| 正面 | 4644.toll 英 [təʊl]美 [tol]     |
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| 背面 |     释义： 1、词根tel-为什么会由end, result, final引申出tax这一层含义？其实很简单，咱们汉语里表示与税费有关的词有：结算、结账，它们都与结(end)有关；同类情况的还有：fin- => finance.2、tel- "tax" => toll.n. 通行费；代价；钟声；伤亡人数vt. 征收；敲钟vi. 鸣钟；征税 例句： 1. The daily toll of casualties has dropped off sharply.每日伤亡人数已经大大减少。 toll 费用，道路通行费，长途电话费，伤亡人数来自古英语 toll,费用，税费，关税，来自 Proto-Germanic*tullo,计算数，告知，来自 PIE*dol, 计算，思考，词源同 tell,tall.引申诸相关词义。 tolltoll: Toll ‘charge, payment’ [OE] and toll ‘ring a bell’ [15] are distinct words. The former was borrowed into Old English from medieval Latin tolōneum ‘place where tolls are collected’, an alteration of late Latin telōneum. This in turn was borrowed from Greek telónion, a derivative of télos ‘tax’. The ancestry of toll ‘ring a bell’ is more conjectural. It may be the same word as the long-obsolete toll ‘pull’, which went back to an Old English *tollian.toll (n.)"tax, fee," Old English toll "impost, tribute, passage-money, rent," variant of toln, cognate with Old Norse tollr, Old Frisian tolen, Old High German zol, German Zoll, probably representing an early Germanic borrowing from Late Latin tolonium "custom house," from Latin telonium "tollhouse," from Greek teloneion "tollhouse," from telones "tax-collector," from telos "tax" (see tele-; for sense, compare finance). On the other theory it is native Germanic and related to tell (v.) on the notion of "that which is counted." Originally in a general sense of "payment exacted by an authority;" meaning "charge for right of passage along a road" is from late 15c.toll (v.)"to sound with slow single strokes" (intransitive), mid-15c., probably a special use of tollen "to draw, lure," early 13c. variant of Old English -tyllan in betyllan "to lure, decoy," and fortyllan "draw away, seduce," of obscure origin. The notion is perhaps of "luring" people to church with the sound of the bells, or of "drawing" on the bell rope. Transitive sense from late 15c. Related: Tolled; tolling. The noun meaning "a stroke of a bell" is from mid-15c." |