a conversation when you are trying to make a suggestion, change the subject, or interrupt someone else:  If I might just make a suggestion, I think that the matter could be easily settled with a little practical demonstration. If I could just take one example to illustrate this.10if I were you spoken used when giving advice and telling someone what you think they should do:  I wouldn’t worry about it if I were you.11if only a)used to express a strong wish, especially when you know that what you want cannot happen:  If only he had talked to her sooner! If only I weren’t so tired! b)used to give a reason for something, although you think it is not a good one:  Media studies is regarded as a more exciting subject, if only because it’s new.12used to say that, although something may be true, it is not important:  If he has a fault at all, it is that he is too generous. Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is that she expects to be successful all the time.13used when adding one criticism of a person or thing that you generally like:  The eldest son was highly intelligent, if somewhat lazy. Lunch was a grand if rather noisy affair. → as ifat as2(9), → if ever there was oneat ever(15), → what if ... ?at whatGRAMMARChoosing the right tense• You use if with the present tense, when talking about possible future events: · If I see him, I’ll tell him. ✗Don’t say:  If I will see him, I’ll tell him.• You use if with the past tense to talk about something that is unlikely or impossible: · If I won the lottery, I would leave my job. ✗Don’t say:  If I would win the lottery ...• In everyday spoken English, you say if I was: · If I was younger, I’d do it myself.• In more formal English, you say if I were: · If I were in your position, I’d ask for help.• You use if with the past perfect to talk about something that did not happen: · If they had tried to stop the protest, there would have been a riot. ✗Don’t say:  If they would have tried to stop the protest ...• You also use if with the present perfect, when talking about whether something has happened or not: · If she hasn’t called by tomorrow, I’ll call her.Grammar guide ‒ VERBSComparisonif• You say: · I’m not sure if I heard him correctly.· I don’t know if he is guilty.whether• You say: · I’m not sure whether I heard him correctly.· I don’t know whether he is guilty.• You can use whether after a preposition: · We discussed the issue of whether to pay. ✗Don’t say:  the issue of if to pay• You can say whether to do something: · He doesn’t know whether to accept. ✗Don’t say:  He doesn’t know if to accept.Grammar guide ‒ VERBSTHESAURUSif used when talking about the possibility that something might happen or be true: · He faces a long prison sentence if the court finds him guilty.· If scientists’ predictions are correct, average global temperatures could rise by 6 degrees.unless if something does not happen, or if someone does not do something: · The star is difficult to see unless the sky is very clear.· Doctors said they could not treat the boy unless his parents gave their permission.whether or not used when saying that it does not matter if something happens or not, or if something is true or not: · Most people will get better on their own, whether or not they receive medical treatment.· I’m still going, whether she likes it or not.otherwise used when saying that there will be a bad result if someone does not do something, or if something does not happen: · Drink plenty of water – otherwise you will become dehydrated.in case in order to deal with something that might happen: · She did not think it would rain, but she took her umbrella just in case.· It is best to keep a medical kit ready in case of emergency.as long as/provided that only if something else happens or is true: · Visitors are welcome, as long as they bring their own tent.· Anyone can join the course, provided that there is space available.· As long as you can find a computer, you can access an internet-based bank account wherever you are.on condition that used when you agree to do something only if someone first agrees to do something else: · He was offered the job  on condition that he went on a month-long training course.if1 conjunctionif2 nounifif2 noun [countable] informal  Examples Collocations Phrases 1ifs and buts British English, ifs, ands, or buts American English if you do not want any ifs and buts, you want someone to do something quickly without arguing:  No ifs and buts – just make sure the job is done by tomorrow!2and it’s a big if used to say that something is not likely to happen:  The team will go racing next year if – and it’s a very big if – they can raise £6 million.3something that may or may not happen:  There are too many ifs in this plan of yours.

