English Law Terms Ü2017

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• Accused  charged crime defendant criminal proceeding 
• Tort  action case brought court seeking damages
• Criminal actus reus  deed act compare mens rea
• Adjudicate  act judge dispute make formal decision something 
• Administrative law  body law rules regulations orders decisions
• Agency law  law relationship person agent acts authorised
• Agreement international written states nations governed laws
• Form alternative dispute resolution adr method resolving litigation
• Arbiter impartial person power decide dispute 
• Arbitral tribunal  collective body arbitrators arbiters 
• Arbitration form dispute resolution alternative litigation court system
• Arbitrator impartial person power decide dispute 
• Articles association  uk document defines company's internal organisation
• Assault  intentional attempt threat injure person expect harmed 
• Assignee  person receives assignment  who
• Assignment  transfer one's contractual rights party 
• Assignor  person transfers rights duties another 
• Attorney  lawyer 
• Balance probabilities  proof liability shown not 
• Pay property bankruptcy law  law legal procedure setting
• Barrister uk lawyer admitted plead bar superior courts
• Board directors  group individuals elected shareholders make major
• Body international organisation entity active internationally
• Breach contract  failure perform contractual obligation interference party's
• Breaching party  party violating terms contract 
• Burden proof  requirement presenting evidence support claim 
• Burglary  unlawful entering building intent commit crime 
• Business entity  legally recognised organisational structure designed provide
• Carriage goods field concerned legal relationships shipper owner
• Certificate incorporation  document issued governmental authority granting company
• Charge make formal accusation crime
• International charter agreement granting rights body signatory nations
• Chattels  personal property exculding freeholds) 
• Civil cases  case concerned non-criminal matters rights remedies 
• Civil code law set written formulation civil-law systems
• Law civil legal system developed roman codified established
• Civil wrong  injury damage result crime 
• Claimant  uk person brings civil action plaintiff 
• Clause paragraph section contract  or
• Law commercial body governing relations persons engaged business 
• Damages  money awarded court compensation loss injury 
• Commercial transactions  dealings acts carrying functions including procedures
• Law formed common body judicial/court decisions opposed statutes
• Community service order  alternative prison criminal sentence requires
• Company  uk institution creatied conduct business association persons
• Companies formed formation process registering created individuals agents
• Company law  body law related forming registering governing
• Comparative law  study differences similarities interrelationships legal systems 
• Compensation payment performance work loss sustained 
• Amount compensatory damages  result lawsuit award money injured
• Law competition uk body regulates business activities markets
• Conflict laws  private international law
• Consideration  party order induce contract common law consideration
• Constitutional documents entity uk association articles documents  define
• Law constitutional law  body inculdes legislation based constitution
• Contentious work  struggle effort causing involving characterised argument
• Convention international written agreement states nations governed laws
• Transfer conveyance  property rights land person instrument title
• Conviction  finding guilt criminal case 
• Corporal punishment  punishment inflicted body whipping
• Counsel  lawyer representing party legal matter person conductig
• Offer counter-offer terms made reply received 
• Court place cases heard justice administered judges officers
• Creditor  person company owed financial obligation
• Crime  violation public law subject punishment imprisonment fine 
• Criminal law  area law deals crime punishment penalities
• Custom long-established practice recognised force law 
• International law customary law  made manifest ratified based
• Customs tariff union  group nations areas created remove
• Debtor creditor law  law financial obligations legal interactions
• Deed  written instrument transferring ownership property 
• Court generally answering party defendant  person action brought
• Discovery phase  period trial formal procedures obtain relevant
• Disposition disposing parting giving property transferrring care possession
• Dispute  conflict disagreement  or
• Dispute resolution  settling dispute  of
• Disputing parties  persons including companies agencies involved disagreement 
• Employment law  body law governing relationship employers employees
• Enforce make effecitve case agreement party legally comples
