Question

be be ★★★★★1. AUXILIARY VERB USES 助动词用法2. OTHER VERB USES 其他动词用法Part-1In spoken English, forms of be are often shortened, for example ‘I am’ is shortened to ‘I'm’ and ‘was not’ is shortened to ‘wasn't’.在英语口语中，be经常使用缩合形式。如，I am 略作 I'm, was not 略作 wasn't。1[AUX	助动词]（和现在分词连用构成动词的进行式） You use be with a present participle to form the continuous tenses of verbs. be going to→see: going；   [AUX -ing]  [AUX]This is happening in every school throughout the country...全国各地每所学校都在发生这样的事情。She didn't  always think carefully about what she was doing...她对自己在做的事情并不总是考虑得很清楚。Pratt & Whitney has announced that it will be making further job reductions...普惠公司宣布将进一步裁员。He had only been trying to help...他只是想尽力帮忙。He's doing better than I am.他现在混得比我好。2[AUX	助动词]（和过去分词连用构成被动语态） You use be with a past participle to form the passive voice.   [AUX -ed]Forensic experts were called in...法医专家被请来。Her husband was killed in a car crash...她的丈夫死于车祸。The cost of electricity from coal-fired stations is expected to fall...用煤作燃料的火力发电站的成本有望降低。Similar action is being taken by the US government.美国政府正在采取相似的行动。3[AUX	助动词]（和不定式连用表示将来的安排或确定会发生的事情） You use be with an infinitive to indicate that something is planned to happen, that it will definitely happen, or that it must happen. be about to→see: about；   [AUX to-inf]The talks are to begin tomorrow...谈判将于明天开始。It was to be Johnson's first meeting with the board in nearly a month...这将是近一个月来约翰逊首次和董事会碰面。You must take the whole project more seriously if you are to succeed...如果你想成功的话，你必须更认真地对待整个项目。You are to answer to Brian, to take your orders from him.你需要向布赖恩汇报，听从他的指挥。4[AUX	助动词]（和不定式连用表示在某种情况下会发生什么事，应该怎样做或应该由谁来做） You use be with an infinitive to say or ask what should happen or be done in a particular situation, how it should happen, or who should do it.   [AUX to-inf]What am I to do without him?...没有他，我该怎么办？Who is to say which of them had more power?...谁来决定他们之中谁的权力应该更大一些？What is to be done?...应该怎么做？Professor Hirsch is to be commended for bringing the state of our educational system to public notice.在赫希教授的努力下，我们教育体系的现状引起了公众关注，为此对他应该给予嘉许。5[AUX	助动词]（was和were和不定式连用，表示说话时间之后发生的事） You use was and were with an infinitive to talk about something that happened later than the time you are discussing, and was not planned or certain at that time.   [AUX to-inf]Then he received a phone call that was to change his life...然后，他接到一个将改变他一生的电话。A few hours later he was to prove it.几个小时之后他将证明这一点。6[AUX	助动词]（表示可见到、可听到、可发现等） You can say that something is to be seen, heard, or found in a particular place to mean that people can see it, hear it, or find it in that place.   [AUX -ed]Little traffic was to be seen on the streets...街上车辆很少。They are to be found all over the world.它们遍布于世界各地。Part-2In spoken English, forms of be are often shortened, for example ‘I am’ is shortened to ‘I'm’ and ‘was not’ is shortened to ‘wasn't’.在英语口语中，be经常使用缩合形式。如，I am 略作 I'm, was not 略作 wasn't。1[V-LINK	连系动词]（用于提供与主语相关的信息） You use be to introduce more information about the subject, such as its identity, nature, qualities, or position.   [V n]  [V adj]  [V prep/adv]  [V]She's my mother...她是我母亲。This is Elizabeth Blunt, BBC, West Africa...英国广播公司的伊丽莎白·布伦特在西非为您报道。He is a very attractive man...他是一个很有魅力的男人。My grandfather was a butcher...我祖父是个屠夫。The fact that you were willing to pay in the end is all that matters...最后你愿意付钱才是最重要的。He is fifty and has been through two marriages...他今年50岁，经历过两次婚姻。The sky was black...天空一片漆黑。It is 1,267 feet high...它有1,267英尺高。Cheney was in Madrid...切尼当时在马德里。His house is next door...他的房子就在隔壁。Their last major film project was in 1964...他们上一个重要电影项目完成于1964年。'Is it safe?' — 'Well of course it is.'...“安全吗？”——“当然啦。”He's still alive isn't  he?他还活着，不是吗？2[V-LINK	连系动词]（以it作主语，用来进行描述或作出判断） You use be, with 'it' as the subject, in clauses where you are describing something or giving your judgment of a situation.   [it V adj]  [it V adj to-inf]  [it V adj that]  [it V adj -ing]  [it V n that]  [it V n -ing]  [it V n to-inf]  [it V prep to-inf]It was too chilly for swimming...这时候游泳太冷了。Sometimes it is necessary to say no...有时候拒绝是必要的。It is likely that investors will face losses...投资者们可能要面临损失。It's nice having friends to chat to...有朋友聊聊天是很惬意的。It's a good thing I brought lots of handkerchiefs...还好我买了很多手帕。It's no good just having meetings...光开会是没有用的。It's a good idea to avoid refined food...最好少吃精加工食品。It's up to us to prove it.这得靠我们来证明。3[V-LINK	连系动词]（与非人称代词there连用构成there is和there are表示存在或发生） You use be with the impersonal pronoun 'there' in expressions like there is and there are to say that something exists or happens.   [there V n]Clearly there is a problem here...显然，这里出了个问题。There are very few cars on this street...这条街道上车辆很少。There was nothing new in the letter...信里没有什么新的内容。There were always things to think about when she went walking.她去散步的时候总是有一些事情要考虑。4[V-LINK	连系动词]（表示主语和从句和其他从句结构之间的某种联系） You use be as a link between a subject and a clause and in certain other clause structures, as shown below.   [V n]  [V to-inf]  [V -ing]  [V wh]  [V that]  [V as if]It was me she didn't like, not what I represented...她不喜欢的是我，而不是我的陈述。What the media should not do is to exploit people's natural fears...媒体不应该利用人们天生的恐惧心理。Our greatest problem is convincing them...我们最大的问题就是要说服他们。The question was whether protection could be improved...问题在于是否能够加强保护。All she knew was that I'd had a broken marriage...她只知道我的婚姻已经破裂。Local residents said it was as if there had been a nuclear explosion.当地的居民说就好像发生了核爆炸一样。5[V-LINK	连系动词]（用在如the thing is和the point is这样的结构中，引导表示陈述或提出观点的从句） You use be in expressions like the thing is and the point is to introduce a clause in which you make a statement or give your opinion.   [V cl]  [SPOKEN 口语]The fact is, the players gave everything they had...事实上，选手们尽了全力。The plan is good； the problem is it doesn't  go far enough.计划不错；问题在于不够深入。6[V-LINK	连系动词]（用在如to be fair, to be honest或to be serious 这样的结构中表示尽量） You use be in expressions like to be fair ,to be honest, or to be serious to introduce an additional statement or opinion, and to indicate that you are trying to be fair, honest, or serious.   [V adj]She's always noticed. But then, to be honest, Ghislaine likes being noticed...她总是受到关注。但是说句实在话，吉莱纳喜欢被人关注。It enabled students to devote more time to their studies, or to be more accurate, more time to relaxation.它可以让学生们有更多的时间来学习，或者更准确一点说，有更多的时间来放松自己。7[V-LINK	连系动词]（有时用来代替现在时态中be的几个常规形式，尤用于whether后） The form 'be' is used occasionally instead of the normal forms of the present tense, especially after 'whether'.   [be n]  [FORMAL 正式]The chemical agent, whether it be mustard gas or nerve gas, can be absorbed by the skin.这类化学制剂，不管是芥子气还是神经瓦斯，都会被皮肤吸收。