Accepted Answer

jEPoK/1xFvkT+4I2iOf8EfkRxXzq6+lJ5Z7suY/YuVamxV87DibmTO+AqTitfcimbu5eLLXEnAzd3mNtI/4FaC9xQLV0q3tFUkdzsNKp8N3ehaatFfaFIfNBYQBhdLikyHI62Em2FdEim+mRVUgHeaahuHopO+Bfg7AarqF+Fs0=             if              ★                    /        ɪf                ;          NAmE                ɪf                /                              conjunction                ,                  noun                            if      ifs                            conjunction        ★                                  1      ★              used to say that one thing can, will or might happen or be true, depending on another thing happening or being true          如果；假若；倘若                            ◆        If you see him, give him this note.        你要是见到他，就把这个便条给他。                    ◆        I'll only stay if you offer me more money.        你给我更多的钱我才会留下。                    ◆        If necessary I can come at once.        如果有必要，我可以马上来。                    ◆        You can stay for the weekend if you like.        你如果愿意就留在这里过周末吧。                    ◆        If anyone calls, tell them I'm not at home.        要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。                    ◆        If he improved his IT skills, he'd          (= he would)easily get a job.                他如果提高了自己的信息技术技能，就会容易找到工作。                    ◆        You would know what was going on if you'd          (= you had)listened.                你若是注意听了就会知道发生什么事了。                    ◆        They would have been here by now if they'd caught the early train.        假若他们赶上了早班火车，现在就该到这里了。                    ◆        If I was in charge, I'd do things differently.        假若由我负责，我不会这样办事的。                    ◆        (          rather formal)                If I were in charge…        假若由我负责…                    ◆                  Even if          (= although)you did see someone, you can't be sure it was him.                即使你确实看见有个人，也不能保证那就是他。                    2      ★              when; whenever; every time          当；无论何时；每次                            ◆        If metal gets hot it expands.        金属受热就膨胀。                    ◆        She glares at me if I go near her desk.        我一走近她的办公桌，她就对我瞪眼。                    3              (          formal)                used with          willor          wouldto ask sb politely to do sth          （与 will 或 would 连用，表示客气地请求）                            ◆        If you will sit down for a few moments, I'll tell the manager you're here.        请稍坐，我这就告诉经理说您来了。                    ◆        If you would care to leave your name, we'll contact you as soon as possible.        麻烦您留下姓名，我们会尽快与您联系的。                    4      ★              used after          ask,          know,          find out,          wonder,etc. to introduce one of two or more possibilities          （用于 ask、know、find out、wonder 等之后，引出两个或以上的可能性之一）是否                            SYN                                            whether                                                  ◆        Do you know if he's married?        你知道他是否结婚了？                    ◆        I wonder if I should wear a coat or not.        我不知道该不该穿外套。                    ◆        He couldn't tell if she was laughing or crying.        他弄不清楚她是在笑还是在哭。                    ◆        Listen to the tune and see if you can remember the words.        听听曲调，看你能否记起歌词。                    5      ★              used after verbs or adjectives expressing feelings          （用于表示情感的动词或形容词之后）                            ◆        I am sorry if I disturbed you.        很抱歉，打搅您了。                    ◆        I'd be grateful if you would keep it a secret.        你如果能对此保密，我将不胜感激。                    ◆        Do you mind if I turn the TV off?        我关上电视可以吗？                    6      ★              used to admit that sth is possible, but to say that it is not very important          （承认某事可能，但不很重要）即使，虽然                            ◆        If she has any weakness, it is her Italian.        如果要说她有什么缺点，那就是她的意大利语不大行。                    ◆                  So what ifhe was late. Who cares?                他就是迟到了又怎么样。谁在乎？                    7              used before an adjective to introduce a contrast          （置于形容词之前，引出对比）虽然，尽管                            ◆        He's a good driver, if a little over-confident.        他是个好司机，虽然有点过于自信。                    ◆        We'll only do it once—          if at all.                我们就是干也只会干一次。                    8      ★              used to ask sb to listen to your opinion          （请对方听自己的意见）                            ◆        If you ask me, she's too scared to do it.        