Oxford Classical Chinese Deck

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• 一  yī one
• 二 èr two
• 人 person rén other
• 刀 knife single-edged sword  dāo
• 力  strength lì
• 口 mouth kǒu
• 土 earth soil tǔ
• 大 large  dà to be
• 女 woman daughter  nǚ
• 子 son child zǐ
• 小  small  xiǎo to be
• 山 mountain hill  shān
• 工  artisan craft  gōng
• 心 heart mind  xīn
• 手  hand shǒu
• 日 sun day rì
• 月  moon month  yuè
• 木 tree wood  mù
• 水 water river  shuǐ
• 火  fire huǒ
• 牛 cow ox niú
• 犬  dog quǎn
• 玉  jade  yù
• 田 cultivated field  tián
• 目 eye mù
• 石 stone shí
• 竹  bamboo zhú
• 米 uncooked rice  mǐ
• 羊 sheep goat yáng
• 耳 ear  ěr
• 肉 meat flesh ròu
• 虎 tiger hǔ
• 衣  clothing yī
• 見 meet jiàn to see
• 言 words speech speak of  yán
• 足 foot zú
• 車 vehicle cart chariot  chē
• 金 metal gold  jīn
• 門 gate door mén
• 雨  rain yǔ
• 風 wind customs fēng
• 食 food eat  shí to
• 馬  horse  mǎ
• 鬼  ghost demon  guǐ
• 魚  fish yú
• 鳥  bird niǎo
• 龍  dragon lóng
• 天 sky heaven nature tiān
• 地 earth ground land place dì
• 名  term fame label pretext míng
• 家 family household clan jiā
• State 國 country feudal capital city country  guó
• 民 people mín the
• 父 father fù
• 母 mother mǔ
• 男 man male son nán
• 王  king  wáng
• 天下 world tiānxià the
• 天子  emperor  tiānzǐ
• 上  superior shàng above
• 下  xià below
• 我 i we  wǒ
• 之 similar modern chinese de 的)  zhī
• 君 lord ruler sovereign monarch person honorific lordship’) 
• Servant 臣 subject vassal minister humble person vassal’) 
• 求 seek qiú to look
• 從 follow accompany accord cóng
• 好 fond love hào to
• 有 possess exist yǒu to
• 無 exist no...  wú not
• 得  obtain dé to get
• 知 recognize  zhī to know
• 南 south  nán
• 之 general purpose pronoun object person it’  zhī
• 其 equivalent pronoun connecting particle 之)  qí
• 不 negative verbal sentences bù
• 弗 common negative verbal sentences classical period contraction
• 乎 interrogative forms question similar modern chinese ma
• 秦 feudal state subsequently qin ch’in dynasty bc) 
• 楚 feudal state south centred middle yangtse river
• 堯 mythical sage king admired confucians 尧)  yáo
• 狗 dog gǒu
• 兄 elder brother xiōng
• 道 road principles tao  dào
• 君子 gentleman morally superior person jūnzǐ
• 他 other  tā other something
• 殺 kill attempt shā to
• 救 save rescue jiù to
• 視 shì to look at
• 聽 listen heed accept advice etc.)  tīng
• 聞 hear about  wén to
• 用 use  yòng to
• 必 adverb nominal sentence particle inevitably necessarily must 
• 古 ancient times antiquity stative verb ancient  gǔ
• 今  jīn now
• 也 final particle nominal sentences  yě
• 非 negative nominal sentences)  fēi
• 皆 jiē all
• 莫 case  mò no none
• 相 mutually replaces object)  xiāng
• 自 oneself replaces object oneself  zì
• 周 zhou chou dynasty c bc)  zhōu
• 弟 younger brother dì
• 師  teacher army’  shī an
• 身 body one’s person individual shēn
