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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary de·sign
ETYMOLOGY Middle English, to outline, indicate, mean, from Anglo-French & Medieval Latin; Anglo-French designer to designate, from Medieval Latin designare, from Latin, to mark out, from de- + signare to mark — more at sign DATE 14th century transitive verb 1. to create, fashion, execute, or construct according to plan : devise , contrive 2. a. to conceive and plan out in the mind he designed the perfect crime b. to have as a purpose : intend she designed to excel in her studies c. to devise for a specific function or end a book designed primarily as a college textbook 3. archaic : to indicate with a distinctive mark, sign, or name 4. a. to make a drawing, pattern, or sketch of b. to draw the plans for design a building intransitive verb 1. to conceive or execute a plan 2. to draw, lay out, or prepare a design
noun DATE 1569 1. a. a particular purpose held in view by an individual or group he has ambitious designs for his son b. deliberate purposive planning more by accident than design 2. a mental project or scheme in which means to an end are laid down 3. a. a deliberate undercover project or scheme : plot b. plural : aggressive or evil intent — used with on or against he has designs on the money 4. a preliminary sketch or outline showing the main features of something to be executed the design for the new stadium 5. a. an underlying scheme that governs functioning, developing, or unfolding : pattern , motif the general design of the epic b. a plan or protocol for carrying out or accomplishing something (as a scientific experiment); also : the process of preparing this 6. the arrangement of elements or details in a product or work of art 7. a decorative pattern a floral design 8. the creative art of executing aesthetic or functional designs Synonyms: see intention , plan English Etymology design 1540s, from L. designare "mark out, devise," from de- "out" + signare "to mark," from signum "a mark, sign." Originally in English with the meaning now attached to designate; many modern uses of design are metaphoric extensions. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7 ☞ design de·sign / di5zain / nounARRANGEMENT 布置 1. [U, C] the general arrangement of the different parts of sth that is made, such as a building, book, machine, etc. 设计；布局；安排: The basic design of the car is very similar to that of earlier models. 这种汽车的基本设计与早期的样式非常相似。 special new design features 特别的新型设计风格 The magazine will appear in a new design from next month. 从下月起这本杂志将以新的设计问世。 DRAWING / PLAN / MODEL 图样；方案；模型 2. [U] the art or process of deciding how sth will look, work, etc. by drawing plans, making models, etc. 设计艺术；构思: a course in art and design 美术及设计课程 a design studio 设计室 computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计 the design and development of new products 新产品的设计和开发 ⇨ see also interior design 3. [C] ~ (for sth) a drawing or plan from which sth may be made 设计图样；设计方案: designs for aircraft 飞机的设计图样 new and original designs 别具一格的新型设计方案 PATTERN 图案 4. [C] an arrangement of lines and shapes as a decoration 装饰图案；花纹 SYN pattern :
floral / abstract / geometric designs 花卉/抽象/几何图案 The tiles come in a huge range of colours and designs. 瓷砖有各种各样的颜色和图案。 INTENTION 意图 5. [U, C] a plan or an intention 打算；意图；目的: It happened—whether by accident or design —that the two of them were left alone after all the others had gone. 碰巧——不知是偶然还是有意安排——其他人走后,只剩下了他们两个人。 It is all part of his grand design. 这都是他那宏图大略的一部份。 IDIOMS ▪ have designs on sb (formal or humorous) to want to start a sexual relationship with sb 企图占有某人；存心与某人发生性关系；对…存心不良 ▪ have designs on sth (formal) to be planning to get sth for yourself, often in a way that other people do not approve of 企图将某物据为己有；图谋得到某物；打…的鬼主意: Rumours spread that the Duke had designs on the crown (= wanted to make himself king). 谣传公爵觊觎王位。 verbDRAW PLANS 设计 1. ~ sth (for sb / sth) to decide how sth will look, work, etc., especially by drawing plans or making models 设计；制图；构思: ▪ [VN] to design a car / a dress / an office 设计汽车/连衣裙/办公室 a badly designed kitchen 设计很糟糕的厨房 They asked me to design a poster for the campaign. 他们请我为这次运动设计一张海报。 ▪ [also VNN] PLAN STH 计划 2. [VN] to think of and plan a system, a way of doing sth, etc. 计划；筹划；制订: We need to design a new syllabus for the third year. 我们需要为三年级学生制订一个新的课程大纲。 FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE 特定目的 3. [usually passive] ~ sth (for sth) | ~ sth (as sth) to make, plan or intend sth for a particular purpose or use 制造；设计；意欲: ▪ [VN] The method is specifically designed for use in small groups. 这方法是专为小组活动设计的。 ▪ [VN to inf] The programme is designed to help people who have been out of work for a long time. 这项计划的目的是为长期失业者提供帮助。 Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English design verb ADV. carefully, cleverly These shelves have been designed very cleverly to fit into corners. | specially, specifically They run specially designed courses for managers. PREP. for The instruments are designed for use in very cold conditions. