Apedia

Penumbra  A Shadow  Of Light Surrounding Noun Region

Title penumbra
Text
Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
pen·um·bra
 \\pə-ˈnəm-brə\\ noun 
(plural pen·um·brae 
 \\-(ˌ)brē, -ˌbrī \\ ; or -bras)
 ETYMOLOGY  New Latin, from Latin paene almost + umbrashadow — more at 
umbrage
 DATE  1666
1.
  a. a space of partial illumination (as in an eclipse) between the perfect shadow on all sides and the full light
  b. a shaded region surrounding the dark central portion of a sunspot
2. a surrounding or adjoining region in which something exists in a lesser degree : 
fringe
3. a body of rights held to be guaranteed by implication in a civil constitution
4. something that covers, surrounds, or obscures : 
shroud
    penumbra of secrecy
    penumbra of somber dignity has descended over his reputation — James Atlas
• pen·um·bral 
 \\-brəl\\ adjective
English Etymology
penumbra
  1666, from Mod.L. penumbra "partial shadow outside the complete shadow of an eclipse," coined 1604 by Kepler from L.pæne "almost" + umbra "shadow" (see umbrage).
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary-牛津双解-OALD7
penumbra
pen·um·bra pE5nQmbrE / noun(technical 术语) 
1. an area of shadow which is between fully dark and fully light
   (黑暗与光明之间的)半影
2. (astronomy 天) the shadow made by the earth or the moon during a 
partial
 
eclipse
 
   (偏蚀期间的)半影
 compare 
umbra
 (2) 
Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged
pe·num·bra
I. \pə̇ˈnəmbrə\ noun
(plural penumbrae \-mˌbrē, -rī\ ; or penumbras)
Etymology: New Latin, from Latin pene- + umbra shadow — more at 
umbrage
1. : a shadow cast (as in an eclipse) where the light is partly but not wholly cut off by the intervening body : a space of partial illumination between the perfect shadow on all sides and the full light
2. : the shaded region surrounding the dark central portion of a sunspot
3. 
 a. : a surrounding or adjoining region in which something exists in a lesser degree : a marginal area : 
fringe
  < the penumbra of consciousness >
  < Thracian existed in a sort of cultural penumbra on the border line of the civilized world — Jaan Puhvel >
  < the seventeenth century lay in the penumbra of the middle ages — Edward Eggleston >
  < the few sure findings remain surrounded by a much larger penumbra of uncertainties — A.L.Kroeber >
 b. : a surrounding atmosphere (as of obscurity, emotion, meaning) : 
aura
nimbus
  < love … has been stripped of its mystical penumbra — J.W.Krutch >
  < symbols carrying with them vital penumbras of meaning — M.R.Cohen >
 c. : an area containing things of obscure classification : an uncertain middle ground between fields of thought or activity :
borderland
no-man's-land
  < orthodoxy and heterodoxy have too large a penumbra of doubt — New Republic >
4. : a part of a picture where shade gradually blends with light
• pe·num·bral \-rəl\ adjective
II. noun
: a body of rights held to be guaranteed by implication in a civil constitution 
 < the penumbras of the Bill of Rights >

Learn with these flashcards. Click next, previous, or up to navigate to more flashcards for this subject.

Next card:  to verb percuss per·cuss transitive  latin  participle of 

Previous card: Penultimate from  adjective the  penult  next  chapter book

Up to card list: English learning