• 時  time proper season’  shí
• 里  hamlet village unit distance approx km.  lǐ
• 入  enter’  rù to
• 出  exit put send out’  chū
• 來  lái to come
• 往  proceed takes object)  wǎng
• 之  takes destination object)  zhī
• 去  leave depart removed remove rid reject coverb
• Adverb 至  arrive reach place time perfectly adjunct
• 死  die object for’  sǐ
• 笑 smile laugh xiào to
• 問  something)’  wèn to ask
• 學  learn study xué to
• Good 善  virtuous preceding verb treat kindness’  shàn
• 仁  kind humane’  rén be
• 走  run flee zǒu to
• 治 orderly well-ordered put good order govern manage
• 多  increase number lot of’  duō
• Clear 白 white plain make report’  bái
• 自 since’  zì from
• 是  shì this
• 何 hé what why
• 誰  who  shéi shuí) 
• 孔子 confucius kǒngzǐ
• 宋 feudal state dynasties ad sòng
• 魯 feudal state confucius’s native state)  lǔ
• 前  front former’  qián
• 後 back rear later’  hòu
• 左 left zuǒ
• 右 yòu right
• 內  interior inside within’  nèi
• 外  outside’  wài
• 海  sea ocean’  hǎi
• 欲  desire yù to want
• 能  néng be to able
• 敢  dare gǎn to do
• 生  live alive born give birth engender produce
• 已 end stop finish leave quit adverb already’ 
• 然  true agree approve of’  rán
• 行  walk move propel put practice noun actions
• Advance 進  forward promote present jìn
• 恐  fear afraid kǒng to
• 止  stop halt’  zhǐ to
• 甚  extreme excessive adverb great degree’  shèn
• 少  make shǎo be few
• 美 beautiful fine praise měi
• 同 common share’  tóng be
• 老  old’  lǎo be
• 吾  i object)  wú my
• 子 polite sir’)  zǐ you
• 而 connects verbs clauses sentences)  ér
• 漢 river han dynasty bc–ad hàn
• 於 variants 于 yú 乎 hū lit exist
• 於是 sentence conjunction phrase thereupon’  yúshì
• 焉 fusion particle equivalent 於 之 yān
• 矣 final particle indicating changed situation perfection finalization
• 未  not’  wèi not yet
• 又 addition’  yòu again in
• 者  replaces subject)  zhě one
• Gentry 士  gentleman warrior male member class lowest
• 孫  grandson sūn
• 東 east dōng
• 西 west xī
• 北  north běi
• 中  middle central interior within’  zhōng
• 使  send suppose that...)’  shǐ
• 怒  angry nù to be
• 飲  drink yǐn to
• 亡  vanish perish exile lose’  wáng
• 為  make amount act constitute wéi
• Rule 王  king territory pre-han times universal sole
• 對 reply’  duì to
• 喜  happy delighted joyous xǐ
• 曰  called marks direct speech)  yuē
• 惡 bad repulsive ugly noun evil badness repulsiveness’ 
• 惡 verb hate loathe’  wù
• 安 safe secure peaceful’  ān
• Accurate 正 correct proper make rectify’  zhèng
• 明  bright luminous clear intelligent enlightened proper noun
• 長  long’  cháng be
• 長  senior chief verb grow older’  wàng
• 少  young’  shào be
• 此 here’  cǐ this one
• 彼  one’  bǐ that
• 唐 tang dynasty ad táng
• 齊 feudal state area modern shandong province northeast 
• 孟子 mencius  mèngzǐ
• 則  principle pattern rule model movable adverb zé 
