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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary es·ti·mate
(-mat·ed ; -mat·ing) ETYMOLOGY Latin aestimatus, past participle of aestimare to value, estimate DATE circa 1532 1. archaic a. esteem b. appraise 2. a. to judge tentatively or approximately the value, worth, or significance of b. to determine roughly the size, extent, or nature of c. to produce a statement of the approximate cost of 3. judge , conclude Synonyms. estimate , appraise , evaluate , value , rate , assess mean to judge something with respect to its worth or significance. estimate implies a judgment, considered or casual, that precedes or takes the place of actual measuring or counting or testing out estimated the crowd at two hundred appraise commonly implies the fixing by an expert of the monetary worth of a thing, but it may be used of any critical judgment having their house appraised evaluate suggests an attempt to determine relative or intrinsic worth in terms other than monetary evaluate a student's work value equals appraise but without implying expertness of judgment a watercolor valued by the donor at $500 rate adds to estimate the notion of placing a thing according to a scale of values a highly rated restaurant assess implies a critical appraisal for the purpose of understanding or interpreting, or as a guide in taking action officials are trying to assess the damage
DATE 1552 1. the act of appraising or valuing : calculation 2. an opinion or judgment of the nature, character, or quality of a person or thing had a high estimate of his abilities 3. a. a rough or approximate calculation b. a numerical value obtained from a statistical sample and assigned to a population parameter 4. a statement of the cost of work to be done English Etymology estimate 1. estimate (n.) 1560s, from L. aestimatus, verbal noun from aestimare (see esteem). As a builder's statement of projected costs, from 1796. 2. estimate (v.) 1590s, "Appraise the worth of," from L. aestimat-, pp. stem of aestimare (see esteem). Meaning "form an approximate notion" is from 1660s. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7 ☞ estimate es·ti·mate noun/ 5estimEt / 1. a judgement that you make without having the exact details or figures about the size, amount, cost, etc. of sth (对数量、成本等的)估计；估价: I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need. 我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。 a ballpark estimate (= an approximate estimate) 大致相近的估计 official government estimates of traffic growth over the next decade 政府对今后十年交通增长的正式估计 At least 5 000 people were killed, and that's a conservative estimate (= the real figure will be higher). 至少 5 000 人丧生,这还是个保守的估计。 2. a statement of how much a piece of work will probably cost 估计的成本；估价verb/ 5estimeit / [often passive] ~ sth (at sth) to form an idea of the cost, size, value, etc. of sth, but without calculating it exactly 估价；估算: ▪ [VN] The satellite will cost an estimated £400 million. 这颗衞星估计要耗资 4 亿英镑。 Police estimate the crowd at 30 000. 警方估计聚集的人有 3 万。 ▪ [VN to inf] The deal is estimated to be worth around $1.5 million. 这笔交易估计价值 150 万元左右。 ▪ [V (that)] We estimated (that) it would cost about €5 000. 我们估计要花费大约 5 000 欧元。 ▪ [VN (that)] It is estimated (that) the project will last four years. 据估计,这项工程将持续四年。 ▪ [V wh-] It is hard to estimate how many children suffer from dyslexia. 很难估计有多少孩子有诵读困难。 Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English estimate verb ADV. currently | accurately, reliably | provisionally | conservatively It is conservatively estimated that not less than half a million people died in the famine. | officially, unofficially The strike was officially estimated to have cost $80 million. VERB + ESTIMATE be difficult to, be hard to, be impossible to | be used to The results of the survey were used to estimate the preferences of the population at large. PREP. at We estimated the cost at £50,000. OLT estimate verb ⇨ estimate estimate noun ⇨ estimate (a rough estimate of the size)⇨ valuation (get estimates for the repair work) Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged es·ti·mate I. \ˈestəˌmā]t sometimes -_mə̇]; usu ]d.+V\ verb (-ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Latin aestimatus, past participle of aestimare to value, estimate transitive verb 1. archaic a. : to consider or judge to be of a particular character or nature b. : to consider or judge to be of value < a man to estimate and welcome nobleness — George Meredith > 2. : to make an estimate of: as a. : to judge the value, worth, or significance of; especially : to arrive at (a value judgment that is often valid but incomplete, approximate, or tentative) < the egregious error of supposing that the dramatic merit of a dramatic work could be estimated without reference to its poetic merit — T.S.Eliot > b. : to fix sometimes accurately the size, extent, magnitude, or nature of < a method of estimating deuterium > < small and manageable numbers of birds must be counted precisely; huge flocks can only be estimated — Time > < a prehistoric skeleton that is estimated by some anthropologists to be at least 20,000 years old — American Guide Series: Minnesota > < estimating the social importance of this movement — C.D.Lewis > c. (1) : to arrive at an often accurate but usually only approximate statement of the cost of (a job to be done) (2) : to arrive at a sometimes only tentative price for which one is willing to undertake (a job to be done) 3. : judge , conclude < he checked the chimneys off one by one and estimated that the fire was in the kitchen — Hugh MacLennan > intransitive verb : to make an estimate Synonyms: value , evaluate , rate , assay , assess , appraise : estimate is often used with judgments, either considered or casual, which are not entirely definitive < we have first to estimate their effects upon complicated social conditions (largely a matter of guesswork) — John Dewey > < let us dispassionately consider the Codex Sinaiticus and try to estimate its position — Aldous Huxley > value may suggest definite but quick and temporary judgments < one may pronounce a play fine or ‘rotten’. If one term such direct characterization valuing, then criticism is not valuing — John Dewey > It may on the other hand suggest more careful judgment < you cannot value him alone; you must set him, for contrast and comparison, among the dead. I mean this as a principle of aesthetic … criticism — T.S.Eliot > value is used more often than the accompanying words in quick or rash hyperboles < who values his own honor not a straw — Robert Browning > evaluate has less connotational effect than others in this group. It is often used in situations in which criteria or principles of judgment are specified as new or important < the current debate should be evaluated, not in terms of the excess profits tax we had during the last war, but in terms rather of an improved excess profits tax — L.G.Walinsky > < conventional ethical codes are assumed to be invalid or at least impractical for evaluating life as it is — C.C.Walcutt > rate indicates placing in a certain class, status, or bracket, perhaps without much serious reflection < it is a curious thing this friend of yours you rate so monstrous high has not come nigh you in your sore affliction — Edna S. V. Millay > < as copper is rated very much above its real value, so silver is rated somewhat below it — Adam Smith > assay stresses careful analysis before judgment, as with the completeness of scientific methods < alienation in the modern world is a major theme. In his later novels Greene has assayed it with acute analysis and philosophical breadth — J.M.Brinnin > assess likewise stresses careful analysis, as though according to better economic principles < long before he arrived in the capital he had cast up his accounts with himself and made his decision. Soberly he assessed the elements of his power — John Buchan > More than others in this group, appraise may suggest expert and definitive judgment on difficult or subtle matters < the cool, judicial regard, the scholarly eye of this trained historian resting on and appraising the turmoil and hysteria that marked the downfall of Adolf Hitler — Rosemary Benét > < this difficulty of appraising literature absolutely — A.T.Quiller-Couch > Synonym: see in addition calculate .II. \ˈestəmə̇]t sometimes -ˌmā]; usu ]d.+V\ noun (-s) Etymology: Latin aestimatus, from aestimatus, past participle of aestimare to value 1. a. : the act of appraising or valuing : valuation , calculation < the influence of their work upon the health and well-being of millions of Canadians is beyond estimate — F.C.James > b. obsolete : appraised value c. obsolete : esteem , repute 2. : an evaluation or judgment (as to the nature, character, or quality of a thing) < an estimate of a man > < by general estimate at the period, the flour ground at the Brandywine Mills possessed an uncommon softness and whiteness — American Guide Series: Delaware > < in any estimate of human life there are two factors, both of which are extremely difficult to weigh — David Fairchild > < whether it is a benefit at all is a matter of forecast and estimate— O.W.Holmes †1935 > < a generous estimate of one of the most intriguing and stimulating characters in modern fiction — Harrison Smith > : estimation < found that he had dropped somewhat in the estimate of the firm > < powerfully influenced an innocent public's estimate of an unfortunate woman — Ruth P. Randall > < in the last eight lines of the first stanza Keats makes one estimate of how this song could have thus affected him — C.S.Kilby > 3. a. : a judgment made from usually mathematical calculation especially from incomplete data : a rough or approximate calculation (as of the number, amount, or size of anything) < famous for a map of the inhabited earth and for reasonable estimates of the heights of mountains — Benjamin Farrington > < production figures for planes, tanks, and shipping actually exceeded the estimates projected by the program — Current Biography > < some sort of estimate of the possible future developments — A.G.N.Flew > < impossible to give a precise estimate of the duration of these various Pleistocene ages — W.H.Dowdeswell > b. : a statement of the often approximate amount for which certain work will be done by one who undertakes it III. noun : a numerical value obtained from a statistical sample and assigned to a population parameter |
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