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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary file
ETYMOLOGY Middle English, from Old English fēol; akin to Old High German fīla file DATE before 12th century 1. a tool usually of hardened steel with cutting ridges for forming or smoothing surfaces especially of metal 2. a shrewd or crafty person
transitive verb (filed ; fil·ing) DATE 13th century : to rub, smooth, or cut away with or as if with a file
transitive verb (filed ; fil·ing) ETYMOLOGY Middle English, from Old English fȳlan, from fūlfoul DATE before 12th century chiefly dialect : defile , corrupt
verb (filed ; fil·ing) ETYMOLOGY Middle English, from Medieval Latin filare to string documents on a string or wire, from filum file of documents, literally, thread, from Latin; akin to Armenian ǰil sinew DATE 15th century transitive verb 1. to arrange in order for preservation and reference file letters 2. a. to place among official records as prescribed by law file a mortgage b. to send (copy) to a newspaper filed a story c. to return to the office of the clerk of a court without action on the merits 3. to initiate (as a legal action) through proper formal procedure threatened to file charges intransitive verb 1. to register as a candidate especially in a primary election 2. to place items in a file 3. to submit documents necessary to initiate a legal proceeding file for bankruptcy
noun DATE 1525 1. a device (as a folder, case, or cabinet) by means of which papers are kept in order 2. a. archaic : roll , list b. a collection of papers or publications usually arranged or classified c. (1) a collection of related data records (as for a computer) (2) a complete collection of data (as text or a program) treated by a computer as a unit especially for purposes of input and output • • • - on file
noun ETYMOLOGY Middle French, from filer to spin, draw out, from Late Latin filare, from Latin filum DATE 1598 1. single file 2. any of the rows of squares that extend across a chessboard from one player's side to the other player's side
intransitive verb (filed ; filing) DATE 1614 : to march or proceed in single file English Etymology file 1. file (v.) "to place (papers) in consecutive order for future reference," 1473, from M.Fr . filer "string documents on a wire for preservation or reference," from fil "thread, string," from L. filum"thread," from PIE base *gwhis-lom (cf. Armenian jil "sinew, string, line," Lith. gysla "vein, sinew," O.C.S. zila "vein"). The notion is of documents hung up on a line like drying laundry. Methods have become more sophisticated, but the word has stuck. The noun first attested in Eng. in the military sense, "line or row of men," 1598, from http://M.Fr M.Fr . filer in the sense of "spin out (thread), march in file." The noun meaning "arranged collection of papers" is from 1626; computer sense is from 1954.http://M.Fr 2. file (n.) "metal tool," O.E. feol (Mercian fil), from P.Gmc. *finkhlo(cf. O.H.G. fila, M.Du. vile, Ger. Feile), probably from PIE *pik-/*peik- "cut" (cf. Skt. pimsati "hews out, carves," L. pingere "to paint," O.C.S. pila "file, saw," Lith. pela "file;" see paint). The verb in this sense is from early 13c. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7 ☞ file file / fail / noun1. a box or folded piece of card for keeping loose papers together and in order 文件夹；卷宗: a box file 文件箱 A stack of files awaited me on my desk. 我桌上有一堆文件正待我去处理。 2. a collection of information stored together in a computer, under a particular name (计算机的)文件, 档案: to access / copy / create / delete / download / save a file 存取/复制/创建/删除/下载/保存文件 Every file on the same disk must have a different name. 同一磁盘上的每一个文件都必须有不同的文件名。 ⇨ see also PDF 3. ~ (on sb) a file and the information it contains, for example about a particular person or subject 档案: secret police files 警方秘密档案 to have / open / keep a confidential file on sb 有/设立/保存某人的机密档案 Your application will be kept on file (= in a file, to be used later). 你的申请书将存档。 Police have reopened the file (= have started collecting information again) on the missing girl. 警方对失踪的女孩已重新建档调查。 4. a metal tool with a rough surface for cutting or shaping hard substances or for making them smooth 锉；锉刀 ⇨ see also nail file 5. a line of people or things, six behind the other 排成一行的人(或物): They set off in file behind the teacher. 他们跟在教师后面鱼贯出发。 IDIOMS ▪ (in) single 'file (also old-fashioned (in) Indian file) (in) six line, six behind the other 一路纵队；单行: They made their way in single file along the cliff path. 他们一个接着一个沿悬崖小径前进。 verb1. [VN] ~ sth (away) to put and keep documents, etc. in a particular place and in a particular order so that you can find them easily; to put a document into a file 把(文件等)归档: The forms should be filed alphabetically. 这些表格应该按字母顺序归档。 I filed the letters away in a drawer. 我把信件存放到抽屉里了。 Please file it in my 'Research' file. 请把它归入我的研究类档案。 2. ~ (for sth) (law 律) to present sth so that it can be officially recorded and dealt with 提起(诉讼)；提出(申请)；送交(备案): ▪ [V] to file for divorce 提交离婚申请书 ▪ [VN] to file a claim / complaint / petition / lawsuit 提出索赔/申诉；呈交诉状；提起诉讼 ▪ [also V to inf] 3. [VN] (of a journalist 记者) to send a report or a story to your employer 发送(报道给报社) 4. [V +adv. / prep.] to walk in a line of people, six after the other, in a particular direction 排成一行行走: The doors of the museum opened and the visitors began to file in. 博物馆开门了,参观者鱼贯而入。 