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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary mod·el
ETYMOLOGY Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello,from Vulgar Latin *modellus, from Latin modulus small measure, from modus DATE 1575 1. obsolete : a set of plans for a building 2. dialect British : copy , image 3. structural design a home on the model of an old farmhouse 4. a usually miniature representation of something; also : a pattern of something to be made 5. an example for imitation or emulation 6. a person or thing that serves as a pattern for an artist; especially: one who poses for an artist 7. archetype 8. an organism whose appearance a mimic imitates 9. one who is employed to display clothes or other merchandise 10. a. a type or design of clothing b. a type or design of product (as a car) 11. a description or analogy used to help visualize something (as an atom) that cannot be directly observed 12. a system of postulates, data, and inferences presented as a mathematical description of an entity or state of affairs; also : a computer simulation based on such a system climate models 13. version 314. animal model Synonyms. model , example , pattern , exemplar , ideal mean someone or something set before one for guidance or imitation. model applies to something taken or proposed as worthy of imitation a decor that is a model of good taste example applies to a person to be imitated or in some contexts on no account to be imitated but to be regarded as a warning children tend to follow the example of their parents pattern suggests a clear and detailed archetype or prototype American industry set a pattern for others to follow exemplar suggests either a faultless example to be emulated or a perfect typification cited Joan of Arc as the exemplar of courage ideal implies the best possible exemplification either in reality or in conception never found a job that matched his ideal
verb DATE 1625 transitive verb 1. to plan or form after a pattern : shape 2. archaic : to make into an organization (as an army, government, or parish) 3. a. to shape or fashion in a plastic material b. to produce a representation or simulation of using a computer to model a problem 4. to construct or fashion in imitation of a particular model modeled its constitution on that of the United States 5. to display by wearing, using, or posing with modeled gowns intransitive verb 1. to design or imitate forms : make a pattern enjoys modeling in clay 2. to work or act as a fashion or art model
adjective DATE 1844 1. serving as or capable of serving as a pattern a model student 2. being a usually miniature representation of something a model airplane English Etymology model 1570s, "architect's set of designs," from M.Fr . modelle (Fr.modèle), from It. modello "a model, mold," from V.L. *modellus,dim. of L. modulus "measure, standard," dim. of modus "manner, measure" (see mode (1)). Sense of "thing or person to be imitated" is 1630s. Meaning "motor vehicle of a particular design" is from 1900 (e.g. Model T, 1909). Sense of "artist's model" is first recorded 1691; that of "fashion model" is from 1904. The verb is 1665 in the sense of "fashion in clay or wax;" 1915 in the sense "to act as a model, to display (clothes)." Related: Modeled; modeling; modelled; modelling. The adj. is 1844, from the noun.http://M.Fr Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7 ☞ model model / 5mCdl; NAmE 5mB:dl / nounSMALL COPY 模型 1. a copy of sth, usually smaller than the original object (依照实物按比例制成的)模型: a working model (= six in which the parts move) of a fire engine 消防车的活动模型 a model aeroplane 飞机模型 The architect had produced a scale model of the proposed shopping complex. 建筑师为将要建设的购物中心做了一个比例模型。 DESIGN 设计 2. a particular design or type of product 样式；设计；型: The latest models will be on display at the motor show. 最新的车型将会在这次汽车展上展出。 DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM 体系描述 3. a simple description of a system, used for explaining how sth works or calculating what might happen, etc. (用于示范运作方法等的)模型: a mathematical model for determining the safe level of pesticides in food 测算食物中农药的安全含量的数学模型 EXAMPLE TO COPY 可仿效的样板 4. something such as a system that can be copied by other people 样本；范例: The nation's constitution provided a model that other countries followed. 这个国家的宪法成了别国仿效的范例。 5. (approving) a person or thing that is considered an excellent example of sth 模范；典型: It was a model of clarity. 这是表达清晰的范例。 a model student 模范生 a model farm (= six that has been specially designed to work well) 示范农场 ⇨ see also role model FASHION 时装 6. a person whose job is to wear and show new styles of clothes and be photographed wearing them 模特儿: a fashion model 时装模特儿 a male model 男模特儿 FOR ARTIST 艺术家的 7. a person who is employed to be painted, drawn, photographed, etc. by an artist or photographer 模特儿verb(-ll-, NAmE -l-) WORK AS MODEL 做模特儿 1. [V] to work as a model for an artist or in the fashion industry 做模特儿 CLOTHES 衣服 2. [VN] to wear clothes in order to show them to people who might want to buy them (向顾客)穿戴展示: The wedding gown is being modelled for us by the designer's daughter. 结婚礼服正由设计者的女儿穿在身上给我们看。 CREATE COPY 复制 3. [VN] to create a copy of an activity, a situation, etc. so that you can study it before dealing with the real thing 将…做成模型；复制 SYN simulate :