8[VERB	动词]存在 If something is, it exists.   [V]  [mainly FORMAL or LITERARY 主正式或文]It hurt so badly he wished to cease to be.他觉得疼痛难忍，恨不得死了算了。...to be or not to be.活着还是死去9[V-LINK	连系动词]保持真我；按自己的方式行事；显常态 To be yourself means to behave in the way that is right and natural for you and your personality.   [V pron-refl]She'd learnt to be herself and to stand up for her convictions.她已经学会了按自己的方式行事，坚持自己的信仰。10[PHRASE	短语]非常；极为 If someone or something is, for example, as happy as can be or as quiet as could be, they are extremely happy or extremely quiet.   [usu v-link PHR]11[PHRASE	短语]如果不是…的话；如果没有…的话 If you talk about what would happen if it wasn't for someone or something, you mean that they are the only thing that is preventing it from happening.   [V inflects]I could happily move back into a flat if it wasn't  for the fact that I'd miss my garden...如果不是因为我会想念自己的花园的话，我会很乐意搬回公寓住。If it hadn't been for her your father would be alive today.如果不是因为她，你父亲今天可能还活着。12[PHRASE	短语]尽管那样；即便如此 You say 'Be that as it may' when you want to move onto another subject or go further with the discussion, without deciding whether what has just been said is right or wrong.   [vagueness]'Is he still just as fat?' — 'I wouldn't know,' continued her mother, ignoring the interruption, 'and be that as it may, he has made a fortune.'“他还是那么胖吗？”——“我不知道，”她妈妈接着说，没有理睬这一打岔，“就算那样，他已经发财了。”13[PHRASE	短语]身体不舒服；身体不适 If you say that you are not yourself, you mean you are not feeling well.   [V inflects]She is not herself. She came near to a breakdown.她身体不舒服，简直要崩溃了。 be1 auxiliary verbbe2 verbbebe1 /bi; strong biː/ ●●● S1 W1 auxiliary verb (past tense was, were, past participle been, present participle being, first person singular am, second person singular and plural are, third person singular is)  Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1used with a present participle to form the continuous(4) tenses of verbs:  Don’t disturb me while I’m working. Gemma was reading. They’ve been asking a lot of questions. That guy’s always causing trouble. We’ll be starting in about an hour. He isn’t leaving, is he?2used with past participles to form the passive:  Smoking is not permitted. I was told about it yesterday. The house is being painted. She’s been invited to a party. The flames could be seen several miles away. The police should have been informed about this.3be to do something formal a)used to talk about arrangements for the future:  Audrey and Jimmy are to be married in June. Two men are to appear in court on charges of armed robbery. b)used to give an order or to tell someone about a rule:  You are to wait here in this room until I return. All staff are to wear uniforms. c)used to say or ask what someone should do or what should happen:  What am I to tell her? He is not to be blamed. d)used to ask how something can be done:  How are we to get out of the present mess?4be to be seen/found/heard etc used to say that something can be seen, found, or heard somewhere:  A large range of species are to be seen in the aquarium. We searched everywhere but the ring was nowhere to be found (=could not be found). The only sound to be heard was the twittering of the birds above us.5was/were to do something used when talking about a time in the past to say what happened later:  This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease.6 a)used in conditional1(2) sentences about an imagined situationwere somebody to do something/if somebody were to do something Even if England were to win the next two matches, Germany would still be three points ahead. Were we to offer you the job, would you take it? b)used in conditional sentences to introduce an aim when you are saying what must be done in order to achieve itif somebody/something is to do something If we are to succeed in this enterprise, we shall need to plan everything very carefully.7old use used instead of ‘have’ to form the perfect3 tense of some verbs:  The hour is come.be1 auxiliary verbbe2 verbbebe2 ●●● S1 W1 verb  Word Origin Verb Table Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1[linking verb] used to say that someone or something is the same as the subject of the sentence:  My name is Susan. These are my favourite pictures. He’s my brother. The problem is finding the time to get things done. Our aim was to reduce the number of accidents.2[intransitive always + adverb/preposition] used to say where something or someone is:  Jane’s upstairs. Are my keys in the drawer? The principal’s in his office. How long has she been here?3[intransitive always + adverb/preposition] used to say when something happens:  The concert was last night. The party is on Saturday.4[linking verb] used to describe someone or something, or say what group or type they belong to:  The sky was grey. Spiders are not really insects. Mr Cardew was a tall thin man. She wants to be a doctor when she leaves school. Her dress was pure silk. I’m not ready yet.5there is/are used to say that something exists or happens:  There’s a hole in your trousers. There was a loud explosion. ‘I thought there was going to be a party.’ ‘No, there isn’t.’ Is there a problem?6[linking verb] to behave in a particular way:  He was just being rude. Don’t be silly. You’d better be careful.7[linking verb] used to say how old someone is:  His mother died when he was 20. Rachel will be three in November.8[linking verb] used to say who something belongs to:  Whose is this bag? It isn’t mine and it isn’t Sarah’s.9[linking verb] used to talk about the price of something:  ‘How much are the melons?’ ‘The big ones are £2 each.’► see thesaurus at cost10[linking verb] to be equal to a particular number or amount:  32 divided by 8 is 4.11be that as it may formal used to say that even though you accept that something is true, it does not change a situation:  ‘He was only joking.’ ‘Be that as it may, silly remarks like that can do a lot of harm.’12[intransitive] formal to exist:  What was once a great and powerful empire has effectively ceased to be.13be yourself to behave in a natural way, rather than trying to pretend to be different:  Don’t try too hard – just be yourself.14not be yourself to be behaving in a way that is unusual for you, especially because you are ill or upset:  Sorry – I’m not myself this morning.15the be-all and end-all the most important part of a situation or of someone’s lifebe of For Jim, making money was the be-all and end-all of his job.GRAMMAR: Linking verbsBe is a linking verb. This type of verb links the subject of the sentence with an adjective or noun: · The water was cold.· Leeds is a city in the north of England.