• Enforcement  legally compelling performance party 
• Enforcement judgments  carrying judicial mandates orders 
• Equity trusts  legal principles applied achieve fairness strict
• Essential terms  provisions required contract exist 
• Estate pur autre vie  granted life grantee 
• Exclusive possession sole benefit property 
• Execution  death penality capital punishment 
• Family law  body law related relationships divorce child
• Interest fee simple  piece real property broadest allowed
• Fee tail  estate lasts long original grantee descendants
• Felony  grave crime punishable harsher sentence misdemeanour crime 
• File  deliver document custody records court proper authorities
• Formation act bringing contract existence 
• Framework convention  agreement standards guidelines signatory nations implement
• Fraudulent misrepresentation fraud inducement act misleading entice enter
• Freehold estate  property duration ownership occupation determined 
• Frivolous litigation  dispute court chance success lackes merit
• Expected future losses  financial loss occur future 
• Globalisation  process moving interconnected world 
• Government agency  department authority administration created legislation
• Grantee  party receives title real property 
• Grantor  party transfers grants title real property e.g
• Guilty reasonable doubt  amount proof needed convict defendant
• Harmonisation unification process nations adopting laws similar nations 
• Hearing  formal proceeding body decision-making powers authority 
• Heir  person inherits entitled property death another 
• Housing law  body law relating rights tenants homeowners
• Impartial referee  party appointed decide dispute 
• Imprisonment  confined jail prison incarceration
• Inheritable  property transferred death person designated heir 
• Injunction official order court person stop something 
• Injured party  person legally protected interests harmed 
• Insider dealing  confidential price-sensitive information trading stocks securities
• Instrument  written formal legal document 
• Property intellectual law  law protects legal rights products
• Intentional tort  non-criminal non-contractual injury person caused intended
• Interference contractual relations  tort intentionally causing breach valid
• Organisations  established intergovernmental international institutions governments opposed organisations
• International arbitration  arbitration disputes parties commerical contracts 
• Judge  public official hears decides cases court 
• Jurisdiction  territory district court authority hear cases 
• Jurisprudence  science philosophy law study legal systems collective
• Jury  group people selected verdict questions fact based
• Land law  body law relating ownership real estate
• Property landlord tenant law  includes contract law governs
• Landlord landlady  person owns property rents leases money 
• Law clinic  facility offering free discounted legal assistance
• Law firm  company formed lawyers engage practice law 
• Law practice  firm  see
• Lawsuit action proceeding brought court suit
• Mediation  method resolving disputes parties actively involved decision-making
• Memorandum association  uk legal document sets important elements
• Criminal mens rea  intent compare actus reus act
• Mercantile agency  institution deals supply credit information business
• Misdemeanour  uk petty offence crime felony misdemeanor
• Misstatement  statement false misleading mistake 
• Monopoly right  privilege granted government e.g patent person
• Mortage(s transfer legal title property land security payment
• Nation state  independent state majority citizens share cultural
• Negligence  failure careful law demands 
• Negligent tort unintended injury caused lack care failure
• Negotiable instruments  uk written signed documents represent intangible
• Negotiation  process parties forming contract discuss settle terms
• Party  non-breaching party contract suffered breach breaching
• Non-contentious work  work largely involves advising clients contending
• Norm  commonly accepted standard behaviour manner things 
• Finding guilty  court's acquittal defendant legally blameless 
• Obligations  duties party result terms conditions contract 
• Offence  crime offense us
• Offender  person commits crime  who
• Oral contract  unwritten binding agreement 
• Order  direction command authorised person body 
• Outline convention  framework convention generally eu context 
• Pain suffering  physical mental emotional distress trauma compensation
• Parole  early release form prison serving part sentence
• Business partnership organisation people agree sharing profits losses
• Person party  taking part business transaction involved suit
• Patent  grant form government giving exclusive rights inventor
• Personal property  things movable opposed real property capable
• Legal entity personality  called artificial person fiction identity
