Austerity and sternness refer to living simply and with deprivation, often due to difficult economic conditions.
تقشف يعني العيش ببساطة وحرمان، غالبًا بسبب الظروف الاقتصادية الصعبة.
| English | austerity / sterness |
|---|---|
| Arabic | تقشّف |
| Transliteration | taqashhuf |
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