Accepted Answer

jEPoK/1xFvkT+4I2iOf8EVU/CfnPuL2qlIUQHGxSlCemxV87DibmTO+AqTitfcimYRbxEF3cjUpxZ/c7Qc0J3hTNvgSB9c/bdcO+Pi2wA/uvO+Sp+HaxYjAdKbMatpdfzf70dzUUpj0KTOwdo+TBVE5HfUBsKadSm36awJb8o5Q8P7MASfnqXEGAeRphN9SN             be              ★                    /        bi                ;          NAmE                bi                /                    /        strong form        biː                strong form        biː                /                              verb                ,                  auxiliary verb                            be      am      are      is      was      were      being      been                            verb        ★                    1      ★              linking verb            there is/are + noun              to exist; to be present          有；存在                            ◆        Is there a God?        上帝存在吗？                    ◆        Once upon a time there was a princess…        从前有一位公主…                    ◆        I tried phoning but there was no answer.        我试打过电话，但没人接。                    ◆        There's a bank down the road.        沿马路不远有一家银行。                    ◆        Was there a pool at the hotel?        旅馆里有游泳池吗？                    2      ★              [intransitive        ]            + adv./prep.              to be located; to be in a place          位于；在（某处）                            ◆        The town is three miles away.        镇子距此地三英里远。                    ◆        If you're looking for your file, it's on the table.        你要找的文件在桌子上。                    ◆        Mary's upstairs.        玛丽在楼上。                    3      ★              [intransitive        ]            + adv./prep.              to happen at a time or in a place          （在某时或某地）发生                            ◆        The party is on Friday evening.        聚会定于周五晚上举行。                    ◆        The meetings are always in the main conference room.        会议总是在主会议室进行。                    4      ★              [intransitive        ]            + adv./prep.              to remain in a place          留在（某地）；逗留                            ◆        She has been in her room for hours.        她已经在她的房间里待了几个小时了。                    ◆        They're here till Christmas.        他们将在这里一直住到圣诞节。                    5      ★              [intransitive        ]            + adv./prep.              to attend an event; to be present in a place          出席；到场                            ◆        I'll be at the party.        我将出席聚会。                    ◆        He'll be here soon          (= will arrive soon).                他很快就会到达。                    6      ★              [intransitive        ]            (        only used in the perfect tenses          仅用于完成时        )            + adv./prep.              to visit or call          前往；造访；访问                            ◆        I've never been to Spain.        我从未去过西班牙。                    ◆        He had been abroad many times.        他曾多次出国。                    ◆        (          BrE)                Has the postman been yet?        邮递员来过了吗？                              HELP                           In            NAmE,            comeis used instead            在美式英语中用 come 代替                                    ◆          Has the mailman come yet?            邮递员来过了吗？                                      7      ★              [intransitive        ]                    befrom…                    used to say where sb was born or where their home is          出生于（某地）；来自…；是（某地的）人                            ◆        She's from Italy.        她是意大利人。                    8      ★              linking verb                    used when you are naming people or things, describing them or giving more information about them          （提供名称或信息时用）                    + noun              ◆        Today is Monday.        今天是星期一。                    ◆        ‘Who is that?’ ‘It's my brother.’        “那个人是谁？”“是我哥哥。”                    ◆        She's a great beauty.        她是个大美人。                    ◆        Susan is a doctor.        苏珊是医生。                    ◆        He wants to be          (= become)a pilot when he grows up.                他想在长大后当飞行员。            + adj.              ◆        It's beautiful!        美呀！                    ◆        Life is unfair.        人生没有公平。                    ◆        He is ten years old.        他十岁了。                    ◆        ‘How are you?’ ‘I'm very well, thanks.’        “你好吗？”“我很好，谢谢。”                    ◆        Be quick!        快点！                    be(that)…                    ◆                  The fact is(that) we don't have enough money.                事实是我们没有那么多钱。                    bedoing sth                    ◆        The problem is getting it all done in the time available.        问题是要在现有的时间内把它全部完成。                    beto do sth                    ◆        The problem is to get it all done in the time available.        问题是要在现有的时间内把它全部完成。                    9      ★              linking verb            it is/was              used when you are describing a situation or saying what you think about it          （描述情况或表达想法时用）                    + adj.              ◆        It was really hot in the sauna.        桑拿浴的确很热。                    ◆        It's strange how she never comes to see us any more.        奇怪，她怎么再也不来看我们了。                    ◆        He thinks it's clever to make fun of people.        他觉得拿别人开玩笑显得聪明。            + noun              ◆        It would be a shame if you lost it.        你要是把它丢了就太可惜了。                    ◆        It's going to be a great match.        这将是一场了不起的比赛。                    10      ★              linking verb            it is/was              used to talk about time          （用于表达时间）                    + noun              ◆        It's two thirty.        现在是两点三十。            + adj.              ◆        It was late at night when we finally arrived.        我们最后到达时已是深夜。                    