| 正面 | 13052.pessimism 英 ['pesɪmɪz(ə)m]美 ['pɛsɪmɪzəm]     |
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| 背面 |      释义： 1、aperire "open, uncover" <=> operire "close, cover", 互为反义词。2、apert- => overt.3、取引申义。4、overt + -ly.n. 悲观，悲观情绪；厌世主义 例句： 1. Optimism was gradually taking the place of pessimism.乐观情绪逐渐取代了悲观主义。 pessimism 悲观主义来自拉丁语pessimus,最底部的，最坏的，来自PIE*ped,脚，词源同foot,biped.-im,最高级后词，词源同maximum,optimism.-ism,主义，思想。由脚引申词义底部，底下，后引申词义悲观，悲观主义。 pessimismpessimism: [18] The first English writer on record as using pessimism was the poet Coleridge, in the 1790s. But he employed it for the ‘worst possible state’. The modern sense ‘expecting the worst’ did not emerge until the early 19th century. The word was probably coined first in French, and was based on Latin pessimus ‘worst’.pessimism (n.)1794 "worst condition possible," borrowed (by Coleridge) from French pessimisme, formed (on model of French optimisme) from Latin pessimus "worst," originally "bottom-most," from PIE *ped-samo-, superlative of root *pes- "foot," from PIE root *ped- (1) "a foot" (see foot (n.)). As a name given to the doctrines of Schopenhauer, Hartmann, etc., that this is the worst possible world, or that everything tends toward evil, it is first recorded 1835, from German pessimismus (Schopenhauer, 1819). The attempt to make a verb of it as pessimize (1862) did not succeed." |