依我看，她被吓得不敢做了。                    ◆        If you think about it, those children must be at school by now.        想想吧，那些孩子现在一定在学校了。                    ◆        If you remember, Mary was always fond of animals.        记得吧，玛丽总是喜欢动物。                    9              used before          could,          mayor          mightto suggest sth or to interrupt sb politely          （置于 could、may 或 might 之前，以提出建议或客气地打断别人的话）                            ◆        If I may make a suggestion, perhaps we could begin a little earlier next week.        我来提个建议吧，或许我们下个星期可以早一点开始。                    IDIOMS              ˌif and ˈwhen                              used to say sth about an event that may or may not happen              （谈及可能发生或不发生的事时说）                                            ◆            If and when we ever meet again I hope he remembers what I did for him.            倘若我们再次见面，我希望他还记得我为他做的事。                                      if ˈanything                              used to express an opinion about sth, or after a negative statement to suggest that the opposite is true              （表达看法，或用在否定句之后表示反面意见才对）                                            ◆            I'd say he was more like his father, if anything.            依我看，如果一定要说他像谁的话，他比较像他的父亲。                                ◆            She's not thin—if anything she's on the plump side.            她并不瘦，其实她还有点胖呢。                                      ★        if ˌI were ˈyou                              used to give sb advice              （提出劝告时说）                                            ◆            If I were you I'd start looking for another job.            我要是你，就会去另找工作了。                                      if ˈnot                  1          ★                      used to introduce a different suggestion, after a sentence with              if              （用在 if 引导的句子之后）不然，要不                                            ◆            I'll go if you're going. If not              (= if you are not)I'd rather stay at home.                        你去我就去。不然的话，我宁愿待在家里。                                    2          ★                      used after a              yes/noquestion to say what will or should happen if the answer is ‘no’              （用于 yes ╱ no 疑问句之后，表示如果答案是 no，将会或应该发生什么）                                            ◆            Are you ready? If not, I'm going without you.            你准备好了吗？否则我就自己去了。                                ◆            Do you want that cake? If not, I'll have it.            你要那块蛋糕吗？不然我就要了。                                    3                      used to suggest that sth may be even larger, more important, etc. than was first stated              （表示可能更大或更重要等）                                            ◆            They cost thousands if not millions of pounds to build.            建设要耗费数千英镑，甚至可能是数百万英镑。                                      ★        if ˈonly                              used to say that you wish sth was true or that sth had happened              但愿                                            ◆            If only I were rich.            但愿我很富有。                                ◆            If only I knew her name.            我要是知道她的名字就好了。                                ◆            If only he'd remembered to send that letter.            要是他没忘记发那封信就好了。                                ◆            If only I had gone by taxi.            我要是乘出租车去就好了。                                      it's not as if                              used to say that sth that is happening is surprising              （表示所发生的事情令人惊讶）                                            ◆            I'm surprised they've invited me to their wedding—it's not as if I know them well.            我很惊讶他们居然请我参加他们的婚礼，我跟他们似乎并不熟。                                      ˈonly if                              (              rather formal)                        used to state the only situation in which sth can happen              只有                                            ◆            Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room.            学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。                                ◆            Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.            只有红灯闪亮时才有危及职工的险情。                                                    noun                    (        informal)            a situation that is not certain        不确定的情况                    ◆      If he wins—and        it's a big if—he'll be the first Englishman to win for fifty years.            