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Minority Began Business Government Sponsored Management Technical Federal Aid

en Federal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960's when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises.
category gmat
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意群训练: Federal effort s to aid minority businesse s began in the 1960's when th e Small Business Administration (SBA ) began making federally guaranteed loans an d government-sponsored management and technical assistanc e available t o minority business enterprises .

mark

标志: Federal efforts (to aid minority businesses) began /in the 1960's//when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business enterprises/.

cn

译文: (帮助少数民族企业的)联邦政府的努力 开始 /于20世纪60年代/, /那时 小企业管理机构(简称SBA) 开始使得 联邦担保的贷款 政府资助的管理以及 技术援助 能够为少数民族企业所用。

explain

解释: 在以when所引导的状语从句中,begin doing something是我们熟知的结构,然而make的宾语不但很长,而且出现了两个相邻的and连接了三个并列的成分,似乎是明显违反语法规则的(按照正常的语法来说,应该是A,B,and C这样的结构),可是本句中的情况却不违反语法,因为这两个and不是同一个层面的东西:第二个and连接的government-sponsored management and technical assistance 是政府的两个资助,而第一个and是连接前面的联邦资助和后面的政府资助,也就是说由于在美国联邦和政府不是一回事,所以第一个and的层面要高于第二个and。

本句另外的一个令人难以读懂的地方就在于, 由于make的宾语过长, 所以make something available这个固定搭配被分开很远, 让人读不出前后的联系。

type 复杂修饰
score 5

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