The program can model a typical home page for you. 这个程序可以帮你制作一份典型的主页。 CLAY, ETC. 黏土等 4. [VN] to shape clay , etc. in order to make sth 将(黏土等)做成模型: a statue modelled in bronze 青铜像 PHRASAL VERBS ▪ 'model yourself on sb to copy the behaviour, style, etc. of sb you like and respect in order to be like them 仿效；以某人为榜样: As a politician, he modelled himself on Churchill. 作为一位政治家,他以丘吉尔为榜样。 ▪ 'model sth on / after sth to make sth so that it looks, works, etc. like sth else 模仿；仿照: The country's parliament is modelled on the British system. 这个国家的议会是模仿英国的体制建立的。 Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English model noun 1 copy of sth ADJ. full-scale, scale | three-dimensional | detailed | working | clay, plastic, wooden, etc. VERB + MODEL assemble (used of models that you buy in a lot of parts), build, construct, make MODEL + NOUN aeroplane, car PREP. ~ of She made a fantastic clay model of her dog. 2 type of product ADJ. de luxe, popular, standard | latest, new VERB + MODEL do, make, produce They do several other models of washing machine. | sell | design, develop | recall They're recalling their new model for modifications to the engine. 3 example ADJ. excellent, good | conceptual, experimental, statistical, theoretical | clinical, economic, mathematical, medical, political, scientific | computer VERB + MODEL give sb, provide (sb with) The tape provides a model for students to copy | copy | use PREP. ~ of She was a model of restraint. | ~ for Successful state schools must be used as models for the rest. 4 for clothes ADJ. female, male | top | catwalk, fashion VERB + MODEL photograph, shoot • Note at JOB 5 for painting, etc. ADJ. artist's, photographic MODEL + VERB sit for sb/sth The model sits for me for three hours every day. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus-11th Edition n. Function: adjective 1 Synonyms: IDEAL 3, flawless, indefectible Related Words: commendable, exemplary 2 Synonyms: PERFECT 3, ideal, very 3 Synonyms: TYPICAL 1, classic, classical, exemplary, ideal, paradigmatic, prototypal, prototypical, quintessential, representativen. Function: noun 1 a miniature representation of something FF1C;a model of the dam that was accurate down to the last detailFF1E; Synonyms: miniature, pocket edition Related Words: copy, mock-up, replica, reproduction; dummy, effigy 2 something set or held before one for guidance or imitation FF1C;Samuel Johnson's literary style is often used as a model for writers seeking precision and clarityFF1E; Synonyms: archetype, beau ideal, ensample, example, exemplar, ideal, mirror, paradigm, pattern, standard; compare PARAGON Related Words: apotheosis, nonesuch, nonpareil, paragon; emblem, symbol, type; embodiment, epitome, quintessence; criterion, gauge, touchstone Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged mod·el I. \ˈmädəl\ noun (-s) Etymology: Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from (assumed) Vulgar Latin modellus, from Latin modulus small measure, from modus measure, manner + -ulus 1. obsolete : a set of plans for a building to be erected or of drawings to scale for a structure already built; also : a ground plan especially of a garden < we first survey the plot, then draw the model — Shakespeare > 2. dialect Britain : a person or thing that exactly resembles another : copy , image < had my father's signet in my purse, which was the model of that Danish seal — Shakespeare > 3. obsolete : something that encases or wraps around : mold < model to thy inward greatness, like little body with a mighty heart — Shakespeare > 4. : structural design : pattern < built his home on the model of an old farmhouse > < began his teaching by organizing a seminar on the German model — J.S.Bassett > < providing for the founding of New Jersey towns on the New England model — American Guide Series: New Jersey > 5. archaic : an abstract or summary of a written work : epitome 6. a. : a usually miniature three-dimensional representation of something existing in nature or constructed or to be constructed < a mile-long concrete model of the Mississippi valley — Time > < a 15-foot model of a full-rigged ship — American Guide Series: Maryland > < miniature, like some exquisite model seen through a glass case — Osbert Sitwell > b. : a representation in relief or three dimensions in plaster, papier-mâché, wood, plastic, or other material of a surface or solid 7. : something made in a usually pliable material (as clay or wax) and intended to serve as a pattern of an object or figure to be made in a more permanent material < made many models of the coin before he was satisfied with one > 8. : a person or thing regarded as worthy of imitation : something perfect of its kind < brevity that renders both writers such valuable models to an age whose worst literary fault is diffuseness — Richard Garnett †1906 > < still remains a model of scientific argument — B.W.Bacon > < his written addresses are models of clearness, logical order, and style — A.B.Noble > 9. : a person or thing that serves as a pattern or source of inspiration for an artist or writer < his father was the model for one of the most famous characters in literature > especially : one who poses for an artist < his wife served as the model for many of his early paintings > 10. : archetype 11. : an organism whose appearance a mimic imitates — compare mimicry 12. : one who is employed to display clothes or to appear in displays of other merchandise (as in a fashion show, in a photograph, or on television) < left school to go to work as a dress model in the garment district — Current Biography > < he has appeared as a model in advertisements for cigars > 13. a. (1) : a specific type or design of clothing < favors the Alaskan-trapper model with a high guard at the toe — R.L.Neuberger > (2) : an article of clothing (as a dress with a distinctive design) < girls, self-conscious in their Paris models — Paul Bowles > b. : a specific type or design of car < offers eight new models for next