• 故  background circumstances reason adjunct movable adverb therefore’ 
• 妻  wife’  qī 
• 婦  married woman wife matron fù 
• 夫  man husband fū 
• 友  friend yǒu 
• 本  root basis foundation’  běn 
• 事  thing affair undertaking duties verb serve person
• 病  illness defect verb ill ill’  bìng 
• 主  master host verb control govern preside 人
• 客  guest retainer client stranger kè 
• 患  trouble affliction disaster verb suffer worry about’ 
• 鼻  nose’  bí 
• 請  request leave something)’  qǐng 
• 如  similar movable adverb  不+x good to’  rú 
• 可  acceptable modal verb ed makes passive)  kě 
• 因  rely movable adverb yīn 
• 過  pass cross surpass stop visit fault commit
• 爭  struggle contend vie for’  zhēng 
• 為  act behalf coverb sake of’  wèi 
• 反  turn reverse opposite rebel return’  fǎn 
• 敬  respect revere jìng  to
• 立  stand established establish lì 
• 成  complete accomplish succeed completed successful’  chéng 
• 醉  drunk’  zuì  to be
• 以  means motive reason order of’  yǐ 
• 與  and’  yǔ  together with
• 所  place replaces object noun place’  suǒ 
• 亦  part surely greatly’  yì 
• 將  to'  jiāng  be going
• 先  prior time word previous former’  xiān 
• 難  difficult noun read nàn trouble disaster nán 
• 易  easy yì  be
• 宜  suitable fitting auxiliary verb to’  yí 
• 亂  disorderly state rebellion’  luàn 
• 己  oneself’  jǐ 
• 萬  ten thousand’  wàn 
• 舜  sage king yao’s successor)  shùn 
• 哉  zāi 
• 與  interrogative final particle nominal sentences variants yú
• 雖  suī  although even
• 非  introduces subordinate clause only...’  fēi 
• 且  ordinary adverb qiě  furthermore
• 毋  refrain negative command)  wú 
• 勿  fusion 毋 之  wù 
• 豈  nominal sentence particle analogous 犹 qǐ 
• 乃  nominal sentence particle turns be...’  nǎi 
• 汝  familiar)  rǔ  you
• 情  true situation actual circumstances feelings affection qíng 
• 鄰  neighbour neighbouring’  lín 
• 理  reason principle pattern lǐ 
• 形  shape form body configuration verb manifest’  xíng 
• 色  colour facial expression female beauty’  sè 
• 意 intention meaning significance yì
• 德 virtue power charisma dé
• 冬 winter dōng
• 牆  wall qiáng 
• 太子 世子)  crown prince heir apparent ruler’s throne
• 藥  medicine drug yào 
• 罪  guilt crime’  zuì 
• 取  seize choose select accept desirable qǔ 
• 愛  love loving care show concern for’  ài 
• 望  distance hope wàng  to
• 解  dissect analyze clothing untie loosen jiě 
• 始 start begin noun beginning adverb time shǐ 
• 在  lie present depend zài 
• 說  narrate story expound explain n.b means classical
• 告  report gào  to tell
• 易  change exchange noun book changes’  yì 
• 雨  rain yù  to
• 衣  wear yì  to
• 釋  release set free untie shì 
• 是  approve noun shì  be
• Wrong 非  reject criticise noun wrong’  fēi 
• 黑  black hēi  be
• 怪  strange monstrous strange’  guài 
• 夫  frequently particle beginning sentence mark train thought. 
