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Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary pro·cess \\ˈprä-ˌses, ˈprō-, -səs\\ noun( plural pro·cess·es \\-ˌse-səz, -sə-, -ˌsēz\\) ETYMOLOGY Middle English proces, from Anglo-French procés, from Latin processus, from procedere DATE 14th century 1. a. progress , advance in the process of time b. something going on : proceeding 2. a. (1) a natural phenomenon marked by gradual changes that lead toward a particular result the process of growth (2) a continuing natural or biological activity or function such life processes as breathing b. a series of actions or operations conducing to an end; especially : a continuous operation or treatment especially in manufacture3. a. the whole course of proceedings in a legal action b. the summons, mandate, or writ used by a court to compel the appearance of the defendant in a legal action or compliance with its orders4. a prominent or projecting part of an organism or organic structure a bone process a nerve cell process5. conk VItransitive verb DATE 1532 1. a. to proceed against by law : prosecute b. (1) to take out a summons against (2) to serve a summons on 2. a. to subject to a special process or treatment (as in the course of manufacture or film development) b. (1) to subject to or handle through an established usually routine set of procedures process insurance claims (2) to integrate sensory information received so that an action or response is generated the brain processes visual images relayed from the retina (3) to subject to examination or analysis computers process data c. to work (hair) into a conkadjective DATE 1888 1. treated or made by a special process especially when involving synthesis or artificial modification2. made by or used in a mechanical or photomechanical duplicating process3. of or involving illusory effects usually introduced during processing of the film \\prə-ˈses\\ intransitive verb ETYMOLOGY back-formation from procession (I) DATE 1814 chiefly British : to move in a procession process process (n.) early 14c., "fact of being carried on" (e.g. in process), from O.Fr. proces "journey" (13c.), from L. processus "process, advance, progress," from pp. stem of procedere "go forward" (see proceed). Meaning "course or method of action" is from mid-14c.; sense of "continuous series of actions meant to accomplish some result" (the main modern sense) is from 1620s. Legal sense of "course of action of a suit at law" is attested from early 14c. Verb meaning "prepare by special process" first recorded 1884; processor is 1909; data processor is 1958; word processor is c.1974; food processor is 1977. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7 ☞ processpro·cess¹ / 5prEuses; NAmE 5prB:ses; 5prou- / ⇨ see also process ² noun1. a series of things that are done in order to achieve a particular result (为达到某一目标的)过程;进程: a consultation process 磋商过程 to begin the difficult process of reforming the education system 开始进行教育制度改革的艰难历程 I'm afraid getting things changed will be a slow process. 做任何改革恐怕都会是个缓慢的过程。 mental processes 思维过程 Coming off the drug was a long and painful (= difficult) process for him. 戒毒对他是个漫长、痛苦的过程。 Find which food you are allergic to by a process of elimination. 用淘汰法找出你对哪种食物过敏。 We're in the process of selling our house. 我们正在出售自家的住宅。 I was moving some furniture and I twisted my ankle in the process (= while I was doing it). 我在挪动家具时崴了脚。⇨ see also peace process 2. a series of things that happen, especially ones that result in natural changes (事物发展,尤指自然变化的)过程,步骤,流程: the ageing process 老化过程 It's a normal part of the learning process. 那是学习过程中的正常现象。3. a method of doing or making sth, especially six that is used in industry 做事方法;工艺流程;工序: manufacturing processes 制造方法verb[VN]1. to treat raw material, food, etc. in order to change it, preserve it, etc. 加工;处理: Most of the food we buy is processed in some way. 我们买的大部份食品都用某种方法加工过。 processed cheese 加工好的干酪 I sent seven rolls of film away to be processed. 我送了三个胶卷去冲印。 a sewage processing plant 污水处理厂2. to deal officially with a document, request, etc. 审阅,审核,处理(文件、请求等): It will take a week for your application to be processed. 审核你的申请需要一周时间。3. (computing 计) to perform a series of operations on data in a computer 数据处理• pro·cess·ing noun [U] : the food processing industry 食品加工业⇨ see also data processing , word processing pro·cess² / prE5ses / verb [V +adv. / prep.] ( formal) to walk or move along slowly in, or as if in, a procession 列队行进;缓缓前进⇨ see also process ¹ Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English Oxford Collocations dictionary for students of Englishprocess noun ADJ. gradual, lengthy, long, slow | constant, continuous | complex, complicated, difficult | natural | due the due process of law | painful Removing the splinters from the wound was a long and painful process. | consultation, consultative, decision-making, management, planning | cognitive, creative, learning, mental Teachers are trained to stimulate the child's cognitive processes. | assessment, selection | democratic, electoral, political Churches are taking a key role in the democratic process. | chemical, industrial, manufacturing, production | ageing, biological, evolutionary, physical | judicial, legal | peace a stalemate in the peace process | historical, social VERB + PROCESS go through Each time we have to go through the whole decision-making process again. | accelerate, speed up, stimulate Excessive exposure to sunlight speeds up the ageing process of the skin. PROCESS + VERB take place The selection process takes place over a period of two weeks. PREP. ~ for a legal process for dealing with defrauders | ~ of the process of change PHRASES a stage in/of the process Oxford Collocations dictionary for students of Englishprocess verb ADV. efficiently | quickly | automatically | routinely PREP. for The plant is then processed for dye. | into The berries are processed into juice or sauce. PHRASES highly processed highly processed foods process verb ⇨ treat 2
