Earth Science

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• Rocks classified major groups formed called igneous sedimentary
• Density ratio mineral water specific gravity
• Minerals number make rocks earth's crust referred rock-forming
• Minerals abundant extensively manufacturing products economic
• Rock forming minerals elements oxygen silicon aluminum iron
• Common element earth's crust oxygen silicon
• Basic building blocks common mineral groups formed combination
• Silicate minerals include abundant comprises earth's crust feldspar
• Mineral purely made silicon oxygen abundant earth quartz
• Major spheres earth atmosphere hydrosphere geosphere biosphere
• Major spheres called earth systems
• Earth blue planet is known
• Percent earth's water how many
• Gaseous envelope surrounds earth atmosphere
• Solid earth rocky part planet geosphere
• Largest spheres geosphere the it
• Mixture weathered rocks organic matter called decayed plants
• Sphere includes life earth biosphere
• Live land diverse tropical rainforests
• Universal solvent water it is
• Helps recycling molecules living organisms plate tectonics
• Type gas helps earth traps heat carbon dioxide
• Main source energy earth sun
• Process plants make food produced nutrients photosynthesis
• Protects earth harmful solar radiation earth's magnetic field
• Requirement cellular process sugar metabolism protein synthesis water
• Prominent features hydrosphere ocean the
• Study minerals mineralogy it is
• Building blocks rocks minerals it
• Chemical naturally occurring compound crystalline form inorganic origin
• Properties minerals luster ability transmit light color streak
• Ability mineral reflect light surface luster
• Mineral opaque translucent transparent identifying ability transmit light
• Reliable property identifying mineral color
• Color mineral powdered form streak
• Shape crystal refers common characteristic combination
• Mineral's toughness resistance breaking deforming tenacity
• Resistance mineral abrasion scratching hardness
• Ability mineral break planes weak bonding cleavage
• Mineral breaks exhibits uneven surface fracture
• Surface rocks molten volcanic solidify called rises dense
• Process igneous rocks exposed surface uplifting
• Disintegration decomposition rocks weathering the
• Dissolved rock materials called sediments
• Water sedimentary sediments deposited oceans rivers bodies undergo
• Rocks sedimentary deeply buried subjected great pressure intense
• Rocks molten solidify surface called extrusive volcanic
• Extrusive rocks made tiny crystals
• Rocks molten solidified deep inside earth called intrusive
• Intrusive rocks made large crystals
• Means transformation change form process texture mineralogy chemical
• Solid material valuable minerals profitably extracted ore
• Addition chemicals cyanide acid dissolve non-useful rock heap
• Addition substance produces air bubbles make valuable minerals
• Heating ore high temperature smelting
• Form energy resource formed living plants animals existed
• Hydrocarbons form solid liquid gas
• Solid form hydrocarbons coal what
• Solid form hydrocarbons coal what
• Liquid form hydrocarbons petroleum the
• Gaseous form hydrocarbons natural gas
• Black solid fossil fuel brownish color composed carbon
• Largest source electricity world coal
• Stage development coal peat the
• Called brown coal soft woody texture lignite
• Coal sedimentary rock impurities sulfur common type bituminous
• Coal type metamorphosed pure carbon extremely hard brittle
• Oil commonly called petroleum crude mixture hydrocarbons
• Type fossil fuel composed hydrocarbon called methane natural
• Total amount living things environment biomass
• Water earth's high concentration salt ocean

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