| 正面 | 1466.category 英 ['kætɪg(ə)rɪ]美 ['kætəɡɔri]     |
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| 背面 |     释义： 1. cat- + egor- "declaim (in the assembly)" + -y.2. 其本意为：speak against, accuse, assert, predicate.3. Original sense of "accuse" weakened to "assert, name" by the time Aristotle applied kategoria to his 10 classes of things that can be named.4. 由此进而引申为如今的：种类、范畴、类别。5. 该词的最初含义在categorical\categorically中还看得到、还保留着。n. 种类，分类；[数] 范畴 例句： 1. The judges could not decide which category it belonged in.评委们无法判定它属于哪一类。 category 类别cata-, 向下，相对。-agora, 广场，公开说，公开演讲，见allegory, 寓言。原指在广场发表演讲，叙述。后古希腊哲学家亚里士多德用该词描述类别，种类，使之固定为现在的词义。 categorycategory: [15] The word category has a rather complicated semantic history. It comes ultimately from Greek katēgorein ‘accuse’, a compound formed from the prefix katá- ‘against’ and agorá ‘public assembly’ (source of English agoraphobia and related to gregarious) – hence ‘speak against publicly’. ‘Accuse’ gradually became weakened in meaning to ‘assert, name’, and the derived noun katēgoríā was applied by Aristotle to the enumeration of all classes of things that can be named – hence ‘category’. The word reached English via late Latin catēgoria or French catégorie.=> agoraphobia, gregarious, panegyriccategory (n.)1580s, from Middle French catégorie, from Late Latin categoria, from Greek kategoria "accusation, prediction, category," verbal noun from kategorein "to speak against; to accuse, assert, predicate," from kata "down to" (or perhaps "against;" see cata-) + agoreuein "to harangue, to declaim (in the assembly)," from agora "public assembly" (see agora). Original sense of "accuse" weakened to "assert, name" by the time Aristotle applied kategoria to his 10 classes of things that can be named. category should be used by no-one who is not prepared to state (1) that he does not mean class, & (2) that he knows the difference between the two .... [Fowler]" |