Activity Human Brain Synder Daly Bruns Recently Proposed

意群训练： Synder, Daly, and Bruns have recently proposed that caffeine affects behavior by countering the activity in the human brain of a naturally occurring chemical called adenosine .

标志： Synder, Daly, and Bruns have recently proposed that caffeine affects behavior /by counter ing the activity (in the human brain )［of a naturally occurring chemical (called adenosine)］/.

译文： Synder、Daly、Bruns等人近来提出， 咖啡因影响人类 行为 /的方式， 是通过抵消 （人类大脑中的）［一种自然产生的（叫做adenosine的）化合物的 ］行为 /。

解释： 由that所引导的宾语从句中的主谓宾都比较简单易懂， 而由by所引导的作状语的介词结构却很复杂。尤其是the activity of被起修饰作用的插入语in the human brain切割成the activity (in the human brain )［of ..., 初学者读上去会感到很不习惯。