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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary ex·clude (ex·clud·ed ; ex·clud·ing) ETYMOLOGY Middle English, from Latin excludere, from ex- + claudere to close — more at close DATE 14th century 1. a. to prevent or restrict the entrance of b. to bar from participation, consideration, or inclusion 2. to expel or bar especially from a place or position previously occupied • ex·clud·er noun English Etymology exclude late 14c., from L. excludere "keep out, shut out, hinder," from ex-"out" + claudere "to close, shut" (see close (v.)). Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7 ☞ exclude ex·clude / ik5sklu:d / verb[VN] 1. ~ sth (from sth) to deliberately not include sth in what you are doing or considering 不包括；不放在考虑之列: The cost of borrowing has been excluded from the inflation figures. 通胀数字未包括借贷成本。 Try excluding fat from your diet. 平时用餐时试一试不含脂肪的食品。 Buses run every hour, Sundays excluded. 公共汽车每小时一班,星期天除外。 OPP include 2. ~ sb / sth (from sth) to prevent sb / sth from entering a place or taking part in sth 防止…进入；阻止…参加；把…排斥在外: Women are still excluded from some London clubs. 伦敦有些俱乐部仍然拒绝妇女参加。 (BrE) Concern is growing over the number of children excluded from school (= not allowed to attend because of bad behaviour). 对遭学校开除的儿童人数之众,人们越来越表关注。 She felt excluded by the other girls (= they did not let her join in what they were doing). 她感到自己受到其他女孩子的排斥。 3. to decide that sth is not possible 排除(…的可能性)；认为…不可能: We should not exclude the possibility of negotiation. 我们不应该排除谈判的可能性。 The police have excluded theft as a motive for the murder. 警方已排除这起谋杀案中有偷窃的动机。 OPP include Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English exclude verb ADV. rigorously | altogether, completely, entirely, totally | not absolutely, not wholly The possibility of error cannot be absolutely excluded. | virtually | largely | permanently | apparently | clearly | automatically Unlawfully obtained evidence is not automatically excluded from a criminal trial. | necessarily | deliberately | explicitly, expressly, specifically | effectively By excluding children from pubs we are effectively excluding many parents. | systematically | unfairly VERB + EXCLUDE attempt to, be designed to, purport to, seek to a clause that seeks to exclude liability for death or serious injury | tend to tending to exclude certain groups from full participation in society PREP. from Women were excluded from the council. PHRASES feel excluded Many local people felt excluded from decisions that affected their own community. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus-11th Edition v. Function: verb to prevent the participation, consideration, or inclusion of FF1C;excluded that subject from discussionFF1E; Synonyms: bar, bate, count out, debar, eliminate, except, rule out, suspend Related Words: ban; close out, estop, obviate, preclude, prevent, prohibit, ward (off); blackball, blacklist, ostracize; block; disbar; lock out, put out, shut out Idioms: close (or shut) the door on Contrasted Words: comprehend, involve; embrace, take in Antonyms: admit; include Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged ex·clude \ikˈsklüd, ek-\ transitive verb (-ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Middle English excluden, from Latin excludere, from ex- ex- (I) + -cludere (from claudere to close) — more at close 1. a. : to shut out : restrain or hinder the entrance of < immigrants must be screened to exclude the small fraction of undesirables > < if you draw the blind it will exclude the glare > < that high ridge tends to exclude the breezes > b. : to bar from participation, enjoyment, consideration, or inclusion < there was no need to exclude your brother from our talks > < that request must be excluded from further consideration > c. : to prevent or refuse to tolerate the occurrence, use, or existence of < such words are excluded from polite conversation > < true faith excludes all doubt > < would exclude any oppressive measures no matter how expedient > 2. a. : to put out : expel especially from a place or position previously occupied < the executed queen's child was specifically excluded from the succession > b. : to eject especially in giving birth or hatching < as soon as the larva was excluded from the egg > Synonyms: debar , blackball , eliminate , rule (out), shut (out), disbar , suspend : exclude is a general term for shutting out or preventing entrance or admission < exclude light from the rooms > < exclude hospital visitors > < minority groups who are excluded from some activities simply because their ancestors belonged to the less privileged classes in a time when social status was a matter of birth rather than ability — J.R.Everett > < exclude these subjects from consideration > debar may suggest the effect of a bar, sometimes literal but usually figurative, in keeping from belonging or enjoying < the Blue mountains … presented a cruel, awful barrier to the earlier settlers, and for a long time debarred them from the land beyond — Anthony Trollope > < that movement was condemned as heretical and its adherents were expelled from the Church and debarred from the communion — K.S.Latourette > < dangerous and foolish talk — of a sort that should debar its author from further serious consideration by intelligent Americans — New Republic > blackball suggests exclusion from membership by adverse vote of those belonging < he was very nearly blackballed at a West End club of which his birth and social position fully entitled him to become a member — Oscar Wilde > eliminate indicates a discharging, casting out, or getting rid of something figuring as a constituent member or part or an included element < if children are eliminated from the statistics and only persons above the age of fifteen are taken into consideration — Morris Fishbein > < it is always wise to eliminate the personal equation from our judgments of literature — J.R.Lowell > rule (out) indicates formal or authoritative exclusion or elimination < a play ruled out by the referee > < candidacies ruled out by the election laws > < the dean ruled out any special celebration > shut (out) may indicate an effective, forceful, or definitive exclusion < always shut out from public office > < the purpose of cartels is to shut out newcomers to an industry unless the newcomers are willing to join in and be subjected to cartel arrangements — Wall Street Journal > disbar refers to the formal processes whereby a lawyer is prevented from further practice or to similar exclusions < the first proceeding in American history seeking to disbar an attorney for having invoked an historic constitutional privilege — New Republic > < disbarred from further teaching > suspend applies to a temporary elimination or exclusion pending investigation of fitness, occurrence of new developments, or full consideration of the matter < suspended from the university for bad conduct > |
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