11      ★              linking verb            + noun              used to say what sth is made of          （表示所用的材料）                            ◆        Is your jacket real leather?        你的夹克是真皮的吗？                    12      ★              linking verb                    [intransitive        ]                    used to say who sth belongs to or who it is intended for          （表示某物所属）                            bemine, yours, etc.                    ◆        The money's not yours, it's John's.        这钱不是你的，是约翰的。                    befor me, you, etc.                    ◆        This package is for you.        这份包裹是给你的。                    13      ★              linking verb            + noun              to cost          花费；值                            ◆        ‘How much is that dress?’ ‘Eighty dollars.’        “那条连衣裙多少钱？”“八十块钱。”                    14      ★              linking verb            + noun              to be equal to          等于；等同                            ◆        Three and three is six.        三加三等于六。                    ◆        How much is a thousand pounds in euros?        一千英镑合多少欧元？                    ◆        Let x be the sum of a and b.        设 x 为 a 加 b 之和。                    ◆        London is not England          (= do not think that all of England is like London).                伦敦并不等于英格兰（不要以为整个英格兰都像伦敦）。                    15      ★              linking verb            ~ everything, nothing, etc. (to sb)              used to say how important sth is to sb          （表示对某人的重要性）                            ◆        Money isn't everything          (= it is not the only important thing).                金钱不是一切（不是唯一重要的东西）。                    ◆        A thousand dollars is nothing to somebody as rich as he is.        一千元对于像他这么富有的人来说算不上什么。                    IDIOMS              Most idioms containing          beare at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example          be the death of sbis at          death.          大多数含 be 的习语，都可在该等习语中的名词及形容词相关词条找到，如 be the death of sb 在词条 death 下。                the ˌbe-all and ˈend-all (of sth)                              (              informal)                        the most important part; all that matters              最重要的部份；最要紧的事                                            ◆            Her career is the be-all and end-all of her existence.            她的事业是她生活中至关重要的事。                                      as/that was                              as sb/sth used to be called              像以往所称呼的；作为曾用名                                            ◆            Jill Davis that was              (= before her marriage)                        （婚前）姓名为吉尔 · 戴维斯                                ◆            the Soviet Union, as was            旧称苏联                                      (he, she, etc. has) been and ˈdone sth                              (              BrE) (              informal)                        used to show that you are surprised and annoyed by sth that sb has done              （表示吃惊和恼怒）                                            ◆            Someone's been and parked in front of the entrance!            有人居然把车停在大门口前！                                ☞see also                          go and do sth              at              go                             v.                                                  ★        if it wasn't/weren't for…                              used to say that sb/sth stopped sb/sth from happening              若不是（某人╱某事）；幸亏                                            ◆            If it weren't for you, I wouldn't be alive today.            如果不是你，我今天不会还活着。                                      ˌleave/ˌlet sb/sth ˈbe                              to leave sb/sth alone without disturbing them or it              随…去；不打扰某人╱某事                                            ◆            Leave her be, she obviously doesn't want to talk about it.            别烦她了，她显然不想谈论这事。                                ◆            Let the poor dog be              (= don't annoy it).                        别逗弄那条可怜的狗了。                                      -to-be                              (              in compounds                构成复合词              )                        future              将来                                            ◆            his bride-to-be            他的未婚妻                                ◆            mothers-to-be              (= pregnant women)                        孕妇                                                    auxiliary verb        ★                    1      ★              used with a past participle to form the passive          （与过去分词连用构成被动语态）                            ◆        He was killed in the war.        他死于这场战争。                    ◆        Where were they made?        这些东西是在哪里制造的？                    ◆        The house was still being built.        房子还在建造中。                    ◆        You will be told what to do.        会有人告诉你该干什么的。                    2      ★              used with a present participle to form progressive tenses          （与现在分词连用构成进行时）                            ◆        I am studying Chinese.        我正在学中文。                    ◆        I'll be seeing him soon.        我很快就要见到他了。                    ◆        What have you been doing this week?        你这个星期都在做些什么？                    ◆        I'm always being criticized.        我总是受到批评。                    3      ★              used to make          question tags(= short questions added to the end of statements)          （用于反意疑问句）                            ◆        You're not hungry, are you?        你不饿，对吧？                    ◆        Ben's coming, isn't he?        本要来，是不是？                    ◆        The old theatre was pulled down, wasn't it?        老戏院被拆了，对不？                    4      ★              used to avoid repeating the full form of a verb in the passive or a progressive tense          （在被动语态或进行时中代替重复的动词完整形式）                            ◆        Karen wasn't beaten in any of her games, but all the others were.        