Text | Macduff's patriotism Throughout Act 4 Scene 3, Macduff expresses what it is to be a good king, and mourns for his country’s loss. He weeps, “Bleed, bleed, poor country. / Great tyranny, lay thou thy basis sure, / For goodness dare not check thee,” showing how patriotic he is. ➔ The phrase “bleed, bleed” personifies Scotland, portraying it as a wounded body. This reinforces the idea that the way a monarch rules a country impacts the whole land to its core. The image of blood contrasts with the living, nurtured “harvest” Duncan created. ➔ Furthermore, the phrase “For goodness dare not check thee” shows how “tyranny” is allowed to thrive unchallenged because of the power that comes with it and the fear it instills in others When he hears Malcolm lie about his flaws, he cries out, “Fit to govern? / No, not to live. - O nation miserable! / With an untitled tyrant, bloody-sceptred, / When shalt thou see thy wholesome days again? (4.3)”. Macduff is dismayed by the fate of his country because of the king who rules it. He suggests the country is “miserable” because it is governed by a usurper who went against the will of God. Moreover, the rhetorical question and answer he supplies, “Fit to govern? / No, not to live,” implies being an inadequate, corrupt king is a crime worthy of death. Macduff presents greed and unchecked ambition as bad qualities in a monarch, saying, “Boundless intemperance / In nature is a tyranny; it hath been / Th’untimely emptying of the happy throne / And fall of many kings,” (4.3). Though he is discussing Malcolm’s supposed greed, this wise statement can also be applied to Macbeth, and predicts his death. ➔ Saying it is a “tyranny” acknowledges how people will go to any lengths possible to satisfy their desires if they lack restraint. ➔ “Th’untimely emptying of the happy throne” may imply that {{c26::even good kings can be corrupted by power}}, so that they lose their noble qualities and the throne is no longer “happy”. It may also express how treason and regicide (killing the king) are the results of other men’s greed, as was the case with Macbeth and Duncan. |
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