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A-Level Biology OCR A

Advantageous Characteristic Describe Geographical Isolation Lead Evolution Species

Geographical isolation prevents gene flow, allowing advantageous mutations to spread and eventually leading to new species that cannot interbreed.

L'isolement géographique empêche le flux génique entre les groupes, permettant aux mutations avantageuses de se propager et conduisant éventuellement à la formation de nouvelles espèces incapables de se reproduire entre elles.

Front Describe how geographical isolation can lead to evolution of a new species.
Back Sympatric speciation:
  • If geographically separated, no interbreeding between the groups - no gene flow
  • Random mutation occurs in one group which proves advantageous so individuals with advantageous characteristic have greater chance of survival - higher probability of that characteristic being passed on compared to others
  • Accumulation of mutations and changes in allele frequencies over many generations eventualy leads to large changes in phenotype until two populations can no longer interbreed to form fertile offspring - new species established

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