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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary de·mand
DATE 13th century 1. a. an act of demanding or asking especially with authority a demand for obedience b. something claimed as due a list of demands 2. archaic : question 3. a. willingness and ability to purchase a commodity or service the demand for quality day care b. the quantity of a commodity or service wanted at a specified price and time supply and demand 4. a. a seeking or state of being sought after in great demand as an entertainer b. urgent need 5. the requirement of work or of the expenditure of a resource equal to the demands of the office demands on one's time oxygen demand for waste oxidation • • • - on demand
verb ETYMOLOGY Middle English demaunden, from Anglo-French demander, from Medieval Latin demandare, from Latin, to entrust, charge, from de- + mandare to enjoin — more at mandate DATE 14th century intransitive verb : to make a demand : ask transitive verb 1. to ask or call for with authority : claim as due or just demanded to see a lawyer 2. to call for urgently, peremptorily, or insistently demanded that the rioters disperse 3. a. to ask authoritatively or earnestly to be informed of demand the reason for the dismissal b. to require to come : summon 4. to call for as useful or necessary etiquette demands a handwritten thank-you • de·mand·er noun Synonyms. demand , claim , require , exact mean to ask or call for something as due or as necessary. demand implies peremptoriness and insistence and often the right to make requests that are to be regarded as commands demanded payment of the debt claim implies a demand for the delivery or concession of something due as one's own or one's right claimed the right to manage his own affairs require suggests the imperativeness that arises from inner necessity, compulsion of law or regulation, or the exigencies of the situation the patient requires constant attention exact implies not only demanding but getting what one demands exacts absolute loyalty English Etymology demand late 13c., from O.Fr . demander "to request," from L. demandare"entrust, charge with a commission," from de- "completely" + mandare "to order." The political economy sense (correlating to supply) is first attested 1776 in Adam Smith.http://O.Fr Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7 ☞ demand de·mand / di5mB:nd; NAmE di5mAnd / noun1. [C] ~ (for sth / that...) a very firm request for sth; sth that sb needs (坚决的)要求；所需之物: a demand for higher pay 增加工资的要求 demands that the law on gun ownership should be changed 要求修改枪械持有法的呼声 firms attempting to meet / satisfy their customers' demands (= to give them what they are asking for) 尽力满足客户要求的商行 2. demands [pl.] ~ (of sth) | ~ (on sb) things that sb / sth makes you do, especially things that are difficult, make you tired, worried, etc. (尤指困难、使人劳累、令人烦恼等的)要求: the demands of children / work 孩子烦人的事；工作中累人的事 Flying makes enormous demands on pilots. 驾驶飞机对飞行员要求很高。 3. [U, C] ~ (for sth / sb) the desire or need of customers for goods or services which they want to buy or use (顾客的)需求,需要: to meet the demand for a product 满足对某产品的需求 There's an increased demand for organic produce these days. 目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。 Demand is exceeding supply. 供不应求。 IDIOMS ▪ by popular de'mand because a lot of people have asked for sth 由于许多人的要求；由于普遍要求: By popular demand, the play will run for another week. 应广大观众要求,这出戏将加演一周。 ▪ in de'mand wanted by a lot of people 需求大: Good secretaries are always in demand. 优秀的秘书总是很抢手。 ▪ on de'mand done or happening whenever sb asks 一经要求: Feed the baby on demand. 宝宝需要时再喂食。 on-demand printing of books 书籍承索即印 ⇨ see also supply and demandverb1. to ask for sth very firmly 强烈要求: ▪ [VN] She demanded an immediate explanation. 她强烈要求立即作出解释。 ▪ [V that] The UN has demanded that all troops be withdrawn. 联合国已要求撤出所有部队。 (BrE also) They are demanding that all troops should be withdrawn. 他们强烈要求所有部队撤离。 ▪ [V to inf] I demand to see the manager. 我坚决要求见经理。 ▪ [V speech] 'Who the hell are you?' he demanded angrily. "你到底是谁？"他气势汹汹地查问道。 ⇨ note at ask 2. [VN] to need sth in order to be done successfully 需要: This sport demands both speed and strength. 这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。 Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English demand noun 1 firm request ADJ. legitimate, realistic, reasonable I think your demand for higher wages is perfectly reasonable. | unrealistic, unreasonable | radical | urgent | central, key, main, major | fresh, new, renewed There have been renewed demands for the government to take action to reduce crime. | growing, increasing | final A final demand for payment had been issued. | written | financial, political | government, opposition, popular, public, royal, union The management had no intention of meeting union demands. | pay, ransom, tax, wage A ransom demand has been made for the kidnapped racehorse. VERB + DEMAND issue, make, present, press, put forward Demands have been made for the immediate distribution of food to the refugees. | renew, repeat, step up Campaigners have stepped up their demands for immediate government action. | face | respond to | agree to, give in to, meet, satisfy, yield to My government cannot give in to the demands of an illegal organization. | reject, resist PREP. on ~ Campaigners insist that abortion should be available on demand. | ~ for, ~ from demands from the opposition for a recount of the votes 2 need/desire for goods/services ADJ. big, buoyant, considerable, enormous, great, heavy, high, huge, insatiable, peak, strong, unprecedented Demand for the product is buoyant. There's always a great demand for our soups in winter. | burgeoning, growing, increased/increasing, rising | excess, extra | constant, steady She is in constant demand to make public appearances and give interviews. | changing, fluctuating, seasonal | current, future | latent, likely, pent-up, potential, projected, prospective | overall, total We can estimate that total market demand for electrical goods will rise by 8%. | declining, falling, limited, low, reduced, sluggish | consumer, customer, market, popular, public By popular demand, the play will run for another week. | domestic, export, foreign, local, world, worldwide The slowdown in domestic demand was offset by an increase in exports. | electricity, energy, housing, labour, etc. QUANT. level a high level of demand VERB + DEMAND cope with, meet, satisfy The factories are staying open all weekend to try to meet the consumer demand for this product. | create, generate It is the job of the marketing manager to create demand for the new product. | boost, increase, stimulate | reduce | exceed, outstrip Supply normally exceeds demand for the bulk of consumer goods. | forecast It can be difficult to forecast demand in the construction industry. | manage policies aimed at managing demand DEMAND + VERB grow, increase, rise Demand for personal computers has risen sharply. | decline, fall, slow (down) As demand slows, the need to export will return. PREP. in ~ These old machines are still in demand. | ~ among the potential demand among children | ~ for increased demand for health products | ~ from the demand from consumers | ~ on This section of the population makes a high demand on health care resources. PHRASES supply and demand the law of supply and demand • Special page at Special page-BUSINESS 3 demands: difficult/tiring things you have to do ADJ. considerable, enormous, excessive, extra, great, heavy, high, impossible I think the demands of this job are excessive. | exacting, pressing | growing, increasing | competing, conflicting, contradictory | day-to-day, everyday the day-to-day demands of the job | immediate the need for scientific research freed from the immediate demands of industry | external The person who cannot say ‘no’ to others' requests is likely to be overwhelmed by external demands. | economic, emotional, financial, physical, practical, sexual, social, technical Life is hard for nurses on children's wards, where the emotional demands can be overwhelming. VERB + DEMAND impose, make, place My elderly parents make a lot of demands on me. | respond to | cope with coping with the conflicting demands of work and family life PREP. ~ on/upon My work seems to make more and more demands on my time. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus-11th Edition n. Function: verb 1 to ask for something as or as if one's right or due FF1C;the physician demanded payment of his billFF1E; Synonyms: call, challenge, claim, exact, postulate, require, requisition, solicit Related Words: ask, request; bid, charge, command, direct, enjoin, order; cite, summon, summons; coerce, compel, constrain, force, oblige; necessitate Contrasted Words: cede, relinquish, resign, waive; allow, concede, grant; give, offer, tender 2 to have as a need or requirement FF1C;it demands considerable practice to master the pianoFF1E; Synonyms: ask, call (for), crave, necessitate, require, take Related Words: fail, lack, need, want Idioms: need (or want), doing, stand in need of n. Function: noun 1 Synonyms: REQUIREMENT 1, need, want 2 Synonyms: NEED 3, occasion, useWebster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged Search result show the entry is found in: law of demand , or reciprocal demand , or biochemical oxygen demand , or biological oxygen demand , or two-demand bid , or two-demand system , or demand-pull , or demand-side , or oxygen demand , or demand draft , or chlorine demand , or demand bid , or demand bill , or demand charge , or demand curve , or demand deposit , or demand factor , or demand limiter , or demand-load factor , or demand loan , or demand meter , or demand note , or demand rate, or demand schedule , or demand systemde·mand