卡伦没有输掉任何一场比赛，但所有其他人都输过。                    ◆        ‘Are you coming with us?’ ‘No, I'm not.’        “你和我们一起去吗？”“不，我不了。”                    5      ★              beto do sth                    used to say what must or should be done          （表示必须或应该）                            ◆        I am to call them once I reach the airport.        我一到机场就得给他们打电话。                    ◆        You are to report this to the police.        这件事你应该报警。                    ◆        What is to be done about this problem?        该如何处理这个问题？                    6      ★              beto do sth                    used to say what is arranged to happen          （表示已安排好要做的事）                            ◆        They are to be married in June.        他们计划于六月份结婚。                    7              beto do sth                    used to say what happened later          （表示后来发生的事）                            ◆        He was to regret that decision for the rest of his life          (= he did regret it).                他终生都会后悔作出了那一决定。                    8              benot, never, etc. to be done                    used to say what could not or did not happen          （表示不会或没有发生时用）                            ◆        Anna was nowhere to be found          (= we could not find her anywhere).                我们到处都找不到安娜。                    ◆        He was never to see his wife again          (= although he did not know it would be so at the time, he did not see her again).                他注定再也见不到他的妻子了。                    ◆        She wanted to write a successful novel, but          it was not to be          (= it turned out never to happen).                她曾想写一部成功的小说，但从未如愿。                    9      if sb/it were to do sth…      |      were sb/it to do sth…              (          formal)                used to express a condition          （表述条件）                            ◆        If we were to offer you more money, would you stay?        假如我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？                    ◆        Were we to offer you more money, would you stay?        假如我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？                        be              /        bi                ;          NAmE                bi                /             be[bi]was, been, being, isCET4CET6TEM4考研v21671156948732883173845298905929268002748577VERB2502444517Spoken:412628947are[3846057] been[1524581] being[493630] beings[15464] bes[233] was[5158756] were[1590226]是(48%)，在(20%)，有(20%)，到达(6%)，拜访(6%)vt.是； 有，存在； 做，成为； 发生n.(Be)人名；(缅)拜；(日)部(姓)；(朝)培；(中非)贝

word	be
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Collins	be ★★★★★ 1. AUXILIARY VERB USES 助动词用法 2. OTHER VERB USES 其他动词用法 Part-1 In spoken English, forms of be are often shortened, for example ‘I am’ is shortened to ‘I'm’ and ‘was not’ is shortened to ‘wasn't’. 在英语口语中，be经常使用缩合形式。如，I am 略作 I'm, was not 略作 wasn't。 1 [AUX 助动词]（和现在分词连用构成动词的进行式） You use be with a present participle to form the continuous tenses of verbs. be going to→see: going ； [AUX -ing] [AUX] This is happening in every school throughout the country... 全国各地每所学校都在发生这样的事情。 She didn't always think carefully about what she was doing... 她对自己在做的事情并不总是考虑得很清楚。 Pratt & Whitney has announced that it will be making further job reductions... 普惠公司宣布将进一步裁员。 He had only been trying to help... 他只是想尽力帮忙。 He's doing better than I am. 他现在混得比我好。 2 [AUX 助动词]（和过去分词连用构成被动语态） You use be with a past participle to form the passive voice. [AUX -ed] Forensic experts were called in... 法医专家被请来。 Her husband was killed in a car crash... 她的丈夫死于车祸。 The cost of electricity from coal-fired stations is expected to fall... 用煤作燃料的火力发电站的成本有望降低。 Similar action is being taken by the US government. 美国政府正在采取相似的行动。 3 [AUX 助动词]（和不定式连用表示将来的安排或确定会发生的事情） You use be with an infinitive to indicate that something is planned to happen, that it will definitely happen, or that it must happen. be about to→see: about ； [AUX to-inf] The talks are to begin tomorrow... 谈判将于明天开始。 It was to be Johnson's first meeting with the board in nearly a month... 这将是近一个月来约翰逊首次和董事会碰面。 You must take the whole project more seriously if you are to succeed... 如果你想成功的话，你必须更认真地对待整个项目。 You are to answer to Brian, to take your orders from him. 你需要向布赖恩汇报，听从他的指挥。 4 [AUX 助动词]（和不定式连用表示在某种情况下会发生什么事，应该怎样做或应该由谁来做） You use be with an infinitive to say or ask what should happen or be done in a particular situation, how it should happen, or who should do it. [AUX to-inf] What am I to do without him?... 没有他，我该怎么办？ Who is to say which of them had more power?... 谁来决定他们之中谁的权力应该更大一些？ What is to be done?... 应该怎么做？ Professor Hirsch is to be commended for bringing the state of our educational system to public notice. 在赫希教授的努力下，我们教育体系的现状引起了公众关注，为此对他应该给予嘉许。 5 [AUX 助动词]（was和were和不定式连用，表示说话时间之后发生的事） You use was and were with an infinitive to talk about something that happened later than the time you are discussing, and was not planned or certain at that time. [AUX to-inf] Then he received a phone call that was to change his life... 然后，他接到一个将改变他一生的电话。 A few hours later he was to prove it. 几个小时之后他将证明这一点。 6 [AUX 助动词]（表示可见到、可听到、可发现等） You can say that something is to be seen, heard, or found in a particular place to mean that people can see it, hear it, or find it in that place. [AUX -ed] Little traffic was to be seen on the streets... 街上车辆很少。 They are to be found all over the world. 它们遍布于世界各地。 Part-2 In spoken English, forms of be are often shortened, for example ‘I am’ is shortened to ‘I'm’ and ‘was not’ is shortened to ‘wasn't’. 在英语口语中，be经常使用缩合形式。如，I am 略作 I'm, was not 略作 wasn't。 1 [V-LINK 连系动词]（用于提供与主语相关的信息） You use be to introduce more information about the subject, such as its identity, nature, qualities, or position. [V n] [V adj] [V prep/adv] [V] She's my mother... 她是我母亲。 This is Elizabeth Blunt, BBC, West Africa... 英国广播公司的伊丽莎白·布伦特在西非为您报道。 