• Petty theft  stealing low jurisdictions contrast grand theft
• Pleadings  formal written statements setting action defense case 
• Preponderance evidence  standard proof civil cases requiring side
• Pre-trial work  work carried matter proceeds trial court 
• Uniform law  law similar nations 
• Victim  injured party person object crime tort 
• Private international law  body law dealing disputes persons
• Law private body concerned aspects relationships individuals direct
• Probation  sentence convicted offender released community supervision prison 
• Proceedings  formal process including steps action dispute 
• Property interest  share claim title property 
• Proscribe  prohibit  to
• Prosecution  bringing criminal case court 
• Prosecutor lawyer brings criminal cases behalf state 
• Prostitution  perfoming sexual act exchange money 
• Public international law  body laws governing relationships states
• Law public law  body deals relationship state individuals
• Public-order crime  behaviour criminalised compatible society's shared values
• Public publicly listed company  business structure permitted offer
• Punitive damages  compensation designed punish vreaching arty conduct
• Rape unlawful sexual intercourse committed force threat consent 
• Ratify ratify  adopt approve sanction make valid establish
• Real estate  land attached it 
• Real property law  law obligatons rights ownership land
• Medical tort reasonable expenses  cost care injuries caused
• Regulation act regulating government agency established authority force
• Regulator  official responsible control supervision activity area public
• Party reliance  actions showing expected act way 
• Relief  granting remedy court e.g damages injunction return
• Religious legal theological system  systems rules based teachings 
• Remedy  enforce cure wrong compensate injury 
• Rent  payment made landlord landlady property 
• Use  specific property full ownership 
• Rights  interests recognised protected law 
• Secured transactions  loans credit transactions lender acquires security
• Securities  investment instruments stocks bonds 
• Sentence impose punishment  to a
• Agreement settlement  reached parties dispute resolving amount granted
• Shareholders  owners share company corporation  through proportionate ownership
• Shareholding members  invest money business entity receive shares
• Socialist law  refer system legal rules countries soviet
• Sole practitioner  lawyer practises own 
• Sole proprietor  single person earns profits personally liable
• Legal solicitor  uk lawyer qualified give advice prepare
• Specific performance  court orders breaching party perform part
• Standard evidence preponderance proof  amount needed type case
• Statute frauds piece legislation declares kinds contract land
• Company statutory forms statute standardised documents basic corporate
• Strict liability crime  crime require intent break law
• Strict liability liablility tort  imposed damages caused fault
• Substantive law  body law defining rights duties obligations
• Sue start civil proceedings court 
• Supranational law  international law dealing constraint rights states
• Tax law  law regulation rates sums money assessed
• Tenant  person hald possess property return payment rent 
• Party third-party beneficiary person agreement action ma interest
• Title interest  control dispense property ownership property 
• Tort  wrongdoing results injury breach contract court give
• Tortfeasor  person commits tort who
• Tortious conduct  wrongful acts nature tort
• Trade agreement  treaty enforceable agreement nations mulit-nations committing
• Trespass  unlawful invasion person property rights another 
• Trial  legal examiniation court dispute parties 
• Unfair business practices  acts consumers similar nations 
• Unfair business pracitces  acts consumers misleading fraudulent 
• White-collar crime business/corporate non-violent offences commited business people
• Lease  contract occupation property conveyed exchange sum money
• Leasehold  property duration ownership occupation fixed capable fixed 
• Legal assistance  advice representation matters 
• Legal framework  broad system rules make decisions 
• Legal person  artificial entity created law rights duties
• Legislature  selected body people elected invested responsibility power
• Liability  legal responsibility 
• Liable legally responsible  to be
• Licence uk property purpose conferrring ownership possession granting
• Licence  person property purpose granted 
• Life estate granted grantee  the
• Limited liability  limitation owner invetstor's financial losses´or responsibility
• Litigation  dispute brought court determination solution 
• Litiation arbitration  litigation entails bringing lawsuit courts arbitration
• Loss earnings capacity  lose one's ability make living 

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