• 荊  chǔ 楚  jīng  another
• 方  square region quarter method technique prescription adverb
• Duty justice 義  propriety stative verb accordance propriety’ 
• 盜  thief robber verb steal dào 
• 光  light radiance guāng 
• 弓  bow gōng 
• 令  command ordinance verb 使)  lìng 
• 暮  sundown mù 
• 財  wealth’  cái 
• 物  thing physical object creature’  wù 
• Feudal rank 公  impartiality open public common sire
• 鄉  native place local area’  xiāng 
• 夜  night yè 
• 頭  head tóu 
• 果  fruit result verb bear fruition realized adverb
• Verb 嘗  taste preceding phrase experience something)’  cháng 
• 謂  refer to...as someone)’  wèi 
• 及  reach extend time coverb with’  jí 
• 疑  suspect doubt suspicious yí 
• 肯  kěn  be willing to
• 若  movable adverb pronoun 不若 不如 ruò 
• 遺  lose leave abandon bequeath adjunct wrong missed
• 云  indirect quote it’  yún 
• 察  examine closely scrutinize investigate chá 
• 棄  discard cast aside’  qì 
• 顧  turn head pay heed to’  gù 
• 斷  cut break decide decisive’  duàn 
• 思  ponder longingly miss sī 
• 教  teach noun read jiào teachings’  jiāo 
• 憂  sad sorrowful yōu  be
• 賢  wise capable’  xián  be
• 富  wealthy fù  be
• 智  intelligent wise perspicacious noun intelligence’  zhì 
• 愚  stupid ignorant foolish’  yú 
• 高  high tall’  gāo  be
• 急  quick hurried urgent anxious distress’  jí 
• 貴 valued noble exalted precious guì 
• True 信  trustworthy believe’  xìn 
• 奚  何)  xī  what how
• 安  how’  ān  where
• 如之何  it?’  rú zhī hé
• 仲尼  confucius  zhòng ní  another
• 毛  fur feathers máo 
• 朋  friend péng 
• 計  plan strategy verb calculate reckon make plans’ 
• 樂  music’  yuè 
• 處  place’  chù 
• 處  verb dwell situated chǔ 
• 室  house chamber’  shì 
• 官  official position’  guān 
• 聲  sound voice shēng 
• 花  flower’  huā 
• 百姓  common people bǎixìng
• 私  private partial selfish illicit adverb covertly privately’ 
• 春  spring’  chūn 
• 習  repeat practise accustomed familiar with’  xí 
• 順  accord obey’  shùn  to
• 滅  extinguish destroy exterminate’  miè 
• 書  write noun writings document letter book 尚x
• 足  sufficient auxiliary verb ed worth makes passive
• 失  lose control miss fail’  shī 
• 盡  exhausted exhaust fullest adverb exhaustively all’  jìn 
• 辭  decline refuse excuse oneself leave noun words
• 益  increase adverb increasingly noun benefit advantage yì 
• 諫  remonstrate jiàn  to
• 通  connected unobstructed conversant illicit relations with’  tōng 
• 落  fall drop’  luò  to
• 固  firm solid adverb inherently though’  gù 
• 悅  pleased happy yuè  be
• 常  constant regular normal adverb regularly n.b means
• 樂  happy delighted joyous happiness’  lè 
• 寡  lonely widowed guǎ  be
• 衆  numerous noun crowd masses armies host zhòng 
• 危  danger wēi  be in
• 獨  solitary childless adverb only’  dú 
• 疾  ill state suffering hate jealous rapid jí 
• 苦  bitter difficult hard kǔ 
• 異  unusual’  yì  be different
• 直  straight direct straightforward zhí 
• 遠  distant read yuàn distance yuǎn 
• 近  jìn  be near
• 重  heavy zhòng 
• 輕  light insignificant qīng  be
• 或 perhaps’  huò  some someone
• 各 gè  each
• 孰 who’  shú  which
• Modern 卽  immediately similar 就 jiù nominal sentences
• 諾  right’  nuò  all
• 奈......何  about...’  nài...hé  what can
• 為 奈何  wéi nàihé  what
• 禹   mythical sage king shun’s successor founder xià
• 神  spirit god mind living people stative verb
• 孝  filial piety devotion stative verb xiào 
• Older 悌  fraternal loyalty devotion brother stative verb
• 志  intention ambition’  zhì will
• 夫子  polite form address master sir fūzǐ 
• 數  number indefinite similar cases non-interrogative jǐ 幾(几
• 數  verb count’  shǔ  as
• 城  city wall chéng 
• 業  undertaking profession heritage patrimony yè 
• 兵  weapon arms soldiers’  bīng 