假设他赢了，不过这还是个很大的疑问，他将成为五十年以来第一个获胜的英国人。              ◆      There are still a lot of        ifs and butsbefore everything's settled.            在一切得以解决之前还有很多不定因素。                  GRAMMAR POINT 语法说明                                      if / whether                      ■            Both              ifand              whetherare used in reporting questions which expect ‘yes’ or ‘no’ as the answer                              *if 和 whether 均用于要求以 yes 或 no 作答的转述疑问句中：                                                    ◆              She asked if/whether I wanted a drink.              她问我要不要喝点什么。                        although              whethersounds more natural with particular verbs such as              discuss,              considerand              decide.When a choice is offered between alternatives              ifor              whethercan be used.              不过 whether 与 discuss、consider 和 decide 等动词连用听起来更自然。提供选择时用 if 或 whether 均可：                                      ◆              We didn’t know if/whether we should write or phone.              我们不知道是写信好还是打电话好。                        In this last type of sentence,              whetheris usually considered more formal and more suitable for written English.              在最后这一句型中，一般认为 whether 较正式，更适用于书面英语。                                                      if              /        ɪf                ;          NAmE                ɪf                /             if[ɪf]CET4CET6TEM4考研c401011860278863233378214308165054120257CONJ3044780675Spoken:66512919ifs[2919]如果(31%)，是否(18%)，即使(18%)，条件(18%)，设想(12%)，每当(3%)conj.（表条件）如果；即使；是否；（表假设）假如n.条件；设想

word	if
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Collins	if ★★★★★ /ɪf/ Often pronounced /'ɪf/ at the beginning of the sentence. 在句首常重读。 1 [CONJ-SUBORD 连词](表示条件或假设)假如，如果，要是 You use if in conditional sentences to introduce the circumstances in which an event or situation might happen, might be happening, or might have happened. She gets very upset if I exclude her from anything... 要是有什么事情我不让她参加，她会非常难过。 You'll feel a lot better about yourself if you work on solutions to your upsetting situations... 如果你设法找到解决自己麻烦的办法，你自我感觉会好得多。 You can go if you want... 你要是想走就可以走。 If you would like to send a donation to Cobuild, please enclose a cheque with your coupon... 如果你想为Cobuild语料库捐款，请随订货单附上支票。 If you went into town, you'd notice all the pubs have loud jukeboxes... 如果你进了城，你会注意到所有的酒吧都有音量很大的自动点唱机。 What I did was right and if I had done anything less it would have been wrong... 我做的一切都是正确的，如果我少做了一点点，就会出错。 Fry remaining peppers, adding a little more dressing if necessary... 用油炸一下剩下的辣椒，如果需要再加点调味汁。 Do you have a knack for coming up with ideas? If so, we would love to hear from you. 你有什么能想出好点子的诀窍吗？如果有，我们很愿意收到你的来信。 2 [CONJ-SUBORD 连词](用于间接疑问句)是否 You use if in indirect questions where the answer is either 'yes' or 'no'. He asked if I had left with you, and I said no... 他问我是否和你一块儿离开的，我说不是。 I wonder if I might have a word with Mr Abbot? 请问我能否和阿博特先生说几句话？ 3 [CONJ-SUBORD 连词](表示与句子主要部分的陈述稍有不同)即便，纵然，虽然 You use if to suggest that something might be slightly different from what you are stating in the main part of the sentence, for example that there might be slightly more or less of a particular quality. [with neg] Sometimes, that standard is quite difficult, if not impossible, to achieve... 有时即便有可能达到那个标准，那也是非常困难。 I'm working on my fitness and I will be ready in a couple of weeks, if not sooner... 我正在调养身体，最多两三周以后就可以了。 Many, if not most, scientific papers are presented orally at scientific meetings... 许多科学论文，即便不是大多数，都是以口头形式在科学会议上发表的。 What one quality, if any, do you like the most about your partner?... 你最喜欢你伴侣的哪一点，假如有的话？ Meat was available once a week if at all. 就算有肉，也是每周才吃一次。 4 [CONJ-SUBORD 连词]如果…可以的话(通常与can，could, may 或 might 连用，在谈话中礼貌地提出自己的观点、转换话题或打断对方) You use if, usually with 'can', 'could', 'may', or 'might', at a point in a conversation when you are politely trying to make a point, change the subject, or interrupt another speaker. If I could just make another small point about the weightlifters in the Olympics... 请允许我就有关奥运会举重运动员的问题再补充一点。 So, if we may return strictly to athletics again for a few minutes... 因此，如果我们可以再花几分钟重新回到田径运动话题上来的话…… But if I can interrupt, Joe, I don't think anybody here is personally blaming the Germans... 但是请允许我打断一下，乔，我认为在场的任何人都没有谴责德国人的意思。 Well, it's the old argument Max, which is a bit ridiculous if you don't mind me saying so... 哦，马克斯，又是那个很老套且有点儿荒谬的争论，如果你不介意我这么说的话。 Well if you want my opinion, unless you do it soon you're gonna lose the opportunity and you'll be really sorry. 