Question

If one of the these requirements [See Personal Notes] is not met, then indefinite الحال:should precede the indefinite صاحب الحال, e.g., جاءني سائلاً طالبٌshould be a nominal sentence connected to the main sentence with واو الحال, e.g., جاءني ولدُ وهو يبكي Sometimes the (sahib al-hal) may be indefinite w/out meeting these rqmts.{صلّى رسولُ اللهِ صلّى اللهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ قاعداً و صلّى وراءَهُ رجالٌ قياماً} (The prophet (may peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) prayed sitting, and some men behind him standing)

Accepted Answer

Rules apply to indefinite صاحب الحال only. صحب الحال is indefinite if it is: qualified by an adjective, e.g., جاءني طالبٌ مجتهدٌ مستأْذناًor مضاف to an indefinite مضاف إليه, e.g., سألني ابنُ مدرّسٍ غاضباً

Text	If one of the these requirements ^{[See Personal Notes]} is not met, then indefinite الحال: should precede the indefinite صاحب الحال, e.g., جاءني سائلاً طالبٌ should be a nominal sentence connected to the main sentence with واو الحال, e.g., جاءني ولدُ وهو يبكي
Back Extra	Rules apply to indefinite صاحب الحال only.
Book Extra Notes	Sometimes the (sahib al-hal) may be indefinite w/out meeting these rqmts. {صلّى رسولُ اللهِ صلّى اللهُ عليهِ وسلَّمَ قاعداً و صلّى وراءَهُ رجالٌ قياماً} (The prophet (may peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) prayed sitting, and some men behind him standing)
Personal Notes	صحب الحال is indefinite if it is: qualified by an adjective, e.g., جاءني طالبٌ مجتهدٌ مستأْذناً or مضاف to an indefinite مضاف إليه, e.g., سألني ابنُ مدرّسٍ غاضباً

Indefinite الحال E.G جاءني صاحب طالبٌ Sentence صلّى