Surface Water Verb B Layer Surfaced Noun Boundary

sur·face

I

\\ˈsər-fəs\\ noun1. the exterior or upper boundary of an object or body
    on the surface of the water
    the earth's surface
2. a plane or curved two-dimensional locus of points (as the boundary of a three-dimensional region)
    plane surface
    surface of a sphere
3.
  a. the external or superficial aspect of something
      trouble lurks below the surface
  b. an external part or layer
      sanded the rough surfaces
 • • •
-

II

adjective1.
  a. of, located on, or designed for use at the surface of something
  b. situated, transported, or employed on the surface of the earth
      surface mail
      surface vehicles
2. appearing to be such on the surface only :

superficial

    surface friendships

III

verb
(sur·faced ; sur·fac·ing) transitive verb
1. to give a surface to: as
  a. to plane or make smooth
  b. to apply the surface layer to
      surface a highway
2. to bring to the surface
    surface a sunken ship
intransitive verb
1. to work on or at the surface
2. to come to the surface
3. to come into public view :

show up

    letters that have recently surfaced
• sur·fac·er noun

surface
  1611, from Fr. surface "outermost boundary of anything, outside part" (16c.), from O.Fr. sur- "above" + face (see face). Patterned on L. superficies "surface" (see superficial). The verb meaning "come to the surface" is first recorded 1898; earlier it meant "bring to the surface" (1885), and "to give something a polished surface" (1778).

☞ surface
sur·face / 5sE:fis; NAmE 5sE:rfis / noun1. [C] the outside or top layer of sth
   表面；表层；面:
   an uneven road surface
   凹凸不平的路面
   We'll need a flat surface to play the game on.
   我们得有个平面才能玩这个游戏。
   Teeth have a hard surface layer called enamel.
   牙齿有一层叫做釉质的坚硬表层。
   a broad leaf with a large surface area
   表面积很大的阔叶
2. [C, usually sing.] the top layer of an area of water or land
   水面；地面；液面:
   the earth's surface
   地球表面
   These plants float on the surface of the water.
   这些植物漂浮在水面上。
3. [C] the flat upper part of a piece of furniture, that is used for working on
   (家具的)顶面,操作枱:
   a work surface
   操作枱
   She's cleaned all the kitchen surfaces.
   她把厨房的所有枱面全都收拾干净了。
4. [sing.] the outer appearance of a person, thing or situation; the qualities that you see or notice, that are not hidden
   表面；外表；外观:
   Rage bubbled just below the surface of his mind.
   怒火在他心中燃烧,随时可能迸发。
 IDIOMS 
▪ on the 'surface
   when not thought about deeply or thoroughly; when not looked at carefully
   表面上；从外表看；乍一看:
   It seems like a good idea on the surface but there are sure to be problems.
   这主意乍一看不错,但肯定存在问题。
   On the surface, he appeared unchanged.
   看外表他好像没变。
⇨ more at

scratch

v. verb1. [V] to come up to the surface of water
   升到水面；浮出水面
   SYN 

emerge

:
   The ducks dived and surfaced again several metres away.
   鸭子潜入水中,然后在几米开外钻出水面。
2. [V] to suddenly appear or become obvious after having been hidden for a while
   (隐藏或被掩盖一段时间后)露面,重新出现,显露,被披露
   SYN 

emerge

:
   Doubts began to surface.
   人们开始怀疑起来。
   She surfaced again years later in London.
   多年后她又出现在伦敦。
3. [V] (informal) to wake up or get up after being asleep
   醒来；起床:
   He finally surfaced around noon.
   他终于在中午时分醒来。
4. [VN] to put a surface on a road, path, etc.
   铺设路面等

surface verb

sur·face
I. \ˈsərfə̇s, ˈsə̄f-, ˈsəif-\ noun
(-s)
Etymology: French, from sur- + face, from Old French — more at
1. : the exterior or outside of an object or body : the outermost or uppermost boundary : one or more of the faces of a three-dimensional thing : a plane of a solid
 < the uneven surface of the earth >
 < on the surface of the water >
 < planks with a rough surface >
 < the octagonal surfaces of a diamond >
2. : a two-dimensional locus of points : the boundary or portion of the boundary of a three-dimensional region
 < a plane surface >
 < a spherical surface >
3. : something held to resemble the surface of an object or body:
 a. : the part of something that is presented to a viewer with little or no examination : the outward appearance or characteristics of something : the external aspect
  < the surface of society >
  < deep beneath the surface of the legal system — B.N.Cardozo >
 b. : someone or something without depth : a mere outside : one that is superficial in nature
4. : a complete airfoil used for sustentation or control or to increase stability
5. : the condition of a railroad track marked by vertical evenness or smoothness over short distances
 < the track is in surface >
6.
 a. :
  < autographic works printed from surfaces actually produced by the artist — Barnett Freedman >
  < printing done from relief surfaces >
 b. : 1b(11)
•
-
II. verb
(-ed/-ing/-s)
transitive verb
1. : to give a surface to: as
 a. : to plane (as lumber) or make smooth
 b. : to apply the surface layer to
  < the towers are surfaced with steel plates — American Guide Series: New York City >
  < surface a highway >
 c. : to finish (as furniture or a marble slab) especially by polishing or varnishing
 d. : to give a usually specified surface to
  < walls surfaced with cream stucco — American Guide Series: North Carolina >
2. : to bring to the surface
 < two wells … surface more than 6,000 gallons of water a minute — Gaston Burridge >
intransitive verb
1. : to work on or at the surface — used especially of a gold digger who works the ground superficially or a tracklayer who brings the top of the rail to a true grade line
2. : to come or rise to the surface (as of the water)
 < a submarine surfaced outside the harbor >
 < a subway downtown, the line surfaces after three miles — A.H.Brown >
 < the truth began to surface — Robert Jackson >
III. adjective
1.
 a. : of, located on, or designed for use at the surface of something
  < designing surface instruments for the detection of oil deposits — W.J.Reilly >
  < surface forces >
  < surface vessels >
  < surface runoff of water >
 b. : situated on the surface of the earth rather than in the air or underground
  < surface transportation >
  < surface communications >
 c.
  (1) : of or relating to surface mail
   < surface postage >
  (2) : handled as surface mail
   < surface parcel post >
2. : acting upon or against a surface
 < a surface grinder >
3. : working at or near the surface
 < surface mining >
: worked at or near the surface
 < surface mines >
4.
 a. : appearing on the surface only : lacking depth
  < accurate surface realism — R.A.Cordell >
  < improvements in surface conditions but not in fundamental weaknesses >
 b. :
  < surface friendships >

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