如果你想听我的意见，你应该尽快做那事，否则你会失去机会，并且会非常遗憾。 5 [CONJ-SUBORD 连词](用于句首，表示礼貌地请求某人做某事) You use if at or near the beginning of a clause when politely asking someone to do something. [politeness] I wonder if you'd be kind enough to give us some information, please? 请问您能不能给我们提供一些信息？ If you will just sign here, we will arrange for your bank to deduct your payments automatically. 麻烦您在这里签一下字，我们将联系您的银行自动扣除您的付款。 6 [CONJ-SUBORD 连词](用于引导从句中较次要的事实)即便 You use if to introduce a subordinate clause in which you admit a fact which you regard as less important than the statement in the main clause. If there was any disappointment it was probably temporary... 即便有点儿失望，也肯定是暂时的。 Even if I'm overstating the case for nutrition, at least it will result in the woman being in charge of her own symptoms... 即便我夸大了营养的重要性，但至少它会让这个女人知道关注自己的症状。 So what if sometimes they stayed rather late, it doesn't mean anything. 因此，即便有时他们熬夜到很晚，那也说明不了什么。 7 [PHR-CONJ-SUBORD ]要是不；即使不 You use if not in front of a word or phrase to indicate that your statement does not apply to that word or phrase, but to something closely related to it that you also mention. A number of recent advances hold out if not the hope of a cure, then at least the possibility of some drug which could stop the spread of the virus... 近来的一些进展即使不能提供治愈的希望，也至少有望研制出来某种药物来阻止病毒的传播。 She understood his meaning, if not his words, and took his advice. 她即便没听懂他的话，也明白了他的意思，并且接受了他的建议。 8 [PHR-CONJ-SUBORD ](用于过去时，加强语气)如果真的… You use if ever with past tenses when you are introducing a description of a person or thing, to emphasize how appropriate it is. [emphasis] I became a distraught, worried mother, a useless role if ever there was one... 我变成了一个忧心如焚的母亲，一个全无用处的角色。 If ever there was the right person in the right job it was she... 要是真的有才尽其用的人，那就是她。 If ever a man needed your love, I need it. 如果说真有一个男人需要你的爱，那就是我。 9 [PHR-CONJ-SUBORD ](与过去时连用，引出一个相对合理的理由)即使仅仅为了(或因为)… You use if only with past tenses to introduce what you think is a fairly good reason for doing something, although you realize it may not be a very good one. She writes me often, if only to scold me because I haven't written to her... 她常来信，即使仅仅为了责怪我还没回信给她。 A one-to-one meeting with the US President was necessary, if only for a deeper exchange of views. 与美国总统一对一的会谈是必要的，即便仅仅是为了双方观点更深入的交流。 10 [PHR-CONJ-SUBORD ]要是…多好 You use if only to express a wish or desire, especially one that cannot be fulfilled. [feelings] If only you had told me that some time ago... 要是你早些时候告诉我该多好啊！ If only it were that simple!... 要是那么简单就好了！ 'Hey, listen to me, all that 1980 nonsense is over.' — 'If only, Timothy, if only.' “嗨，听我说，所有那些 1980 年的无聊之事都结束了。”——“要是这样就好了，蒂莫西，要是这样就好了。” 11 [PHR-CONJ-SUBORD ](表示判断)好像，仿佛，似乎 You use as if when you are making a judgment about something that you see or notice. Your belief or impression might be correct, or it might be wrong. The whole room looks as if it has been lovingly put together over the years... 整个房间看起来好像是经过了多年的精心布置。 His heart was pounding, as if he were frightened. 他的心怦怦跳，似乎被吓坏了。 12 [PHR-CONJ-SUBORD ](表示类比)好像，仿佛，似乎 You use as if to describe something or someone by comparing them with another thing or person. He points two fingers at his head, as if he were holding a gun... 他把两根手指指向他的头，仿佛他正举着一支枪。 The two cousins looked as if they'd been carved from blocks of ice. 两个堂姊妹看起来像由冰块雕刻而成。 13 [PHR-CONJ-SUBORD ](强调某物不是真的)好像…一样，仿佛，似乎 You use as if to emphasize that something is not true. [emphasis] [SPOKEN 口语] My husband, for some unknown reason, suggested that I loved my birds more than him: as if I would... 我丈夫，莫名其妙地，暗示我爱鸟甚于爱他：仿佛我真如此似的。 Getting my work done! My God! As if it mattered. 把我的工作做完！老天！好像它真的很重要似的。 14 [PHRASE 短语]要说真有什么的话；甚至正相反 You use 'if anything' to introduce something which strengthens or changes the meaning of the statement you have just made, but only in a small or unimportant way. [PHR with cl] Living together didn't harm our friendship. If anything it strengthened it... 在一起住并没有损害我们的友谊。要说真有什么的话，它反而巩固了我们的友谊。 Asthma drugs are not addictive and you don't need to keep increasing the dose. If anything, the reverse is true. 哮喘药物不会造成药物依赖，你不用持续增大剂量。甚至正相反，减小剂量才对。 15 [PHRASE 短语]显然不是 You use 'It's not as if' to introduce a statement which, if it were true, might explain something puzzling, although in fact it is not true. [V inflects] I am surprised by the fuss she's making. It's not as if my personality has changed. 她的大惊小怪令我很吃惊。显然不是我的个性改变了。 16 [PHRASE 短语](用于给人建议)如果我是你的话 You say 'if I were you' to someone when you are giving them advice. [PHR with cl] If I were you, Mrs Gretchen, I just wouldn't worry about it... 要是我是你，格蕾琴夫人，我一点都不会担心。 What I'd do if I were you is be nice to him... 如果我是你，我要做的就是对他好。 I should lie down for a bit, if I were you. 如果我是你，我就会躺一会儿。
