Question

cataract noun Cataract dates to the 14th century and comes from the Latin word cataracta, meaning "portcullis." The Latin pertains to the ocular cataract, probably because it obstructs one's vision much like the portcullis's heavy iron grating obstructs passage into a fortress or castle. Cataracta has another meaning, however—"waterfall"—and that meaning gave English the water-related meanings that came in later centuries. The connection between the two Latin meanings can be seen in katarassein, the Greek source of cataracta. It means "to dash down," an action we see in both the slamming portcullis and the cascading waterfall. 1 : a clouding of the lens of the eye or of its surrounding transparent membrane that obstructs the passage of light2 a : waterfall; especially : a large one over a precipiceb : steep rapids in a riverc : downpour, flood

Accepted Answer

July 10, 2021 KAT-uh-rakt "At the cataracts of the great rivers Orinoco, Nile, and Congo, the syenitic rocks are coated by a black substance, appearing as if they had been polished with plumbago…. In the Orinoco it occurs on the rocks periodically washed by the floods, and in those parts alone where the stream is rapid…. — Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle, 1839"When cataracts form in your eye, proteins break down and form in clumps in the lens of the eye, creating cloudiness that can make vision blurred or obstructed." — Rachael Zimlich, Healthline, 1 Apr. 2021

Word	cataract
Date	July 10, 2021
Type	noun
Syllables	KAT-uh-rakt
Etymology	Cataract dates to the 14th century and comes from the Latin word cataracta, meaning "portcullis." The Latin pertains to the ocular cataract, probably because it obstructs one's vision much like the portcullis's heavy iron grating obstructs passage into a fortress or castle. Cataracta has another meaning, however—"waterfall"—and that meaning gave English the water-related meanings that came in later centuries. The connection between the two Latin meanings can be seen in katarassein, the Greek source of cataracta. It means "to dash down," an action we see in both the slamming portcullis and the cascading waterfall.
Examples	"At the cataracts of the great rivers Orinoco, Nile, and Congo, the syenitic rocks are coated by a black substance, appearing as if they had been polished with plumbago…. In the Orinoco it occurs on the rocks periodically washed by the floods, and in those parts alone where the stream is rapid…. — Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle, 1839 "When cataracts form in your eye, proteins break down and form in clumps in the lens of the eye, creating cloudiness that can make vision blurred or obstructed." — Rachael Zimlich, Healthline, 1 Apr. 2021
Definition	1 : a clouding of the lens of the eye or of its surrounding transparent membrane that obstructs the passage of light 2 a : waterfall; especially : a large one over a precipice b : steep rapids in a river c : downpour, flood

Latin Obstructs Cataract Meaning Vision Passage Rocks Eye