Immanuel Kant believed psychology couldn't be a science due to unquantifiable mental states and observer effects. He proposed three mental categories (cognition, affection, conation) and distinguished between the observable phenomenal self and the unobservable noumenal self.
Immanuel Kant argued psychology could not be a science due to the unquantifiable nature of mental states and the observer effect. He proposed three mental categories (cognition, affection, conation) and two selves: the phenomenal (observable) and noumenal (inner soul).
| Front | Immanuel Kant |
|---|---|
| Back | Training: Studied at Konigsberg – spent whole career and life there. Accomplishments: Psych cannot be a science: no observable objects, or mathematically deduced relationships – cannot be quantified. Human rationality is too limited to deal with itself. Experiments are impossible because observing mental states alters them. Theory of mind: 3 categories – cognition, affection, and conation (motivation) Theory of selves: phenoumenal self (outer sense – sensation – study with physiology and anthropology) & noumenal self (inner sense – the soul – cannot be studied save Moral Experience) Chair of philosophy dept at U of Konigsberg. Criticisms of others: disagreed with extreme stances of British Empiricists (tabula rasa) like John Stuart Mill Criticized by others: n/a Systems: Nativist - certain intuitions are innate and they allow our experiences to take effect. (example of language being an attribute of human mind that allows us to learn to speak) |
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