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Yeast Kingsley's Problem Social Title Published Bad Victorian

Charles Kingsley's "Yeast: A Problem" (1848) was his first novel, written out of his Christian Socialist beliefs. It critiques Roman Catholicism, the Oxford Movement, and social injustices, particularly the poverty of agricultural laborers, with the title symbolizing new ideas. The novel is noted for its vivid depictions of poverty but criticized for its episodic plot.

Charles Kingsley's "Yeast: A Problem" (1848) was his first novel, written out of his Christian Socialist beliefs. It critiques Roman Catholicism, the Oxford Movement, and social injustices, particularly the poverty of agricultural laborers, with the title symbolizing new ideas. The novel is noted for its vivid depictions of poverty but criticized for its episodic plot.

Front Yeast; a problem
Back Yeast: A Problem (1848) was the first novel by the Victorian social and religious controversialist Charles Kingsley.


Title page of the 1851 book edition published by Harper and Brothers, New York
Themes and sources
Motivated by his strong convictions as a Christian Socialist Kingsley wrote Yeast as an attack on Roman Catholicism and the Oxford Movement, on celibacy, the game laws, bad landlords and bad sanitation, and on the whole social system insofar as it kept England’s agricultural labourer class in poverty. The title was intended to suggest the "ferment of new ideas".Yeast was influenced by the works of the philosopher Thomas Carlyle, and by Henry Brooke's novel The Fool of Quality.

Publication
Yeast was first published in instalments in Fraser's Magazine, starting in July 1848, but as the radicalism of Kingsley's ideas became apparent the magazine's publisher took fright and induced the author to bring his novel to a premature close. In 1851 it appeared in volume form.

Criticism
It is sometimes said that Yeast suffers from its over-reliance on long conversations between its hero, Lancelot Smith, and the subsidiary characters of the novel, and from Kingsley's failure to integrate these discussions into anything resembling a coherent plot. On the other hand many have admired the vividness of Kingsley's depiction of the degradation and grinding poverty of the lower classes in the English shires.

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