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus-11th Edition n. Function: verb 1 Synonyms: INTEND 2, aim, contemplate, mean, ||mind, plan, propose, purpose 2 Synonyms: PLAN 2, arrange, blueprint, cast, chart, devise, ||dope out, project Related Words: delineate, diagram; create, invent; construct, fashion, form, frame, produce; contrive Contrasted Words: accomplish, achieve, effect, execute, fulfill, perform 3 to work out the arrangement of the parts of FF1C;design an urban centerFF1E; Synonyms: arrange, lay out, map (out), plan, set out; compare PLAN 2 Related Words: delineate, diagram, draft, outline, sketch n. Function: noun 1 Synonyms: PLAN 1, blueprint, game plan, project, scheme, strategy Related Words: delineation, diagram, draft, outline, sketch, tracing; creation, invention Contrasted Words: accomplishment, achievement, execution, fulfillment, performance 2 Synonyms: INTENTION , animus, intendment, intent, meaning, plan, purpose Related Words: conation, volition, will; deliberation, reflection, thinking, thought; intrigue, machination, plot Contrasted Words: accident, chance, fortuity, hap; impulse 3 Synonyms: FIGURE 3, device, motif, motive, pattern 4 Synonyms: MAKEUP 1, architecture, composition, constitution, construction, formationWebster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged de·sign I. \də̇ˈzīn, dēˈ-\ verb (-ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Middle French designer, from Latin designare, literally, to mark out, from de- + signare to mark — more at sign transitive verb 1. a. : to conceive and plan out in the mind < a savage on seeing a watch would at once conclude that it was designed — Samuel Butler †1902 > b. : devote , consign , destine < a city designed to destruction > < grants designed in his will for making amends > c. : to make up one's mind to set apart : settle in mind to reserve < mementos of his travels that he had designed for friends > d. : to plan or have in mind as a purpose : intend , purpose , contemplate < he was sociable by disposition, and I believe he designed particularly to shine in the world of talk and manners — Osbert Sitwell > < when some other foreign power designed division or seizure — Roger Burlingame > e. archaic : to have in mind or include as a matter of consideration f. : to devise or propose for a specific function < a book designed primarily as a college textbook > < a program obviously designed as a first approach to this problem > g. : to create, plan, or calculate for serving a predetermined end :prepare or lay out deliberately < the challenging problem of designing a college curriculum for young women > < a little group of members which is designed for study, propaganda, and energetic canvassing — R.M.Dawson > < designed to form a frame for what was to come after — E.M.Lustgarten > 2. a. obsolete : to indicate with a distinctive mark or sign b. archaic : to indicate by name or distinctive phrase c. : to designate for office or function < designing a friend to act as substitute > < the other parties named and designed in the summons > d. archaic : assign , grant 3. [Middle French desseigner, from Italian disegnare, from Latin designare] a. archaic : to make a drawing or sketch of (an object or scene) b. : to outline or sketch in proportion for creating a work of art or to serve as a pattern in the practical arts < she has designed the dances for several Broadway hits > < a curious woman whose dresses always looked as if they had been designed in a rage — Oscar Wilde > c. : to plan and plot out the shape and disposition of the parts of and the structural constituents of : draw the plans for < he designed many buildings and bridges > d. : to create, fashion, execute, or construct according to plan < he was also a clever artist and designed scenes with a flair for color — Winifred Bambrick > < buildings of the institution are so designed that each patient's room opens upon a porch — American Guide Series: Michigan > e. : to originate, draft, and work out, set up, or set forth : devise , contrive < a landscaping authority to design the city's park system > < can start to design and execute a foreign policy without fear — H.W.Barber > < like most Communist propaganda it was very cleverly designed— Patrick McMahon > < knows how to design a part so that it develops and acquires momentum in performance — Brooks Atkinson > f. : to plan or produce with special intentional adaptation to a specific end — used in passive or participial form < statutes are designed to meet the fugitive exigencies of the hour — B.N.Cardozo > < slogans are normally designed to get action without reflection — A.E.Stevenson b.1900 > < marriage was a social institution designed to fit instinct into a legal framework — Bertrand Russell > < would do it for $5000, a price … designed to discourage offers — Elsa Maxwell > intransitive verb 1. : to conceive a plan for making something 2. : to draw, lay out, or otherwise prepare a design or designs < those who design for the home > < in designing for motion pictures there is also the problem of geography — Cedric Gibbons > a. : to draw a preliminary figure, outline, or sketch (as for a machine, structure, or work of art) b. : to fashion a work of art c. : to fashion a decorative figure or pattern 3. : to plan or intend to start out on a trip or course < this ship designs for Guam > < the young man designs for law > Synonyms: see intend , plan III. noun (-s) Etymology: Middle French dessein, from Italian disegno, from disegnare to mark out 1. : a mental project or scheme in which means to an end are laid down : plan < morality also, like religion, is a product of human design — Benjamin Farrington > < had no rivals among the secular rulers of Europe for largeness of designs — R.W.Southern > 2. a. : a particular purpose held in view by an individual or group : a planned intention < my design in writing this preface is to forestall certain critics > < he has ambitious designs for his son > b. : deliberate purposive planning < what superficially may appear to be a masterpiece of designwas likely to have been just an empirical policy of muddling through — Times Literary Supplement > < his clumsiness is due to inattention rather than design > < battle was joined apparently more by accident than design — John Buchan > also : direction toward an ultimate end < the teleological, which shows the marks of design in nature, and from them argues to a great designer — Encyc. Americana > — opposed to accident 3. a. : a deliberate undercover project or scheme entertained with discreditable or hostile and often dishonest, treacherous, sinister, or seductive intent < each camp accusing the other of imperialist designs > < eager to ferret out any subversive design > < a declaration of a design upon his life — John Locke > b. designs plural : such a scheme contemplating some rapacious or disruptive aggression or some illicit encroachment — used with on or against < the United States has no … designs against any of its neighbors anywhere — A.H.Vandenberg †1951 > < has designs on the money > 4. : a preliminary sketch or outline (as a drawing on paper or a modeling in clay) showing the main features of something to be executed : delineation < a textile design and its specifications constitute the complete working plan for the manufacture of a fabric — Alfred Higgins & R.L.La Vault >
http://R.L.La 5. a. : a painter or sculptor's preliminary drawing or model < he made two or three charming and blasphemous designs — W.B.Yeats > b. : a scheme for the construction, finish, and ornamentation of a building as embodied in the plans, elevations, and other architectural drawings pertaining to it c. : a conceptual outline or sketch according to which the elements of a literary or dramatic composition or series are disposed < his sense of structure, both in the general design of Paradise Lost and Samson, and in his syntax — T.S.Eliot > < it is now widely agreed that such compositions as Moby Dick and Billy Budd are complete designs — Nathalia Wright > < the main designs of the poem, an imaginative control of dispersed material — Times Literary Supplement > d. : a settled coherent program followed or imposed; usually : an underlying scheme that governs functioning, developing or unfolding : pattern , motif < his ad-libbing … is not unfortified by design because he is far too fine a professional ever to trust entirely to chance — John Mason Brown > < whether or not there be a design, … in nature, a man's biography frequently discloses haunting glimpses of a pattern — Perry Miller > 6. a. : the arrangement of elements that make up a work of art, a machine, or other man-made object < systematic art instruction begins with the study of design, which includes little except the perception and creation of formal relations — Hunter Mead > < made her decide to introduce choreographic design into her free skating — Current Biography > b. : the process of selecting the means and contriving the elements, steps, and procedures for producing what will adequately satisfy some need < industrial design > < included in design are the arrangement of the basic text page, choice of typeface, title page, and special pages — Joseph Blumenthal > specifically : the drawing up of specifications as to structure, forms, positions, materials, texture, accessories, decorations in the form of a layout for setting up, building, or fabrication < the design of the ship's bridge > < his experiments were noted for their simple design > < the problems of stability were corrected by better design in duplicating equipment — R.O.Jordan > c. : structural constitution or fundamental framework of a musical composition < unacceptable to our sense of melodic design — P.H.Lang > < inflated music with ambitious and mystical programmatic designs — Nicolas Slonimsky > 7. a. : a visual arrangement or disposition of lines, parts, figures, details usually unified by an implicit key or clue of signification or an artistic motif (as in engravings, medals, textiles, metalwork) < linoleum in a great number of designs > < the designs on the reverse of our coins > < an iron balustrade with a design of bows and arrows that rises from the eaves of the house — American Guide Series: Maine > b. : a pattern or figuration applied to a surface (as of a vase) : decoration < porcelain with carved or engraved floral designs > < a gold-tooled design impressed on bookbindings > Synonyms: see intention , plan III. adjective : used as a basis for anticipating practical problems and solving them at the engineering stage — used chiefly in highway designing < the design speed of a highway > |
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