Because introduces clauses of cause and reason. It is a subordinating conjunction. This means that the clause it introduces is a subordinate clause, which needs a main clause to make it complete. We use a comma when the subordinate clause comes before the main clause:
[main clause]Everyone left early because [subordinate clause]Mark and Helen had an argument.
[subordinate clause]Because they were so tired, [main clause]they went to bed at 9 pm.
We don’t use for or why instead of because when we are giving reasons:
I’m going to go to the company’s head office on Monday because there is an emergency meeting there.
Not: …
to the company’s head office on Monday for/why there is an emergency…