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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary con·firm ETYMOLOGY Middle English, from Anglo-French cunfermer,from Latin confirmare, from com- + firmare to make firm, from firmus firm DATE 13th century 1. to give approval to : ratify confirm a treaty 2. to make firm or firmer : strengthen confirm one's resolve 3. to administer the rite of confirmation to 4. to give new assurance of the validity of : remove doubt about by authoritative act or indisputable fact confirm a rumor confirm an order Synonyms. confirm , corroborate , substantiate , verify , authenticate , validate mean to attest to the truth or validity of something. confirm implies the removing of doubts by an authoritative statement or indisputable fact confirmed the reports corroborate suggests the strengthening of what is already partly established witnesses corroborated his story substantiate implies the offering of evidence that sustains the contention the claims have yet to be substantiated verify implies the establishing of correspondence of actual facts or details with those proposed or guessed at all statements of fact in the article have been verified authenticate implies establishing genuineness by adducing legal or official documents or expert opinion handwriting experts authenticated the diaries validate implies establishing validity by authoritative affirmation or by factual proof validated the hypothesis by experiments English Etymology confirm late 13c., from L. confirmare "make firm, strengthen, establish," from com- intensive prefix + firmare "to strengthen," from firmus(see firm (adj.)). Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7 ☞ confirm con·firm / kEn5fE:m; NAmE -5fE:rm / verb1. to state or show that sth is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence (尤指提供证据来)证实,证明,确认: ▪ [VN] Rumours of job losses were later confirmed. 裁员的传言后来得到了证实。 His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions. 他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。 Please write to confirm your reservation (= say that it is definite). 预订后请来函确认。 ▪ [V (that)] Has everyone confirmed (that) they're coming? 他们是不是每个人都肯定过一定会来？ ▪ [V wh-] Can you confirm what happened? 你能证实一下发生了什么事吗？ ▪ [VN that] It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 已经确定会议将于下个星期举行。 2. [VN] ~ sth | ~ sb (in sth) to make sb feel or believe sth even more strongly 使感觉更强烈；使确信: The walk in the mountains confirmed his fear of heights. 在山里步行使他更加确信自己有恐高症。 3. [VN] to make a position, an agreement, etc. more definite or official; to establish sb / sth firmly 批准(职位、协议等)；确认；认可: After a six-month probationary period, her position was confirmed. 经过六个月的试用期后,她获准正式担任该职。 He was confirmed as captain for the rest of the season. 他被正式任命在这个赛季剩下的一段时间内担任队长。 4. [VN] [usually passive] to make sb a full member of the Christian Church (给某人)施放坚振,施坚信礼: She was baptized when she was a month old and confirmed when she was thirteen. 她出生一个月时受洗礼,十三岁时受坚信礼。 Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English confirm verb ADV. merely, only, simply This latest tragedy merely confirms my view that the law must be tightened. | officially The plans were officially confirmed yesterday. VERB + CONFIRM be able/unable to, can/could | appear to, seem to, tend to These new symptoms tend to confirm my original diagnosis. OLT confirm verb ⇨ confirm 1 (His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions.)⇨ confirm 2 (Can you confirm what happened?)⇨ confirm 3 (The climb confirmed his fear of heights.)⇨ approve (confirmed as captain) Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged con·firm \kənˈfərm, -fə̄m, -fəim\ transitive verb (-ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Middle English confermen, confirmen, from Old French confermer, confirmer, from Latin confirmare, from com- + firmare to make firm, from firmus firm — more at firm 1. : to make firm : strengthen (as a person) in resolution, conviction, loyalty, position < America would once again as a nation confound its critics and … confirm its friends — Barbara Ward > 2. a. : to make valid by formal assent : complete by a necessary approval < the Senate confirms a treaty > often : to vote approval of (the appointment of a person to an office) < the Senate confirmed his appointment to the Supreme Court > b. : to give formal acknowledgment of receipt of < an order confirmed by a stockbroker > 3. : to administer the rite of confirmation to 4. : to give new assurance of the truth or validity of : corroborate < confirm a rumor > < confirm a hypothesis or diagnosis > < confirm a plane reservation > 5. : to make firmer or more settled in a conviction, purpose, or habit < the experience confirmed him in his dislike of foreign cooking > 6. : to state or imply the truth of (as a rumor or forecast) : assert , maintain — usually used with that7. Scots law : to ratify the right of (a person) to take and administer property of a deceased person as executor or administrator Synonyms: : corroborate , substantiate , verify , authenticate , validate : these may be compared in that they signify to attest or establish usually beyond a reasonable doubt the truth, accuracy, validity, or genuineness of something. confirm and corroborate both imply an attesting to something already formulated or recognized but not yet made certain. confirm usually implies the making unquestionable of something in question by means of authoritative statement or indisputable fact < they are asked to confirm or correct facts — Evelyn Lohr > < there is a rumor — which cannot of course be confirmed — Frank Gorrell > < confirm the persistent suspicion that eggs are carriers of fowl typhoid — Collier's Year Book > corroborate suggests the buttressing or strengthening by authority or fact of something already pretty well established < in general, the material illustrates and corroborates what has already become known from other sources — G.F.Kennan > < no matter how many corroborating tests we may adduce as proof … the skeptic still is not convinced — Arthur Pap > < these were the earliest professional sodalities in Spain, though corroborating documentation is lacking — G.M.Foster > substantiate implies the presenting of evidence adequate to demonstrate or make certain < individual differences within one race and culture are well substantiated … by psychological and practical tests — A.L.Kroeber > < reference material to support, substantiate, or enlarge upon the text — Frank Mortimer > < no proof had to be brought forward to substantiate the claims they made — Sherwood Anderson > verify implies the seeking of a close correspondence between a statement and the facts it involves or an attestation to the correctness of its logic, or, as applied to suspicions or predictions, the actualization in fact of the thing suspected < he has explored most of Trans-Jordan, verified Biblical accounts by his findings and excavations — Current Biography > < discouraging predictions that have not been verified by events — Times Literary Supplement > authenticate and validate presuppose a question about genuineness or validity. authenticate signifies to establish genuineness by or as if by expert opinion or official or legal document < the painting was finally authenticated by experts in Barcelona and Madrid — Time > < each citizen ought to be authenticated as the son of his proper father — H.M.Parshley > < an authenticated copy of the Declaration — Dumas Malone > validate generally involves establishing of validity, as of a document by reference to legal or official act or record or as of an opinion or policy by justifying facts or events < what directors do … by law must be validated by formal board action — G.B.Hurff > < the sort of evidence by which one validates a scientific hypothesis — Life > < the expansion of demand which alone can validate the policy — J.A.Hobson > < the two performances more than validated the words of praise — Irving Kolodin > |
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