• Wisdom 聖  person miraculous perception sage saint stative
• 禮  rites ritual etiquette protocol lǐ 
• 星  star xīng 
• 氏  family clan shì  name
• 樓  building upper storey storeys’  lóu 
• 大夫  great officer grandee’  dàfū 
• 諸侯  feudal lords’  zhūhóu 
• 侯  feudal rank translated marquis’  hóu 
• 江  yangtze river’  jiāng 
• 諸  zhū  all the various
• 務  devote oneself work hard noun task business’ 
• 獲  obtain capture’  huò  to
• 觀  observe’  guān  to
• 改  alter adapt change gǎi
• 作  arise begin active start instigate create compose’ 
• 犯  offend encroach violate commit crime)’  fàn
• 嫁  marry woman daughter jià
• 居  sit occupy place position dwell jū
• 識  recognize acquainted understand’  shí 
• End 終  finish adjunct beginning adverb finally zhōng 
• 渴  thirsty kě to be
• 伐  attack enemy state chop wood fá
• 怨  resent hate yuàn  to
• 害  harm kill murder hài
• 謝  apologize decline thank’  xiè
• 射  shoot bow arrow shè
• 擊  strike beat attack’  jī
• 養  nurture support raise’  yǎng 
• 興  rise raise initiate set motion flourish xīng
• 遂  successfully completed succeed adverb then’  suí 
• 致  arrive bring summon attract turn present to’ 
• 傳  pass transmit’  chuán  to
• 願  desire polite requests)  yuàn 
• 傷  injured damage injure’  shāng 
• 舉  lift adjunct entire x國 state’)  jǔ 
• 當  face match coincide time auxiliary verb will’ 
• 並  side adverb all’  bìng 
• 宿  stay overnight sù 
• 語  talk speak noun words conversation story’  yǔ 
• 語  tell’  yù  to
• 驚  startled alarmed frightened’  jīng 
• 幸  fortunate favoured xìng  be
• 深  deep profound shēn  be
• 尊  exalted exalt honour zūn 
• 厚  thick substantial lavish generous’  hòu 
• 晉  feudal state dynasty ad jìn 
• 帝  god emperor’  dì 
• 皇帝  emperor’  huángdì 
• 賞  reward verb shǎng  as
• 刑  mutilation punishments penal law’  xíng 
• 權  power authority prerogative quán 
• 勢  power deriving circumstances situation shì 
• 寶  treasure verb bǎo  as
• 利  advantage benefit profit profitable advantageous’  lì 
• 朝  early morning zhāo 
• 朝  court verb hold attend court’  cháo 
• 忠  loyalty sovereign stative verb loyal zhōng 
• Rule 霸  hegemon overlord chief feudal lords force’ 
• 乘  chariot team horses measure word horses’  shèng 
• 乘  verb ride chariot carriage avail oneself advantage
• 府  treasury archive official building’  fǔ 
• 夕  evening night’  xī 
• 變  change mutate noun anomaly strange phenomenon biàn 
• 罰  fine punish’  fá  to
• 受  receive accept shòu  to
• 畏  awe fear wèi  to
• 交  cross contact associate adverb mutually another’  jiāo 
• 服  submit obey subjugate noun clothing fú 
• 收  harvest gather assemble control n.b receive shōu 
• 戰  battle fight zhàn  to
• 敗  defeated ruined fail defeat else)’  bài 
• 退  withdraw retreat tuì  to
• 絕  cut separate adjunct adverb finest utmost superior’ 
• 罷  cease quit stop activity event bà 
• 復  repeat restore return report adverb again’  fù 
• 召  summon zhào  to
• Return 還  back turn something)’  huán 
• 適  suitable matching adverb coincidence happened exactly’  shì 
• 假  borrow avail oneself lend’  jià 
• 藏  store storage conceal’  cáng 
• 許  agree xǔ  to allow
• 克  overcome win victory auxiliary verb successfully...’  kè 
• 報  reciprocate requite report bào 
• 遊 游)  wander dally associate means swim’)  yóu 
• 歸 return home send back give allegiance to’ 
• 動  move dòng  to
• 流  flow’  liú  to
• 誠  true genuine noun integrity adverb really)’  chéng 
• 甘  sweet savoury gān  be
• 平  level flat tranquil peace pacify fair’  píng 
• 滿  full’  mǎn  be
• 間  among’  jiān  between
• 昔  times times’  xī  former
• 既 since’  jì already having
• 惟/唯 only’  wéi  only is

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