English Phonology and Phonetics
This flashcard deck covers key topics in English phonetics and phonology. It explains important concepts such as phonemes, allophones, minimal pairs, homophones, and homographs. The distinction between phonetics (study of concrete speech sounds) and phonology (study of a language's sound system) is emphasized. Active and passive articulators, as well as places and manners of articulation, are described. Important vocal tract organs are presented with images and numbering. The concepts of descriptivism and prescriptivism in language use are explained. Additionally, phonological context codes and distinctive features of English consonants (place, manner of articulation, intensity) are detailed.
Dieses Kartenset behandelt zentrale Themen der englischen Phonetik und Phonologie. Es erklärt wichtige Begriffe wie Phonem, Allophone, minimale Paare, Homophone und Homographen. Die Unterscheidung zwischen Phonetik (konkrete Lautcharakteristika) und Phonologie (Lautsystem einer Sprache) wird hervorgehoben. Zudem werden aktive und passive Artikulatoren sowie Orte und Arten der Artikulation beschrieben. Wichtige Organe des Vokaltrakts und deren Nummerierung werden mit Bildern vorgestellt. Der Begriff der Deskriptivismus und Preskriptivismus im Sprachgebrauch wird erläutert. Schließlich werden spezielle Codes für phonologische Kontexte und typische Merkmale der englischen Konsonanten (Artikulationsort, -art, Intensität) erläutert.
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- Moan,men,mine,moon minimal set true vowel
- Rp widespread ga poken small people false
- Allophones belong area phonology false theybelong phonetics
- Velum passive articulator true the
- Obstruction airstream vocal tract manner articulation consonants vowel
- Palatal 6
- Bilabial 1
- Labio-dental 2
- Dental 3
- Alveolar 4
- Post-alveolar 5
- Palato-alveolar area the between 4
- Velar 6
- Glottal 8
- Oral cavity 18
- Lips labia 7
- Tip tongue of the 9
- Front tongue of the 13
- Blade tongue of the 11
- Uvula 6
- Soft palate velum 4
- Hard palate palatum 3
- Glottis 14
- Nasal cavity 1
- Teeth dentes 5
- Vocal cords 12
- Pharynx pharyngeal cavity or the
- Larynx 17
- Back tongue of the 15
- Nasal cavity 1
- Wind pipe trachea 16
- Alveolar ridge 2
- Lc lenis consonant
- Word boundary beginning the after
- V voiced context sound surrounded vowels or/and lenis
- Fc fortis consonant
- Word boundary end the before
- Lead y homograph exact spelling diff sounds führen
- Y homophones exact sounds diff spelling night knight
- Y descriptivism respect language attempt objectively describe speech
- Language y prescriptivism respect attempt set rules correct
- Y phonetics study speech sounds concrete characteristics
- Y phonology study sound system language
- Y active articulator organ moves actively involved producing
- Y passive articulator target articulation direct contact approximation
- Place y articulation consonants contact maximal approximation vowels
- Phoneme language y smallest contrastive distinctive meaning distinguishing
- Pairs y minimal words differ meaning sound e.g
- Y allophones variant realisations phoneme show consistent phonetic
- Distinctive features articulation y consonants english place manner
- Words full majority y content lexical autosemantic stateable
- Words grammatical y function form synsemantic primarily express
- Forms words y weak connected speech function occur
- Fortis sounds consonants articulation muscular effort greater breath
- Lenis sounds voiced muscular effort breath force opposed
- Stage articulators closure air compressed articulation plosive approach
- G plosive velar lenis
- S fricative alveolar fortis
- Ʃ fricative palato-alveolar fortis
- Ŋ nasal velar lenis
- Θ fricative dental fortis
- Ð fricative dental lenis
- Z fricative alveolar lenis
- Ʒ fricative palato-alveolar lenis
- H fricative glottal lenis
- M nasal bilibial lenis
- N nasal alveolar lenis
- L lateral alveolar lenis
- W approximant semi-vowel bilibial lenis
- R approximant semi-vowel post-alveolar lenis
- J approximant semi-vowel palatal lenis
- P plosive bilibial fortis
- B plosive bilibial lenis
- T plosive aleveolar fortis
- D plosive alveolar lenis
- K plosive velar fortis
- F fricative labio-dental fortis
- V fricative labio-dental lenis
- ʧ affricate palato-alveolar fortis
- ʤ affricate palato-alveolar lenis
- Lc lenis consonant
- V front vowel in of
- V front unstressed vowel in
- V voiced context sound surrounded vowels or/and lenis
- Word boundary space
- Fc fortis consonant after a
- C consonant fortis lenis can
- L,r,m front l, r m in
- Rp half e produced differently ga front close
- I front,close undrounded ga rp
- Ga rp ɪ front-central half close unrounded lips
- Ʊ back-central vowel,half close rounded rp ga note
- U back vowel close rounded ra ga note
- Half ɜ central vowel close open undrouden spread
- Ə central vowel half close-half open unrouded rp
- Half ga ɔ back vowel open close rounded
- Æ front,half open,unrounded ga rp
- Ʌ central vowel half open-open unrounded lips rp
- Ga ɑ rp produced differently back vowel open
- Rp ɒ back vowel open rounded present translates
- E front vowel half open unrouded ga
- Syllable consists rhyme describe struture onset nucleus peak/center
- Release nasal lateral list allophonic variations context occur
- List allophonic varation voice context wich occur lenis
- R word pronunced exatly linking r" and how,where occur
- E.g intrusive r pronunced word beginning vowel <r>
- Cavity organs speech nasal orl pharyngeal
- Statement true false voicing disinctive feature english langue
- Muscular tension breath force describe intensities articulation fortis
- Voiceless voiced sounds vocal folds difference open vibrating
- P plosive bilabial fortis aspiration,release
- T plosive aleveolar fortis aspiration;release
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