He is a very attractive man... 他是一个很有魅力的男人。 My grandfather was a butcher... 我祖父是个屠夫。 The fact that you were willing to pay in the end is all that matters... 最后你愿意付钱才是最重要的。 He is fifty and has been through two marriages... 他今年50岁，经历过两次婚姻。 The sky was black... 天空一片漆黑。 It is 1,267 feet high... 它有1,267英尺高。 Cheney was in Madrid... 切尼当时在马德里。 His house is next door... 他的房子就在隔壁。 Their last major film project was in 1964... 他们上一个重要电影项目完成于1964年。 'Is it safe?' — 'Well of course it is.'... “安全吗？”——“当然啦。” He's still alive isn't he? 他还活着，不是吗？ 2 [V-LINK 连系动词]（以it作主语，用来进行描述或作出判断） You use be, with 'it' as the subject, in clauses where you are describing something or giving your judgment of a situation. [it V adj] [it V adj to-inf] [it V adj that] [it V adj -ing] [it V n that] [it V n -ing] [it V n to-inf] [it V prep to-inf] It was too chilly for swimming... 这时候游泳太冷了。 Sometimes it is necessary to say no... 有时候拒绝是必要的。 It is likely that investors will face losses... 投资者们可能要面临损失。 It's nice having friends to chat to... 有朋友聊聊天是很惬意的。 It's a good thing I brought lots of handkerchiefs... 还好我买了很多手帕。 It's no good just having meetings... 光开会是没有用的。 It's a good idea to avoid refined food... 最好少吃精加工食品。 It's up to us to prove it. 这得靠我们来证明。 3 [V-LINK 连系动词]（与非人称代词there连用构成there is和there are表示存在或发生） You use be with the impersonal pronoun 'there' in expressions like there is and there are to say that something exists or happens. [there V n] Clearly there is a problem here... 显然，这里出了个问题。 There are very few cars on this street... 这条街道上车辆很少。 There was nothing new in the letter... 信里没有什么新的内容。 There were always things to think about when she went walking. 她去散步的时候总是有一些事情要考虑。 4 [V-LINK 连系动词]（表示主语和从句和其他从句结构之间的某种联系） You use be as a link between a subject and a clause and in certain other clause structures, as shown below. [V n] [V to-inf] [V -ing] [V wh] [V that] [V as if] It was me she didn't like, not what I represented... 她不喜欢的是我，而不是我的陈述。 What the media should not do is to exploit people's natural fears... 媒体不应该利用人们天生的恐惧心理。 Our greatest problem is convincing them... 我们最大的问题就是要说服他们。 The question was whether protection could be improved... 问题在于是否能够加强保护。 All she knew was that I'd had a broken marriage... 她只知道我的婚姻已经破裂。 Local residents said it was as if there had been a nuclear explosion. 当地的居民说就好像发生了核爆炸一样。 5 [V-LINK 连系动词]（用在如the thing is和the point is这样的结构中，引导表示陈述或提出观点的从句） You use be in expressions like the thing is and the point is to introduce a clause in which you make a statement or give your opinion. [V cl] [SPOKEN 口语] The fact is, the players gave everything they had... 事实上，选手们尽了全力。 The plan is good； the problem is it doesn't go far enough. 计划不错；问题在于不够深入。 6 [V-LINK 连系动词]（用在如to be fair, to be honest或to be serious 这样的结构中表示尽量） You use be in expressions like to be fair ,to be honest, or to be serious to introduce an additional statement or opinion, and to indicate that you are trying to be fair, honest, or serious. [V adj] She's always noticed. But then, to be honest, Ghislaine likes being noticed... 她总是受到关注。但是说句实在话，吉莱纳喜欢被人关注。 It enabled students to devote more time to their studies, or to be more accurate, more time to relaxation. 它可以让学生们有更多的时间来学习，或者更准确一点说，有更多的时间来放松自己。 7 [V-LINK 连系动词]（有时用来代替现在时态中be的几个常规形式，尤用于whether后） The form 'be' is used occasionally instead of the normal forms of the present tense, especially after 'whether'. [be n] [FORMAL 正式] The chemical agent, whether it be mustard gas or nerve gas, can be absorbed by the skin. 这类化学制剂，不管是芥子气还是神经瓦斯，都会被皮肤吸收。 8 [VERB 动词]存在 If something is, it exists. [V] [mainly FORMAL or LITERARY 主正式或文] It hurt so badly he wished to cease to be. 他觉得疼痛难忍，恨不得死了算了。 ...to be or not to be. 活着还是死去 9 [V-LINK 连系动词]保持真我；按自己的方式行事；显常态 To be yourself means to behave in the way that is right and natural for you and your personality. [V pron-refl] She'd learnt to be herself and to stand up for her convictions. 她已经学会了按自己的方式行事，坚持自己的信仰。 10 [PHRASE 短语]非常；极为 If someone or something is, for example, as happy as can be or as quiet as could be, they are extremely happy or extremely quiet. [usu v-link PHR] 11 [PHRASE 短语]如果不是…的话；如果没有…的话 If you talk about what would happen if it wasn't for someone or something, you mean that they are the only thing that is preventing it from happening. [V inflects] I could happily move back into a flat if it wasn't for the fact that I'd miss my garden... 如果不是因为我会想念自己的花园的话，我会很乐意搬回公寓住。 If it hadn't been for her your father would be alive today. 如果不是因为她，你父亲今天可能还活着。 12 [PHRASE 短语]尽管那样；即便如此 You say 'Be that as it may' when you want to move onto another subject or go further with the discussion, without deciding whether what has just been said is right or wrong. [vagueness] 'Is he still just as fat?' — 'I wouldn't know,' continued her mother, ignoring the interruption, 'and be that as it may, he has made a fortune.' “他还是那么胖吗？”——“我不知道，”她妈妈接着说，没有理睬这一打岔，“就算那样，他已经发财了。” 13 [PHRASE 短语]身体不舒服；身体不适 If you say that you are not yourself, you mean you are not feeling well. [V inflects] She is not herself. She came near to a breakdown. 她身体不舒服，简直要崩溃了。
Oxford	be ★ / bi ; NAmE bi / / strong form biː strong form biː / verb , auxiliary verb be am are is was were being been verb ★ 1 ★ linking verb there is/are + noun to exist; to be present 有；存在 ◆ Is there a God? 上帝存在吗？ ◆ Once upon a time there was a princess… 从前有一位公主… ◆ I tried phoning but there was no answer. 我试打过电话，但没人接。 ◆ There's a bank down the road. 沿马路不远有一家银行。 ◆ Was there a pool at the hotel? 旅馆里有游泳池吗？ 2 ★ [intransitive ] + adv./prep. to be located; to be in a place 位于；在（某处） ◆ The town is three miles away. 镇子距此地三英里远。 ◆ If you're looking for your file, it's on the table. 你要找的文件在桌子上。 ◆ Mary's upstairs. 玛丽在楼上。 3 ★ [intransitive ] + adv./prep. to happen at a time or in a place （在某时或某地）发生 ◆ The party is on Friday evening. 聚会定于周五晚上举行。 ◆ The meetings are always in the main conference room. 会议总是在主会议室进行。 4 ★ [intransitive ] + adv./prep. to remain in a place 留在（某地）；逗留 ◆ She has been in her room for hours. 