Oxford	if ★ / ɪf ; NAmE ɪf / conjunction , noun if ifs conjunction ★ 1 ★ used to say that one thing can, will or might happen or be true, depending on another thing happening or being true 如果；假若；倘若 ◆ If you see him, give him this note. 你要是见到他，就把这个便条给他。 ◆ I'll only stay if you offer me more money. 你给我更多的钱我才会留下。 ◆ If necessary I can come at once. 如果有必要，我可以马上来。 ◆ You can stay for the weekend if you like. 你如果愿意就留在这里过周末吧。 ◆ If anyone calls, tell them I'm not at home. 要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。 ◆ If he improved his IT skills, he'd (= he would)easily get a job. 他如果提高了自己的信息技术技能，就会容易找到工作。 ◆ You would know what was going on if you'd (= you had)listened. 你若是注意听了就会知道发生什么事了。 ◆ They would have been here by now if they'd caught the early train. 假若他们赶上了早班火车，现在就该到这里了。 ◆ If I was in charge, I'd do things differently. 假若由我负责，我不会这样办事的。 ◆ ( rather formal) If I were in charge… 假若由我负责… ◆ Even if (= although)you did see someone, you can't be sure it was him. 即使你确实看见有个人，也不能保证那就是他。 2 ★ when; whenever; every time 当；无论何时；每次 ◆ If metal gets hot it expands. 金属受热就膨胀。 ◆ She glares at me if I go near her desk. 我一走近她的办公桌，她就对我瞪眼。 3 ( formal) used with willor wouldto ask sb politely to do sth （与 will 或 would 连用，表示客气地请求） ◆ If you will sit down for a few moments, I'll tell the manager you're here. 请稍坐，我这就告诉经理说您来了。 ◆ If you would care to leave your name, we'll contact you as soon as possible. 麻烦您留下姓名，我们会尽快与您联系的。 4 ★ used after ask, know, find out, wonder,etc. to introduce one of two or more possibilities （用于 ask、know、find out、wonder 等之后，引出两个或以上的可能性之一）是否 SYN whether ◆ Do you know if he's married? 你知道他是否结婚了？ ◆ I wonder if I should wear a coat or not. 我不知道该不该穿外套。 ◆ He couldn't tell if she was laughing or crying. 他弄不清楚她是在笑还是在哭。 ◆ Listen to the tune and see if you can remember the words. 听听曲调，看你能否记起歌词。 5 ★ used after verbs or adjectives expressing feelings （用于表示情感的动词或形容词之后） ◆ I am sorry if I disturbed you. 很抱歉，打搅您了。 ◆ I'd be grateful if you would keep it a secret. 你如果能对此保密，我将不胜感激。 ◆ Do you mind if I turn the TV off? 我关上电视可以吗？ 6 ★ used to admit that sth is possible, but to say that it is not very important （承认某事可能，但不很重要）即使，虽然 ◆ If she has any weakness, it is her Italian. 如果要说她有什么缺点，那就是她的意大利语不大行。 ◆ So what ifhe was late. Who cares? 他就是迟到了又怎么样。谁在乎？ 7 used before an adjective to introduce a contrast （置于形容词之前，引出对比）虽然，尽管 ◆ He's a good driver, if a little over-confident. 他是个好司机，虽然有点过于自信。 ◆ We'll only do it once— if at all. 我们就是干也只会干一次。 8 ★ used to ask sb to listen to your opinion （请对方听自己的意见） ◆ If you ask me, she's too scared to do it. 依我看，她被吓得不敢做了。 ◆ If you think about it, those children must be at school by now. 想想吧，那些孩子现在一定在学校了。 ◆ If you remember, Mary was always fond of animals. 记得吧，玛丽总是喜欢动物。 9 used before could, mayor mightto suggest sth or to interrupt sb politely （置于 could、may 或 might 之前，以提出建议或客气地打断别人的话） ◆ If I may make a suggestion, perhaps we could begin a little earlier next week. 我来提个建议吧，或许我们下个星期可以早一点开始。 IDIOMS ˌif and ˈwhen used to say sth about an event that may or may not happen （谈及可能发生或不发生的事时说） ◆ If and when we ever meet again I hope he remembers what I did for him. 倘若我们再次见面，我希望他还记得我为他做的事。 if ˈanything used to express an opinion about sth, or after a negative statement to suggest that the opposite is true （表达看法，或用在否定句之后表示反面意见才对） ◆ I'd say he was more like his father, if anything. 依我看，如果一定要说他像谁的话，他比较像他的父亲。 ◆ She's not thin—if anything she's on the plump side. 她并不瘦，其实她还有点胖呢。 ★ if ˌI were ˈyou used to give sb advice （提出劝告时说） ◆ If I were you I'd start looking for another job. 我要是你，就会去另找工作了。 if ˈnot 1 ★ used to introduce a different suggestion, after a sentence with if （用在 if 引导的句子之后）不然，要不 ◆ I'll go if you're going. If not (= if you are not)I'd rather stay at home. 你去我就去。不然的话，我宁愿待在家里。 2 ★ used after a yes/noquestion to say what will or should happen if the answer is ‘no’ （用于 yes ╱ no 疑问句之后，表示如果答案是 no，将会或应该发生什么） ◆ Are you ready? If not, I'm going without you. 你准备好了吗？否则我就自己去了。 ◆ Do you want that cake? If not, I'll have it. 你要那块蛋糕吗？不然我就要了。 3 used to suggest that sth may be even larger, more important, etc. than was first stated （表示可能更大或更重要等） ◆ They cost thousands if not millions of pounds to build. 建设要耗费数千英镑，甚至可能是数百万英镑。 ★ if ˈonly used to say that you wish sth was true or that sth had happened 但愿 ◆ If only I were rich. 但愿我很富有。 ◆ If only I knew her name. 我要是知道她的名字就好了。 ◆ If only he'd remembered to send that letter. 要是他没忘记发那封信就好了。 ◆ If only I had gone by taxi. 我要是乘出租车去就好了。 