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Congestion Feedback Router Messages Sender Control Approaches End End

Front Congestion control: approaches (2)
Back End-end
- No feedback from network elements
- jam has to be detected by terminals (delay, losses)
-> Ex: TCP

Network-assisted
- Routers give feedback to end systems
- Congestion flag
- Explicit rate
- Feedback:
- Direct: Router send messages to sender
- Indirect: Router mark packets, receiver sends these messages to sender
-> Ex: ATM

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