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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary ob·du·rate
\\ˈäb-də-rət, -dyə-; äb-ˈdu̇r-ət, əb-, -ˈdyu̇r-\\ adjective ETYMOLOGY Middle English, from Latin obduratus, past participle of obdurare to harden, from ob- against + durus hard — more at during DATE 15th century 1.
a. stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing
b. hardened in feelings2. resistant to persuasion or softening influencesSynonyms: see inflexible
• ob·du·rate·ly adverb
• ob·du·rate·ness noun obdurate
mid-15c., from L. obduratus "hardened," pp. of obdurare "harden," from ob "against" + durare "harden, render hard," from durus "hard" (see endure). Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7 obdurateob·dur·ate / 5CbdjErEt; NAmE 5B:bdEr- / adjective ( formal, usually disapproving)refusing to change your mind or your actions in any way 顽固的；固执的；执拗的
SYN stubborn • ob·dur·acy / 5CbdjErEsi; NAmE 5B:bdEr- / noun [U]• ob·dur·ate·ly adv. Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged ob·du·rateI. \-rə̇t, usu -ə̇d.+V\ adjectiveEtymology: Middle English obdurat, from Latin obduratus, past participle of obdurare to harden, from ob- toward, over + durare to harden — more at ob- , dure 1.
a. : hardened in feelings especially against moral or mollifying influences : stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing
< that obdurate old sinner >
b. : resistant to persuasion or softening influences : inflexible , unyielding
< obdurate in his determination >
< remaining obdurate to her husband's advances — Edith Wharton >2. : hard and resistant : harsh , rugged , rough
< wringing a livelihood from that obdurate soil >
• ob·du·rate·ly adverb
• ob·du·rate·ness noun -esII. \-ˌrāt, usu -ād.+V\ transitive verb
( -ed/-ing/-s) Etymology: Latin obduratus, past participle of obdurare to harden : to make obdurate; especially : to make stubbornly persistent in ill-doing • ob·du·ra·tion \ˌäbd(y)əˈrāshən\ noun -s
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