她已经在她的房间里待了几个小时了。 ◆ They're here till Christmas. 他们将在这里一直住到圣诞节。 5 ★ [intransitive ] + adv./prep. to attend an event; to be present in a place 出席；到场 ◆ I'll be at the party. 我将出席聚会。 ◆ He'll be here soon (= will arrive soon). 他很快就会到达。 6 ★ [intransitive ] ( only used in the perfect tenses 仅用于完成时 ) + adv./prep. to visit or call 前往；造访；访问 ◆ I've never been to Spain. 我从未去过西班牙。 ◆ He had been abroad many times. 他曾多次出国。 ◆ ( BrE) Has the postman been yet? 邮递员来过了吗？ HELP In NAmE, comeis used instead 在美式英语中用 come 代替 ◆ Has the mailman come yet? 邮递员来过了吗？ 7 ★ [intransitive ] befrom… used to say where sb was born or where their home is 出生于（某地）；来自…；是（某地的）人 ◆ She's from Italy. 她是意大利人。 8 ★ linking verb used when you are naming people or things, describing them or giving more information about them （提供名称或信息时用） + noun ◆ Today is Monday. 今天是星期一。 ◆ ‘Who is that?’ ‘It's my brother.’ “那个人是谁？”“是我哥哥。” ◆ She's a great beauty. 她是个大美人。 ◆ Susan is a doctor. 苏珊是医生。 ◆ He wants to be (= become)a pilot when he grows up. 他想在长大后当飞行员。 + adj. ◆ It's beautiful! 美呀！ ◆ Life is unfair. 人生没有公平。 ◆ He is ten years old. 他十岁了。 ◆ ‘How are you?’ ‘I'm very well, thanks.’ “你好吗？”“我很好，谢谢。” ◆ Be quick! 快点！ be(that)… ◆ The fact is(that) we don't have enough money. 事实是我们没有那么多钱。 bedoing sth ◆ The problem is getting it all done in the time available. 问题是要在现有的时间内把它全部完成。 beto do sth ◆ The problem is to get it all done in the time available. 问题是要在现有的时间内把它全部完成。 9 ★ linking verb it is/was used when you are describing a situation or saying what you think about it （描述情况或表达想法时用） + adj. ◆ It was really hot in the sauna. 桑拿浴的确很热。 ◆ It's strange how she never comes to see us any more. 奇怪，她怎么再也不来看我们了。 ◆ He thinks it's clever to make fun of people. 他觉得拿别人开玩笑显得聪明。 + noun ◆ It would be a shame if you lost it. 你要是把它丢了就太可惜了。 ◆ It's going to be a great match. 这将是一场了不起的比赛。 10 ★ linking verb it is/was used to talk about time （用于表达时间） + noun ◆ It's two thirty. 现在是两点三十。 + adj. ◆ It was late at night when we finally arrived. 我们最后到达时已是深夜。 11 ★ linking verb + noun used to say what sth is made of （表示所用的材料） ◆ Is your jacket real leather? 你的夹克是真皮的吗？ 12 ★ linking verb [intransitive ] used to say who sth belongs to or who it is intended for （表示某物所属） bemine, yours, etc. ◆ The money's not yours, it's John's. 这钱不是你的，是约翰的。 befor me, you, etc. ◆ This package is for you. 这份包裹是给你的。 13 ★ linking verb + noun to cost 花费；值 ◆ ‘How much is that dress?’ ‘Eighty dollars.’ “那条连衣裙多少钱？”“八十块钱。” 14 ★ linking verb + noun to be equal to 等于；等同 ◆ Three and three is six. 三加三等于六。 ◆ How much is a thousand pounds in euros? 一千英镑合多少欧元？ ◆ Let x be the sum of a and b. 设 x 为 a 加 b 之和。 ◆ London is not England (= do not think that all of England is like London). 伦敦并不等于英格兰（不要以为整个英格兰都像伦敦）。 15 ★ linking verb ~ everything, nothing, etc. (to sb) used to say how important sth is to sb （表示对某人的重要性） ◆ Money isn't everything (= it is not the only important thing). 金钱不是一切（不是唯一重要的东西）。 ◆ A thousand dollars is nothing to somebody as rich as he is. 一千元对于像他这么富有的人来说算不上什么。 IDIOMS Most idioms containing beare at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example be the death of sbis at death. 大多数含 be 的习语，都可在该等习语中的名词及形容词相关词条找到，如 be the death of sb 在词条 death 下。 the ˌbe-all and ˈend-all (of sth) ( informal) the most important part; all that matters 最重要的部份；最要紧的事 ◆ Her career is the be-all and end-all of her existence. 她的事业是她生活中至关重要的事。 as/that was as sb/sth used to be called 像以往所称呼的；作为曾用名 ◆ Jill Davis that was (= before her marriage) （婚前）姓名为吉尔 · 戴维斯 ◆ the Soviet Union, as was 旧称苏联 (he, she, etc. has) been and ˈdone sth ( BrE) ( informal) used to show that you are surprised and annoyed by sth that sb has done （表示吃惊和恼怒） ◆ Someone's been and parked in front of the entrance! 有人居然把车停在大门口前！ ☞see also go and do sth at go v. ★ if it wasn't/weren't for… used to say that sb/sth stopped sb/sth from happening 若不是（某人╱某事）；幸亏 ◆ If it weren't for you, I wouldn't be alive today. 如果不是你，我今天不会还活着。 ˌleave/ˌlet sb/sth ˈbe to leave sb/sth alone without disturbing them or it 随…去；不打扰某人╱某事 ◆ Leave her be, she obviously doesn't want to talk about it. 别烦她了，她显然不想谈论这事。 ◆ Let the poor dog be (= don't annoy it). 别逗弄那条可怜的狗了。 -to-be ( in compounds 构成复合词 ) future 将来 ◆ his bride-to-be 他的未婚妻 ◆ mothers-to-be (= pregnant women) 孕妇 auxiliary verb ★ 1 ★ used with a past participle to form the passive （与过去分词连用构成被动语态） ◆ He was killed in the war. 他死于这场战争。 ◆ Where were they made? 这些东西是在哪里制造的？ ◆ The house was still being built. 房子还在建造中。 ◆ You will be told what to do. 会有人告诉你该干什么的。 2 ★ used with a present participle to form progressive tenses （与现在分词连用构成进行时） ◆ I am studying Chinese. 我正在学中文。 ◆ I'll be seeing him soon. 我很快就要见到他了。 ◆ What have you been doing this week? 你这个星期都在做些什么？ ◆ I'm always being criticized. 我总是受到批评。 3 ★ used to make question tags(= short questions added to the end of statements) （用于反意疑问句） ◆ You're not hungry, are you? 你不饿，对吧？ ◆ Ben's coming, isn't he? 本要来，是不是？ ◆ The old theatre was pulled down, wasn't it? 老戏院被拆了，对不？ 4 ★ used to avoid repeating the full form of a verb in the passive or a progressive tense （在被动语态或进行时中代替重复的动词完整形式） ◆ Karen wasn't beaten in any of her games, but all the others were. 卡伦没有输掉任何一场比赛，但所有其他人都输过。 ◆ ‘Are you coming with us?’ ‘No, I'm not.’ “你和我们一起去吗？”“不，我不了。” 5 ★ beto do sth used to say what must or should be done （表示必须或应该） ◆ I am to call them once I reach the airport. 我一到机场就得给他们打电话。 ◆ You are to report this to the police. 这件事你应该报警。 ◆ What is to be done about this problem? 该如何处理这个问题？ 6 ★ beto do sth used to say what is arranged to happen （表示已安排好要做的事） ◆ They are to be married in June. 他们计划于六月份结婚。 7 beto do sth used to say what happened later （表示后来发生的事） ◆ He was to regret that decision for the rest of his life (= he did regret it). 他终生都会后悔作出了那一决定。 8 benot, never, etc. to be done used to say what could not or did not happen （表示不会或没有发生时用） ◆ Anna was nowhere to be found (= we could not find her anywhere). 我们到处都找不到安娜。 ◆ He was never to see his wife again (= although he did not know it would be so at the time, he did not see her again). 他注定再也见不到他的妻子了。 ◆ She wanted to write a successful novel, but it was not to be (= it turned out never to happen). 她曾想写一部成功的小说，但从未如愿。 9 if sb/it were to do sth… \| were sb/it to do sth… ( formal) used to express a condition （表述条件） ◆ If we were to offer you more money, would you stay? 假如我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？ ◆ Were we to offer you more money, would you stay? 假如我们给你加钱，你愿意留下吗？ be / bi ; NAmE bi /
