| 正面 | 7836.refined 英 [rɪ'faɪnd]美 [rɪ'faɪnd]     |
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| 背面 |      释义： 1. excel / excellent => cell- / -cel "rise, be high, rise high" (Latin cellere (pp. celsus) "rise, be high"), cognate with Latin collis "hill", English hill, column, culminate.2. => hill, cul- "hill, top, peak, summit", col- "pillar, column, projecting object".3. => cul- + -men- / -min- "passive suffix" => culmen / culmin- "hill, top, peak, summit".4. Latin culmen (genitive culminis) "top, peak, summit".5. => col- + -umn (-omen-在此单词中的变体) (与单词 alumnus 类同，进行对照理解和记忆) => column "pillar, column, projecting object".6. culmin- "hill, top, peak, summit" + -ate => culminate.adj. [油气][化工][冶] 精炼的；精确的；微妙的；有教养的 例句： 1. El Salvador produces 100,000 tons of refined copper annually.萨尔瓦多每年生产10万吨纯铜。 refined (adj.)1570s, "subtle;" 1580s, "elegant;" 1590s, "purified," past participle adjective from refine (v.)." |