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Nerve Rigidly Favor Abandoned Qualitative Variance Doctrine Generally

en Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.
category gre
idx 012
parts

意群训练: Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved , the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view , namely , that nerve impulse s are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currencythroughout the nervous system.

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请思考:如果but引导的分句难以看懂,是否可用合理化原则 推理出其意思

cn

标志: Although qualitative variance (among nerve energies) was never rigidly disproved , but the doctrine was generally abandoned /in favor of the opposing view, (namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.) /

explain

译文:尽管 (在神经能量上存在着)质的不同 这一点从来都没有在严格的意义上被反对过 但是 以上教条 通常被抛弃掉 ,/而转向相反的观点,(即:神经冲动从根本上本质相同,而且被当作“一种普通流”在整个神经系统中传播)/。

解释: a. 前半个分句中有一个双重否定,was never rigidly disproved ,这种表示法用中文说出来还是比较好懂的,原因是我们熟悉中文的这种表示法;但是在英文中出现,因为在以前的学习中见得少,所以感觉上很别扭。因此,同学们的任务,就是通过反复阅读此类句子来熟悉这样的英语。其实在英文表达中,很多双重否定与中文表达是一样的,表示肯定:如not unlimited就等于limited。但是值得提请读者注意的是,在GRE和GMAT这两种对考生的逻辑有苛刻要求的考试中,如果这种双重否定中所涉及的概念不是dichotomous(即二分法的词汇,比如上面例子中的limited和unlimited),则双重否定不一定表示肯定:比如本例中的not disprove,不能理解为agree。不反对者中,的确有人会同意,但通常以心存疑虑、随大流者居多。不但如此,在双重否定中加上限定词以后,在否定的范围上也有所变化,如本句的be never rigidly disproved,没有完全被反对,不能理解为从来都是被严格支持的,而应该理解成从来都可能有人 支持的。综上所述,对于双重否定的句子,简单地把其置换为肯定,不是最精确的理解。而最好的方法,就是通过多读、多练来熟悉其语言表达以及逻辑方式,按照其字面的表达理解成“没有完全被否”,然后大脑中反映出其目前的生存状态是一个仍未消失的状态:这种理解才是在考试现场既快速又精确的理解。

b. 运用前面所说的用合理化原则 中的取非读法,可以很容易的读出作者在后半个分句中想说前面的那种观点被反对了。但是初学者会对这个分句中的something be abandoned in favor of something else这种语言表达感到突然,如果理解成“因为喜爱后者所以抛弃了前者”,虽然也能说得通,但是其实原文本来没有这种因果关系,in favor of强调的是这两种动作的同时性:抛弃了前者,而转向后者;namely之后的内容是前面的opposing view的同位语。

type 复杂修饰+双重否定
score 4

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