year, including a completely restyled convertible > c. : a modification or variation of a general type or mark of military equipment 14. a. : a description, a collection of statistical data, or an analogy used to help visualize often in a simplified way something that cannot be directly observed (as an atom) b. : a theoretical projection in detail of a possible system of human relationships (as in economics, politics, or psychology) : blueprint < his model of an election procedure based on permanent personal registration reveals some of the problems to be solved > < constructed the first of the world models of the present century — S.F.Mason > Synonyms: example , pattern , exemplar , paradigm , ideal , beau ideal, standard , mirror : model applies to something set up or held out as worthy of imitation, sometimes preeminently so < a workmen's compensation law which is still considered a model piece of legislation — Current Biography > < models for the development of his own habitual responses to various situations — Ralph Linton > < the very model of a modern major general — W.S.Gilbert > example applies chiefly to a person to be imitated or, in some contexts, emphatically not to be imitated since his case serves not as an inducement but as a warning < one of the immortal examples of a true man in a world of bounders, cowards, and squeaking specters — W.L.Sullivan > < presents an example in modern department store designing — Retailing Daily > < making the mutineers examples for the rest of the crew > pattern may suggest a clear or detailed archetype or prototype < many hymns that set the pattern for the stately hymnology of the American Protestant Church — American Guide Series: New Jersey > < the ancient pattern of life had been woven continuously for so many centuries that even illiterate farmers knew how to be courtly and dignified at family celebrations or at the great yearly festivals — John Blofeld > exemplar indicates either a faultless example to be emulated or a perfect typification < Christianity was primarily an ethical system; Christ was its great teacher and exemplar; and to be a Christian meant to conduct one's life in accordance with the principles which governed Him — A.C.McGiffert > < the living exemplar of tragedy as the human lot — V.S.Pritchett > paradigm , now rare in this sense, may suggest an exemplar of a perfection impossible or unusual in reality < a love worthy of being a paradigm of the cosmic relation of universal matter and universal form, this all-comprising power, cannot be a vague feeling — F.P.Bargebuhr > ideal indicates the best possible exemplification either in reality or in a mental conception < he had the courage and rebelliousness of his … cousins too much on his mind; they were his ideal — Glenway Wescott > < a multitude of stories and traditions grew up around his name, to be interpreted according to the hearers' own ideals of personality and education — D.E.Smith > beau ideal sometimes is taken to mean “beautiful ideal” < the very beau ideal of a perfect government is the government of a majority, acting through a representative body — J.C.Calhoun > standard may indicate that which embodies criteria for excellence and sets a high example for emulation < the ideal of general cultivation has been one of the standards in education — C.W.Eliot > < human life on earth cannot continue unless we ordinary men and women can manage to practice these virtues up to a far higher standard — A.J.Toynbee > mirror was once often used to mean a model of perfection < bounteous Buckingham, the mirror of all courtesy — Shakespeare > II. verb (modeled or modelled ; modeled or modelled ; modeling ormodelling \-d(ə)liŋ\ ; models) transitive verb 1. : to plan or form after a pattern : frame , shape < modeled a double-decked steamboat — Waldemar Kaempffert > 2. archaic : to make into an organization (as an army, government, or parish) 3. a. : to shape or fashion in a pliable material (as clay, wax, or dampened leather) < a file of plasticene animals modeled by the little girls — Elizabeth Bowen > b. : to give a three-dimensional appearance to in painting or drawing especially by means of chiaroscuro < models the head so that it seems to stand out from the canvas > c. : to emphasize the three-dimensional qualities of (a photographic subject) by means of highlights and shadows < a modeling light for portraiture > < use shadows to lend interest to the scene, to model it, give it emphasis — Aaron Sussman > 4. : to construct or fashion in imitation of a particular model < modeled its constitution on that of the U.S. > < as for the speeches to Congress, they were palpably modeled upon the speeches from the throne of the English kings — H.L.Mencken > 5. : to display by wearing, using, or posing with < modeled her inaugural gowns at a fashion show — New York Times > < famous for modeling refrigerators and other appliances > intransitive verb 1. : to design or imitate forms : make a pattern < she enjoys modeling in clay > 2. : to work or act as a model < asked each contestant … to model before the judges' enclosure — Lillian Ross > III. adjective : serving as or capable of serving as a model < a model house > < a model husband > < a model farm > IV. noun 1. : a system of postulates, data, and inferences presented as a mathematical description of an entity or state of affairs ; also : a computer simulation based on such a system < climate models > 2. : version : equivalent 3. : animal model herein V. transitive verb : to produce a representation or simulation of < using a computer to model a problem > |
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