process noun ⇨ process (in the process of doing sth) ⇨ way 2 (industrial processes) Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged pro·cessI. \ˈprä]ˌses also ˈprō] or ]_sə̇s\ noun( plural processes \“+ə̇z also ÷]_sə̇ˌsēz sometimes ÷]ˌse(ˌ)sēz\) Etymology: Middle English proces, processe, process, from Middle French proces, from Latin processus, from processus, past participle of procedere to proceed — more at proceed 1. a. : a progressive forward movement from one point to another on the way to completion : the action of passing through continuing development from a beginning to a contemplated end : the action of continuously going along through each of a succession of acts, events, or developmental stages : the action of being progressively advanced or progressively done : continued onward movement < the job is not yet finished but is still in process > < many other questions are in process of discussion — Vera M. Dean > < social process > < links in the endless interlocking chain of causation and concomitance that constitutes the process of history — Max Lerner & Edwin Mims > < in the process of governing people of so many races — Vernon Bartlett > < did his best to educate himself, and in the process he developed a profound respect for education — Oscar Schisgall > b. : continued onward flow : course < in the process of time > c. : something (as a series of actions, happenings, or experiences) going on or carried on : proceeding < standing in the cold was not a pleasant process > < behind the arras I'll convey myself to hear the process — Shakespeare > d. (1) : a natural progressively continuing operation or development marked by a series of gradual changes that succeed one another in a relatively fixed way and lead toward a particular result or end < the process of growth > < the process of digestion > : a natural continuing activity or function < such life processes as breathing and the circulation of the blood > (2) : an artificial or voluntary progressively continuing operation that consists of a series of controlled actions or movements systematically directed toward a particular result or end < the process governing the mechanism of a clock > < cannot be achieved by any deductive process — J.H.Steward > < explanations of … how the editorial process worked — A.S.Link > (3) : a set of facts, circumstances, or experiences that are observed and described or that can be observed and described throughout each of a series of changes continuously succeeding each other : a phenomenon or condition marked by a series of slow or rapid changes throughout a period of time < the process of decay > < a pathological process > < tuberculous process > (4) : a succession of related changes by which one thing gradually becomes something else < a new theory of evolutionary process > e. : a particular method or system of doing something, producing something, or accomplishing a specific result; especially : a particular method or system used in a manufacturing operation < a process of making steel > or other technical operation < a chemical process >2. [Middle English proces, processe, from Middle French proces, from Medieval Latin processus, from Latin] a. : the course of procedure in a judicial action or in a suit in litigation : legal action < changed his name by legal process — Current Biography > < federal process … does not have to be confined to state borders — Va. Law Review > b. (1) : a summons, mandate, or writ that serves as the means used to bring a defendant into court to answer in a judicial action or in a suit in litigation; also : a writ by which a court exercises its jurisdiction over the parties or subject matter of judicial action or of a suit in litigation < process for their appearance has been duly issued — Detroit Law Journal > (2) : the whole body of such summonses, mandates, or writs 3. obsolete : report , account < the whole ear of Denmark is by a forged process of my death rankly abused — Shakespeare >4. : a part of the mass of an organism or organic structure that projects outward from the main mass < a bone process > < a parasite that puts forth processes resembling tentacles >5. obsolete : a royal edict 6. Roman Catholicism : the canonical procedure followed in beatification or canonization II. verb( processed \“+t\ ; processed \“+t\ ; processing \“+iŋ\ ; processes \“+ə̇z\) Etymology: in sense 1, from Middle French processer, from proces; in other senses, from process (I) transitive verb1. a. : to proceed against by law : prosecute < the debt for which they were processed — H.W.V.Stuart > b. (1) : to take out a summons against (2) : to serve a summons on < warned that they would process him >2. : to subject to a particular method, system, or technique of preparation, handling, or other treatment designed to effect a particular result : put through a special process: as a. (1) : to prepare for market, manufacture, or other commercial use by subjecting to some process < processing cattle by slaughtering them > < processed the milk by pasteurizing it > < processing grain by milling > < processing cotton by spinning > (2) : to make usable by special treatment < processing rancid butter > < processing waste material > < processed the water to remove impurities > b. (1) : to subject to rapid examination and handling designed to dispose of routine details (as by recording preliminary data of or about) < processing books for a library > < efficiently processed the invoices > (2) : to subject to rapid examination and handling designed to produce a preliminary classification based on apparent skills, aptitudes, and other qualifications < processing applicants > < processing army recruits > (3) : to take care of, attend to, or dispose of by some largely routine procedure < quickly processed the loan requested by the firm > (4) : to subject to examination and analysis < processing data radioed by a space rocket > < where news from everywhere is processed — F.L.Mott >3. : to produce a copy of by a mechanical or photomechanical duplicating process < a processed publication >intransitive verb: to process something III. adjectiveEtymology: process (I) 1. : prepared, handled, treated, or produced by a special process: as a. : made by some special synthetic process < process fuels > < process sugar > b. : made by or used in a mechanical or photomechanical duplicating process < process publications > < process ink > c. : made by special equipment or techniques so as to produce an optical effect not otherwise attainable < a motion picture that has a number of remarkable process scenes >2. a. : used in producing special effects < a process motion-picture camera > b. : used in making colored reproductions in almost any hue or shade by printing from halftone plates in usually three or more colors (as red, yellow, blue) IV. \prəˈses, prōˈs-\ intransitive verb( -ed/-ing/-es) Etymology: back-formation from procession (I) : to move along : go ; especially : to move along in or as if in a procession < processed slowly through the town, conversing amiably — Thomas Wood †1950 >
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