it's not as if used to say that sth that is happening is surprising （表示所发生的事情令人惊讶） ◆ I'm surprised they've invited me to their wedding—it's not as if I know them well. 我很惊讶他们居然请我参加他们的婚礼，我跟他们似乎并不熟。 ˈonly if ( rather formal) used to state the only situation in which sth can happen 只有 ◆ Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room. 学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。 ◆ Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees. 只有红灯闪亮时才有危及职工的险情。 noun ( informal) a situation that is not certain 不确定的情况 ◆ If he wins—and it's a big if—he'll be the first Englishman to win for fifty years. 假设他赢了，不过这还是个很大的疑问，他将成为五十年以来第一个获胜的英国人。 ◆ There are still a lot of ifs and butsbefore everything's settled. 在一切得以解决之前还有很多不定因素。 GRAMMAR POINT 语法说明 if / whether ■ Both ifand whetherare used in reporting questions which expect ‘yes’ or ‘no’ as the answer *if 和 whether 均用于要求以 yes 或 no 作答的转述疑问句中： ◆ She asked if/whether I wanted a drink. 她问我要不要喝点什么。 although whethersounds more natural with particular verbs such as discuss, considerand decide.When a choice is offered between alternatives ifor whethercan be used. 不过 whether 与 discuss、consider 和 decide 等动词连用听起来更自然。提供选择时用 if 或 whether 均可： ◆ We didn’t know if/whether we should write or phone. 我们不知道是写信好还是打电话好。 In this last type of sentence, whetheris usually considered more formal and more suitable for written English. 在最后这一句型中，一般认为 whether 较正式，更适用于书面英语。 if / ɪf ; NAmE ɪf /
LDC	if1 conjunction if2 noun ifif1 /ɪf/ ●●● S1 W1 conjunction Word Origin Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1used when talking about something that might happen or be true, or might have happened: We’ll stay at home if it rains. If you need money, I can lend you some. If I didn’t apologize, I’d feel guilty. If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exams. What would happen to your family if you were to die in an accident? If Dad were here, he would know what to do. Taste the soup and add salt and pepper if necessary. I want to get back by five o’clock if possible. I think I can fix it tomorrow. If not, you’ll have to wait till Friday. Is the book available, and if so, where? The missiles can be fired only if the operator types in a six-digit code. We’ll face that problem if and when it comes along (=if it happens or when it happens). If by any chance you can’t manage dinner tonight, perhaps we can at least have a drink together.2used to mention a fact, situation, or event that someone asks about, or is not certain about: He stopped to ask me if I was all right. I don’t know if what I am saying makes any sense. I doubt if anyone will remember me. I’m not sure if this is the right road or not.3used to mention a type of event or situation when talking about what happens on occasions of that type: If I go to bed late, I feel dreadful in the morning. Plastic will melt if it gets too hot.4used when saying what someone’s feelings are about a possible situation: You don’t seem to care if I’m tired. I’m sorry if I upset you. It would be nice if we could spend more time together.5spoken used when making a polite request: I wonder if you could help me. I’d be grateful if you would send me further details. Would you mind if I open a window? If you would just wait for a moment, I’ll try to find your papers.6used when you are adding that something may be even more, less, better, worse etc than you have just said: Brian rarely, if ever, goes to bed before 3 am. Their policies have changed little, if at all, since the last election. Her needs are just as important as yours, if not more so. The snow was now two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, to get the car out.7even if used to emphasize that, although something may happen or may be true, it will not change a situation: I wouldn’t tell you even if I knew. Even if she survives, she’ll never fully recover.8if anything used when adding a remark that changes what you have just said or makes it stronger: It’s warm enough here in London. A little too warm, if anything.9spoken used during a conversation when you are trying to make a suggestion, change the subject, or interrupt someone else: If I might just make a suggestion, I think that the matter could be easily settled with a little practical demonstration. If I could just take one example to illustrate this.10if I were you spoken used when giving advice and telling someone what you think they should do: I wouldn’t worry about it if I were you.11if only a)used to express a strong wish, especially when you know that what you want cannot happen: If only he had talked to her sooner! If only I weren’t so tired! b)used to give a reason for something, although you think it is not a good one: Media studies is regarded as a more exciting subject, if only because it’s new.12used to say that, although something may be true, it is not important: If he has a fault at all, it is that he is too generous. Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is that she expects to be successful all the time.13used when adding one criticism of a person or thing that you generally like: The eldest son was highly intelligent, if somewhat lazy. Lunch was a grand if rather noisy affair. → as if at as2(9) , → if ever there was one at ever(15) , → what if ... ? at what GRAMMARChoosing the right tense• You use if with the present tense, when talking about possible future events: · If I see him, I’ll tell him. ✗Don’t say: If I will see him, I’ll tell him.• You use if with the past tense to talk about something that is unlikely or impossible: · If I won the lottery, I would leave my job. ✗Don’t say: If I would win the lottery ...• In everyday spoken English, you say if I was: · If I was younger, I’d do it myself.• In more formal English, you say if I were: · If I were in your position, I’d ask for help.• You use if with the past perfect to talk about something that did not happen: · If they had tried to stop the protest, there would have been a riot. ✗Don’t say: If they would have tried to stop the protest ...• You also use if with the present perfect, when talking about whether something has happened or not: · If she hasn’t called by tomorrow, I’ll call her.Grammar guide ‒ VERBSComparisonif• You say: · I’m not sure if I heard him correctly.· I don’t know if he is guilty.whether• You say: · I’m not sure whether I heard him correctly.· I don’t know whether he is guilty.• You can use whether after a preposition: · We discussed the issue of whether to pay. ✗Don’t say: the issue of if to pay• You can say whether to do something: · He doesn’t know whether to accept. ✗Don’t say: He doesn’t know if to accept.Grammar guide ‒ VERBSTHESAURUSif used when talking about the possibility that something might happen or be true: · He faces a long prison sentence if the court finds him guilty.· If scientists’ predictions are correct, average global temperatures could rise by 6 degrees.unless if something does not happen, or if someone does not do something: · The star is difficult to see unless the sky is very clear.· Doctors said they could not treat the boy unless his parents gave their permission.whether or not used when saying that it does not matter if something happens or not, or if something is true or not: · Most people will get better on their own, whether or not they receive medical treatment.· I’m still going, whether she likes it or not.otherwise used when saying that there will be a bad result if someone does not do something, or if something does not happen: · Drink plenty of water – otherwise you will become dehydrated.in case in order to deal with something that might happen: · She did not think it would rain, but she took her umbrella just in case.· It is best to keep a medical kit ready in case of emergency.as long as/provided that only if something else happens or is true: · Visitors are welcome, as long as they bring their own tent.· Anyone can join the course, provided that there is space available.· As long as you can find a computer, you can access an internet-based bank account wherever you are.on condition that used when you agree to do something only if someone first agrees to do something else: · He was offered the job on condition that he went on a month-long training course. if1 conjunction if2 noun ifif2 noun [countable] informal Examples Collocations Phrases 1ifs and buts British English, ifs, ands, or buts American English if you do not want any ifs and buts, you want someone to do something quickly without arguing: No ifs and buts – just make sure the job is done by tomorrow!2and it’s a big if used to say that something is not likely to happen: The team will go racing next year if – and it’s a very big if – they can raise £6 million.3something that may or may not happen: There are too many ifs in this plan of yours.
WDF	if [ɪf] CET4CET6TEM4考研 c40 1011860 278863 233378 214308 165054 120257 CONJ30 44780675 Spoken: 66512919 ifs[2919] 如果(31%)，是否(18%)，即使(18%)，条件(18%)，设想(12%)，每当(3%) conj.（表条件）如果；即使；是否；（表假设）假如 n.条件；设想

I Happen If Sth Don’t Introduce Phr Conj Subord I

if

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