I. \də̇ˈmand, dēˈ-, -maa(ə)nd, -mȧnd\ noun (-s) Etymology: Middle English demaunde, from Middle French demande, from demander 1. a. : the act of demanding or asking especially with authority : a peremptory request < wishes turned into demands for obedience > b. (1) : the asking or seeking for what is due or claimed as due (2) : the right or title in virtue of which something may be claimed < hold a demand against a person > (3) : a thing or amount claimed to be due 2. archaic : earnest inquiry : question , query 3. a. : a manifested desire for ownership or use (as of a commodity) : a need or request for a commodity b. : willingness and ability to purchase a commodity or service c. : the quantities of goods or of a service that would be purchased at each of various possible prices at a given time d. : the sum spent on or the quantity purchased of a commodity or service 4. a. : a seeking or state of being sought after especially with authority or insistence < his eloquence brought him into frequent demand as an occasional speaker — Ella Lonn > < nickel is in great demand > b. : urgent need : requirement < increased demands for manpower > 5. : something that is demanded especially by right or as due : the substance of or matter presented in a claim < demands that are justifiable and reasonable > 6. : the requirement of work or of the expenditure of some resource < demands that overtax a piece of machinery > < equal to any demands his old ship was likely to make on his competence — Joseph Conrad > 7. : a crude peremptory order to relinquish especially without regard to legal right < a kidnapper's demands for money > 8. : the electricity load (as of an individual consumer or power plant) usually indicated in kilowatts and averaged over a period of time 9. : demand bid • - on demand II. verb (-ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Middle English demaunden, from Middle French demander, from Late Latin demandare to demand, from Latin, to entrust, commit, from de- + mandare to commit to one's charge, order — more at mandate intransitive verb : to make a demand : ask , inquire — used with oftransitive verb 1. obsolete : to ask (a person) authoritatively or formally for information 2. : to call for urgently and importunately or peremptorily and imperiously < he no longer demanded such recognition. Instead he prayed for it — Sherwood Anderson > 3. a. : to ask or call for legally : make legal claim to as a rightful owner b. : to claim as due, just, or fit < the harpooner was demanding the beam that he had paid for — H.A.Chippendale > c. : to ask or call for with force or authority and with expectation of compliance < demand obedience to the rules > 4. a. : to ask with authority or earnestness to be informed of < demand the cause of her sorrow — Shakespeare > b. : to ask to see : bid (a person) to appear authoritatively or insistently < the crowd demanded the star > 5. : to call for as useful, necessary, or requisite : make imperative : necessitate , require < the fire that the cool evenings of early spring demanded — Mary Austin > < questions that demand discussion of cultural conditions — John Dewey > 6. : to summon into court Synonyms: require , claim , exact : demand may suggest peremptory imperative communication or strongly necessitous indication < Antonius tomorrow will demand your tribute — Alfred Tennyson > < the sun … demanded attention in a manner that would take no denial — C.S.Forester > < instincts which the conventions of good manners and the imperatives of morality demand that they should repress — Aldous Huxley > require is more likely to stress the fact of necessity or compulsiveness than the manner of communication or indication, and may seem less strident but more coolly insistent and exigent < the duty of self-preservation requires us to be mentally as well equipped as the French, Germans, and Americans — W.R.Inge > < the government of the United States which in the administrations of Washington, Adams, and Jefferson required the services of slightly more than one thousand civilian employees — Alan Barth > claim may indicate a demand or request for due delivery or appropriate concession or recognition based on right, warrant, or sanction and calculated to overcome resistance or reluctance < in Naples the beggars claim an alms noisily and as though by right — Aldous Huxley > < authoritarian methods now … come to us claiming to serve the ultimate ends of freedom and equity — John Dewey > exact suggests not asking, claiming, or demanding but instead obtaining or forcing delivery, execution, or concession of what is sought < the mistake of exacting reparation in money and then lending Germany money with which to pay — H.S.Truman > < kept a keen eye on her court and exacted prompt and willing obedience from king and archbishops — Henry Adams > III. noun, adverb • - on demand |
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