5. [VN] ~ sth (away / down, etc.) to cut or shape sth or make sth smooth using a file 锉平；锉去；锉薄；锉光滑: to file your nails 把指甲锉光滑 Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English file verb 1 put sth in a file ADV. carefully | alphabetically | away These notes should be carefully filed away for future reference. PREP. under The card is filed alphabetically under the name of the editor. 2 record sth officially ADV. formally He has now formally filed a complaint against the police. PREP. for to file for bankruptcy/divorce | with A copy of the notice must be filed with the court. 3 walk in line ADV. silently | out, past The long line of mourners filed silently past. PREP. in, into, out of, past, through OLT file noun ⇨ document (confidential files)⇨ envelope (a box file)⇨ row (in single file) file verb ⇨ classify (filed alphabetically)⇨ present 3 (file a lawsuit) Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged file I. \ˈfīl, esp before pause or consonant -īəl\ noun (-s) Etymology: Middle English, from Old English fēol, fīl; akin to Old High German & Old Saxon fīla file, Old Norse thēl, and probably to Sanskrit piṁśati he cuts or hacks out — more at paint 1. a. : a hardened steel tool in the form of a bar or rod that has cutting ridges on its surface made by chisel cuts and that is used for forming or smoothing surfaces especially of metal by means of the cutting or abrading action of the ridges — see blunt file, double-cut file, float-cut file, machine file, rasp , rotary file, single-cut file, taper file b. : a narrow instrument for shaping fingernails with a fine rough metal or emery surface 2. : the corrugated part of the stridulating organ of an insect that produces sound when rubbed 3. : a shrewd or crafty person < an old file of a storekeeper > II. verb (-ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Middle English filen, from Old English fēolian, fīlian; akin to Old High German fīlōn to file, Old Norse thēla; derivative from the root of Old English fēol, fīl transitive verb 1. a. : to rub, smooth, or cut with a file < file a piece of stock > < filed away the rough edges > b. : to sharpen with a file < file a saw > 2. : to refine especially by careful revision < a prose style with all ineptitudes filed away > intransitive verb : to use or work with or as if with a file III. transitive verb (-ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Middle English filen, from Old English fȳlan, from fūl foul — more at foul 1. chiefly dialect : defile , befoul 2. chiefly dialect : debauch , dishonor IV. verb (-ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Middle English filen, from Middle French filer to string documents on a string or wire, from fil thread, string, from Latin filum; akin to Welsh gewyn sinew, nerve, Lithuanian gija thread, gysla vein, sinew, Armenian ǰil sinew, cord transitive verb 1. : to arrange (as papers, cards, or letters) in a particular order for preservation and reference 2. obsolete : thread , string 3. a. (1) : to deliver (as a legal paper or instrument) after complying with any condition precedent (as the payment of a fee) to the proper officer for keeping on file or among the records of his office (2) : to send (newspaper copy) to a newspaper or news agency by telephone, telegraph, or cable < filed a good story > b. : to place (as a paper or instrument) on file among the legal or official records of an office especially by formally receiving, endorsing, and entering c. : to return (a law case) to the office of the clerk of a court without action on the merits d. : to fill out and submit (an income tax return) to the appropriate office 4. : to perform the first act of (as a lawsuit) : commence intransitive verb : to register as a candidate especially in a primary election < file for county attorney > V. noun (-s) Etymology: Middle French fil 1. a. : a wire or cord that documents are strung from especially in an order devised to facilitate reference b. : a container (as a folder or a metal cabinet) in which papers are kept usually in chronological or alphabetical order for ready reference 2. obsolete : thread 3. a. obsolete : roll , list b. : a collection of cards or papers usually arranged or classified < a file of newspapers > < a letter file > 4. : label 3VI. noun (-s) Etymology: Middle French file row, from filer to spin, from Late Latin filare, from Latin filum thread 1. a. : a row of persons, animals, or things arranged one behind the other < a file of infantrymen > < to pass in file > — compare rank b. : a row of squares extending vertically across a chessboard < a knight's pawn may capture on the rook's or the bishop's file > 2. a. : a man in a military formation who occupies a position in a single rank b. : a number or numerical position on the lineal list for promotion < a navy file > VII. intransitive verb (-ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Middle French filer, from file, n. : to march in a line not abreast but one after another IX. \ˈfī(ə)l\ noun (-s) Etymology: Middle English, perhaps of Celtic origin; akin to Old Irish fȳla dirty fellow dialect England : rascal X. \(ˈ)fī(ə)l\ Scotland variant of while XI. noun (-s) Etymology: Dutch feil dialect : a cloth especially for wiping a floor or table XI. noun 1. : a collection of related data records (as for a computer) 2. : a complete collection of data (as text or a program) treated by a computer as a unit especially for purposes of input and output |
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