LDC	be1 auxiliary verb be2 verb bebe1 /bi; strong biː/ ●●● S1 W1 auxiliary verb (past tense was, were, past participle been, present participle being, first person singular am, second person singular and plural are, third person singular is) Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1used with a present participle to form the continuous(4) tenses of verbs: Don’t disturb me while I’m working. Gemma was reading. They’ve been asking a lot of questions. That guy’s always causing trouble. We’ll be starting in about an hour. He isn’t leaving, is he?2used with past participles to form the passive: Smoking is not permitted. I was told about it yesterday. The house is being painted. She’s been invited to a party. The flames could be seen several miles away. The police should have been informed about this.3be to do something formal a)used to talk about arrangements for the future: Audrey and Jimmy are to be married in June. Two men are to appear in court on charges of armed robbery. b)used to give an order or to tell someone about a rule: You are to wait here in this room until I return. All staff are to wear uniforms. c)used to say or ask what someone should do or what should happen: What am I to tell her? He is not to be blamed. d)used to ask how something can be done: How are we to get out of the present mess?4be to be seen/found/heard etc used to say that something can be seen, found, or heard somewhere: A large range of species are to be seen in the aquarium. We searched everywhere but the ring was nowhere to be found (=could not be found). The only sound to be heard was the twittering of the birds above us.5was/were to do something used when talking about a time in the past to say what happened later: This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease.6 a)used in conditional1(2) sentences about an imagined situationwere somebody to do something/if somebody were to do something Even if England were to win the next two matches, Germany would still be three points ahead. Were we to offer you the job, would you take it? b)used in conditional sentences to introduce an aim when you are saying what must be done in order to achieve itif somebody/something is to do something If we are to succeed in this enterprise, we shall need to plan everything very carefully.7old use used instead of ‘have’ to form the perfect3 tense of some verbs: The hour is come. be1 auxiliary verb be2 verb bebe2 ●●● S1 W1 verb Word Origin Verb Table Examples Thesaurus Collocations Phrases 1[linking verb] used to say that someone or something is the same as the subject of the sentence: My name is Susan. These are my favourite pictures. He’s my brother. The problem is finding the time to get things done. Our aim was to reduce the number of accidents.2[intransitive always + adverb/preposition] used to say where something or someone is: Jane’s upstairs. Are my keys in the drawer? The principal’s in his office. How long has she been here?3[intransitive always + adverb/preposition] used to say when something happens: The concert was last night. The party is on Saturday.4[linking verb] used to describe someone or something, or say what group or type they belong to: The sky was grey. Spiders are not really insects. Mr Cardew was a tall thin man. She wants to be a doctor when she leaves school. Her dress was pure silk. I’m not ready yet.5there is/are used to say that something exists or happens: There’s a hole in your trousers. There was a loud explosion. ‘I thought there was going to be a party.’ ‘No, there isn’t.’ Is there a problem?6[linking verb] to behave in a particular way: He was just being rude. Don’t be silly. You’d better be careful.7[linking verb] used to say how old someone is: His mother died when he was 20. Rachel will be three in November.8[linking verb] used to say who something belongs to: Whose is this bag? It isn’t mine and it isn’t Sarah’s.9[linking verb] used to talk about the price of something: ‘How much are the melons?’ ‘The big ones are £2 each.’► see thesaurus at cost 10[linking verb] to be equal to a particular number or amount: 32 divided by 8 is 4.11be that as it may formal used to say that even though you accept that something is true, it does not change a situation: ‘He was only joking.’ ‘Be that as it may, silly remarks like that can do a lot of harm.’12[intransitive] formal to exist: What was once a great and powerful empire has effectively ceased to be.13be yourself to behave in a natural way, rather than trying to pretend to be different: Don’t try too hard – just be yourself.14not be yourself to be behaving in a way that is unusual for you, especially because you are ill or upset: Sorry – I’m not myself this morning.15the be-all and end-all the most important part of a situation or of someone’s lifebe of For Jim, making money was the be-all and end-all of his job.GRAMMAR: Linking verbsBe is a linking verb. This type of verb links the subject of the sentence with an adjective or noun: · The water was cold.· Leeds is a city in the north of England.
WDF	be [bi]was, been, being, is CET4CET6TEM4考研 v2 16711569 4873288 3173845 2989059 2926800 2748577 VERB2 502444517 Spoken: 412628947 are[3846057] been[1524581] being[493630] beings[15464] bes[233] was[5158756] were[1590226] 是(48%)，在(20%)，有(20%)，到达(6%)，拜访(6%) vt.是；有，存在；做，成为；发生 n.(Be)人名；(缅)拜；(日)部(姓)；(朝)培；(中非)贝

Verb [V I Form Linking Sth Time V

be

Spoken: