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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary ef·fect
ETYMOLOGY Middle English, from Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French, from Latin effectus, from efficere to bring about, from ex- + facere to make, do — more at do DATE 14th century 1. a. purport , intent b. basic meaning : essence 2. something that inevitably follows an antecedent (as a cause or agent) 3. an outward sign : appearance 4. accomplishment , fulfillment 5. power to bring about a result : influence the content itself of television…is therefore less important than its effect — Current Biography 6. plural : movable property : goods personal effects 7. a. a distinctive impression the color gives the effect of being warm b. the creation of a desired impression her tears were purely for effect c. (1) something designed to produce a distinctive or desired impression — usually used in plural (2)plural : special effects 8. the quality or state of being operative : operation the law goes into effect next week • • • - in effect - to the effect
transitive verb DATE 1533 1. to cause to come into being 2. a. to bring about often by surmounting obstacles : accomplish effect a settlement of a dispute b. to put into operation the duty of the legislature to effect the will of the citizens Synonyms: see perform Usage. Effect and affect are often confused because of their similar spelling and pronunciation. The verb 2affect usually has to do with pretense she affected a cheery disposition despite feeling down The more common 3affect denotes having an effect or influence the weather affected everyone's mood The verb effect goes beyond mere influence; it refers to actual achievement of a final result the new administration hopes to effect a peace settlement The uncommon noun affect, which has a meaning relating to psychology, is also sometimes mistakenly used for the very common effect. In ordinary use, the noun you will want is effect waiting for the new law to take effect the weather had an effect on everyone's mood English Etymology effect effect (n.) late 14c., "result," from O.Fr . effect, from L. effectus"accomplishment, performance," from stem of efficere "work out, accomplish," from ex- "out" + facere "to do" (see factitious). The verb is from 1580s. Sense in stage effect, sound effect, etc. first recorded 1881. Related: Effecting; effection.http://O.Fr Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7 ☞ effect ef·fect / i5fekt / noun1. [C, U] ~ (on sb / sth) a change that sb / sth causes in sb / sth else; a result 效应；影响；结果: the effect of heat on metal 热对金属产生的效应 dramatic / long-term effects 引人注目的影响；长期效应 to learn to distinguish between cause and effect 学会分清因果 the beneficial effects of exercise 锻炼的好处 Modern farming methods can have an adverse effect on the environment. 现代农业耕作方法可能对环境造成负面影响。 Her criticisms had the effect of discouraging him completely. 她批评的结果是使他完全丧失了信心。 Despite her ordeal, she seems to have suffered no ill effects. 她尽管备受磨难,但好像并未受到不利影响。 I can certainly feel the effects of too many late nights. 我当然能感觉到熬夜太多产生的影响。 'I'm feeling really depressed.' 'The winter here has that effect sometimes.' "我真感到抑郁。" "这儿的冬天有时候就会产生这种影响。" I tried to persuade him, but with little or no effect. 我试图说服他,但却无济于事。 ⇨ see also greenhouse effect , knock-on , side effect ⇨ note at affect 2. [C, U] a particular look, sound or impression that sb, such as an artist or a writer, wants to create (艺术家或作家所要创造的特定)外观,声响,印象,效果: The overall effect of the painting is overwhelming. 这幅画的总体效果气势磅礡。 The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene. 这种舞台灯光能产生月下景色的效果。 Add a scarf for a casual effect. 再围上一条围巾以显得随便些。 He only behaves like that for effect (= in order to impress people). 他那样表现不过是为了譁众取宠。 ⇨ see also special effects , sound effect 3. effects [pl.] (formal) your personal possessions (个人)财产,所有物,财物 SYN belongings :
The insurance policy covers all baggage and personal effects. 这份保险单为全部行李和个人财产提供保险。 IDIOMS ▪ bring / put sth into ef'fect to cause sth to come into use 使生效；实行；实施: The recommendations will soon be put into effect. 这些建议即将付诸实施。 ▪ come into ef'fect to come into use; to begin to apply 生效；开始实施: New controls come into effect next month. 下月开始实施新的管制措施。 ▪ in ef'fect 1. used when you are stating what the facts of a situation are 实际上；事实上: In effect, the two systems are identical. 实际上,这两种系统完全一样。 His wife had, in effect, run the government for the past six months. 过去的六个月实际上是他的妻子在执政。 2. (of a law or rule 法律或规则) in use 在实施中；有效: These laws are in effect in twenty states. 这些法律在二十个州有效。 ▪ take ef'fect 1. to start to produce the results that are intended 开始起作用；见效: The aspirins soon take effect. 阿司匹林药片见效快。 2. to come into use; to begin to apply 生效；开始实施: The new law takes effect from tomorrow. 新法令明日起生效。 ▪ to the effect that... | to this / that ef'fect used to show that you are giving the general meaning of what sb has said or written rather than the exact words 大意是；意思是；有这个(或那个)意思: He left a note to the effect that he would not be coming back. 他留下一张字条,大意是他不回来了。 She told me to get out—or words to that effect. 她叫我滚开——或说了类似的话。 ▪ to good, great, dramatic, etc. ef'fect producing a good, successful, dramatic, etc. result or impression 富有成效；效果良好 ▪ to no ef'fect not producing the result you intend or hope for 毫无效果；毫无成效；不起作用: We warned them, but to no effect. 我们曾告诫过他们,但没起任何作用。 ▪ with immediate effect | with effect from... (formal) starting now; starting from... 立即生效；从…起开始生效: The government has cut interest rates with effect from the beginning of next month. 政府已削减利率,从下月起开始生效。 verb[VN] (formal) to make sth happen 使发生；实现；引起: to effect a cure / change / recovery 产生疗效；引起变化；实现复苏 ⇨ note at affect Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English effect noun 1 change that is caused by sth ADJ. decisive, dramatic, far-reaching, important, marked, powerful, profound, significant, strong | marginal, minimal, modest, negligible | chief, main, major, principal | full The full effects of the new tax have not yet been felt. | apparent, appreciable, detectable, discernible, measurable, noticeable, visible | likely, possible, potential, predictable, probable | subtle | disproportionate | residual | adverse, catastrophic, crippling, damaging, debilitating, deleterious, destructive, detrimental, devastating, disastrous, harmful, ill, negative, serious, traumatic, undesirable, unfortunate the crippling effect of sanctions on the economy He didn't seem to have suffered any ill effects from his fall. | beneficial, positive, salutary | the desired We had problems with mosquitoes, but this spray had the desired effect. | magical, remarkable Giving up smoking had a magical effect on his stamina. | immediate | direct, indirect | short-term | lasting, long-term, permanent | domino, knock-on, ripple, spin-off Any delay in delivery of materials will have a knock-on effect throughout the production process. (see also side effect) | practical | aggregate, combined, cumulative, net, overall | qualitative, quantitative | cohesive | divisive | deterrent, disincentive The deterrent effect of the death penalty has long been questioned. Heavy taxation has a disincentive effect. | calming, hypnotic, soothing, soporific | curative, restorative, therapeutic | placebo | inflationary | corrosive | greenhouse policies to reduce emissions of gases which cause the greenhouse effect VERB + EFFECT bring about, exert, have, produce The drug exerts a powerful effect on the brain. | take The medicine started to take effect after a few minutes. | feel, experience, suffer (from) Women feel the effects of alcohol more quickly than men. | recover from | observe | show | assess, determine, estimate, examine, measure, study | ameliorate, cushion, lessen, minimize, mitigate, reduce, soften to minimize the effects of economic change | cancel out | counter, counteract, offset | compound, magnify, maximize | avoid | aim at That is precisely the effect I was aiming at. | be worried about, fear | underestimate | ignore EFFECT + VERB spread | last | wear off How soon will the effects of the drug wear off? PREP. in ~ The border closure meant, in effect, that no trade took place between the countries. | to this/that ~ They told us to go away, or words to that effect. | with … ~ The plague struck London again with devastating effect. | ~ on/upon The dry weather had an adverse effect on the potato crops. PHRASES cause and effect key historical concepts such as cause and effect | to little/no effect The air-conditioning came on, to little effect. 2 use of an official rule/plan, etc. ADJ. immediate VERB + EFFECT come into The new regulations come into effect next month. | bring sth into, put sth into The recommendations will soon be put into effect. PREP. in ~ Some laws from the eighteenth century are still in effect. | with ~ The bank has cut interest rates with immediate effect. 3 impression that a speaker/book/film, etc. gives ADJ. dramatic, startling, striking, stunning | maximum, optimum | the desired I found that by adding white I could achieve the desired effect. | overall The overall effect of the painting is overwhelming. VERB + EFFECT give (sth), have The stage lighting gives the effect of a moonlit scene. | achieve, create | enhance, heighten The dramatic effect was heightened by her black dress and dead white face. | mar, spoil PREP. for … ~ ‘You know why I'm here?’ Doug paused for maximum effect. | to … ~ She uses animal sounds to startling effect in her music. 4 techniques used when making sth ADJ. special | cinematic | audio, sound | optical, visual | lighting | elaborate | digital Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus-11th Edition n. Function: noun 1 a condition or occurrence traceable to a cause FF1C;the effect of the medicine was dizzinessFF1E; Synonyms: aftereffect, aftermath, causatum, consequence, corollary, end product, event, eventuality, issue, outcome, precipitate, result, sequel, sequence, upshot Related Words: pursuance; development, fruit, outgrowth, ramification; denouement, repercussion; conclusion, end; side effect Contrasted Words: antecedent, determinant, occasion, reason; base, basis, foundation, ground, groundwork Antonyms: cause 2 effects plural Synonyms: POSSESSION 2, belongings, chattels, goods, lares and penates, movables, things 3 the force of impression of one thing on another FF1C;had a profound effect on our livesFF1E; Synonyms: impact, imprint, influence, mark, repercussion Related Words: backlash, backwash; recoil, reflex, response; aftereffect, aftermath n. Function: verb 1 to induce to come into being FF1C;specific genes effect specific bodily charactersFF1E; Synonyms: bring about, cause, draw on, make, produce, secure Related Words: conceive, create, generate; bring on, induce; enact, render, turn out, yield Contrasted Words: impede, limit, restrict; repress, suppress 2 to carry to a successful conclusion FF1C;found a pass that allowed them to effect passage through the mountainsFF1E; Synonyms: bring off, carry out, carry through, effectuate; compare FULFILL 1 , PERFORM 2 Related Words: actualize, realize; achieve, procure Contrasted Words: fail, fall down 3 Synonyms: ENFORCE , implement, invokeWebster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged ef·fect I. \ə̇ˈfekt, eˈ-, ēˈ-\ noun (-s) Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French & Latin; Middle French, from Latin effectus, from effectus, past participle of efficere to bring about, accomplish, effect, from ex- + -ficere (from facere to make, do) — more at do 1. : something that is produced by an agent or cause : something that follows immediately from an antecedent : a resultant condition : result , outcome < low mortality, the effect of excellent social services available in every village — William Petersen > < as tolerance develops, the addict needs more and more of the drug to give him the same effect he originally obtained from a small dose — D.W.Maurer & V.H.Vogel > < his feet in the most appalling state from the effects of porcupine quills — James Stevenson-Hamilton > 2. a. : purpose , intention , end < as a boy he had gone to work early to the effect that he might help out his parents > b. : the result of purpose or intention : advantage < employed his knowledge to little effect in the development of his organization > 3. : an outward sign : manifestation , appearance < the sky effects by day and night are grander — Wilfrid Eggleston > 4. obsolete : accomplishment , fulfillment 5. obsolete : something acquired as the expected result of an action 6. : reality , fact — now used only in the phrase in effect < the guilder became in effect convertible with other currencies in free Continental Europe — Alan Valentine > 7. : power to bring about a result : operative force : influence < the effect of wind in changing tide levels — Geographical Review > < the effect of great demand upon supply > < all of the children in the schoolroom felt the effect of her happiness — Sherwood Anderson > 8. effects plural : movable property : goods < her household effects were sold at auction but her clothing, jewelry, and other personal effects were given away > 9. a. : a distinctive impression upon the human senses < a concentration on detail at a cost to total effect — Irving Kolodin > < achieves amazing effects with his woodcuts — José Gómez-Siere > < decorated in yellow, which increased the effect of lightness — Sheila Kaye-Smith > also : the creation of a desired impression < her sobs were purely for effect > b. : something designed to produce such an impression < never have we been so bombarded with trick effects — 3-D, cinemascope, panoramic screens — John Baker > < the technique of sound effects was extremely limited and used only … for such things as doorbells — Richard Hubbell > 10. : the quality or state of being operative < the subcommittee's recommendations were quickly given effect— W.R.Langdon > < the court will not give effect to a judgment based on unfair proceedings > specifically : operation < a commission was set up to carry the new proposals into effect> < the agreement will have to be approved by a majority before it can go into effect > < the same excises and corporate tax rates that are now in effect— William Fellner > — compare take effect at take 11. : basic meaning : tenor , essence 12. : a specific scientific phenomenon named usually for its discoverer < Faraday effect > 13. : one in a series of evaporators Synonyms: result , consequence , upshot , aftereffect , aftermath , sequel , issue , outcome , event : these ten nouns are similar in signifying something, usually a condition, situation, or occurrence, ascribable to a cause or combination of causes. effect is the correlative of the word cause and in general use implies something necessarily and directly following upon or occurring by reason of the cause, generally applying to intangibles such as bodily or social conditions or states of mind or feeling < the effect of the medicine was an intermittent dizziness > < the effect of the speech was immediate governmental reform > < tanning is the effect of exposure to sunlight > < the effects of the hurricane were visible in roofless houses and uprooted trees > result , close to effect in meaning, implies a direct relationship with an antecedent action or condition though possibly less direct than effect , usually suggesting an effect in the character of a termination of the operation of a cause, and applying more commonly than effect to tangible objects < the result of the investigation was a scandalous exposure of corruption > < his limp was the result of an automobile accident > < the result of the marriage was a family of seven children > < the subsiding flood or surface waters cause mineral deposits and the result is a mound — Alice Duncan-Kemp > consequence may suggest a direct but looser or more remote connection with a cause than either effect or result , usually implying an adverse or calamitous effect and often suggesting a chain of intermediate causes or a complexity of effect < one of the consequences of his ill-advised conduct was a loss of prestige > < his poor health is a consequence of early privation > < both good and bad consequences can follow upon the acquisition of much leisure > upshot often implies a climax or conclusion in a series of consequent occurrences, or the most conclusive point of a single complex gradual consequence < we spent the time swimming at Glenelg and dancing at the Palais Royal in the city. The upshot was that, before we left … we were engaged — Rex Ingamells > < they won the battle, and the upshot was a short-lived bourgeois republic — Roy Lewis & Angus Maude > < the upshot of the whole matter was that there was no wedding — Padraic Colum > aftereffect and aftermath both usually designate secondary rather than direct or immediate effects. aftereffect besides designating a secondary effect sometimes suggests a side effect but more generally implies an effect ascribable to a previous effect that has become a cause < the aftereffects of an atomic-bomb explosion — Current Biography > < although the pioneer effort had reached a dead end, its aftereffects were all too apparent — Dayton Kohler > < to the left of the highway the blackened appearance is the aftereffect of a fire that has recently swept across the flat — G.R.Stewart > < the aftereffects of the war were a general disorder and confusion > aftermath , often suggesting a more complex effect or generalized condition than aftereffect , usually carries the notion of belated consequences that appear after the effects, especially disastrous effects, seem to have passed < the serious dislocations in the world as an aftermath of war — U.S. Code > < the aftermath of the epidemic in Memphis was worse than the dismal days of Reconstruction — American Guide Series: Tennessee > < asbestos dust has the same effect as silica, the resulting disease being known as “asbestosis”, with pulmonary tuberculosis as the aftermath — V.M.Ehlers & E.W.Steel > sequel is usually used to signify a result that follows after an interval < spinal curvature … may be a symptom or a sequel to many different diseases — Morris Fishbein > < she lay rigid experiencing the sequel to the pain, an ideal terror — Jean Stafford > issue , the way something, for example an argument, comes out, carries strongly the notion of result as a solution or resolution < a contest of wits between the criminal and the police — usually aided in fiction by a quicker-witted private detective — a contest in which the issue is still the greatest and gravest of all, life or death — A.C.Ward > < the war was by then obviously proceeding toward a successful issue — F.M.Ford > outcome , interchangeable with result or with issue , possibly carries the notion of less finality than does issue < the outcome of the presidential election > < the enduring organisms are now the outcome of evolution — A.N.Whitehead > < one outcome of this report was the formation of the Southern Conference for Human Welfare — Current Biography > < his book is the outcome of two years' travels in India, China, and Siam — Geographical Journal > event , rare and somewhat archaic in the sense pertinent here, of outcomeor result, usually carries the notion of an unpredictable or unforeseeable outcome < the happiness of Rome appeared to hang on the event of a race — Edward Gibbon > < he employed himself at Edinburgh till the event of the conflict between the court and the Whigs was no longer doubtful — T.B.Macaulay > < the calm assumption that I should live long enough to carry out my extensive plan at leisure … has in the event been justified — Havelock Ellis > • - in effect - to the effect II. transitive verb (-ed/-ing/-s) 1. : to cause to come into being : produce < specific genes effect specific bodily characters > 2. a. : to bring about especially through successful use of factors contributory to the result : accomplish , execute < passage could be effected only by way of certain transverse valleys and high passes — W.G.East > < the Romans who, with superb political skill, effected the unification of Italy — Benjamin Farrington > < minor repairs to the road were effected during the summer > — compare affect III 1 b. : to put into effect < consistently taken the position that the function of the president is to effect the public will — R.H.Rovere > Synonyms: see perform |
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