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A-Level Biology OCR A

B Cell Humoral Complementary Receptor Binds Antigens Apc

The summary describes humoral immunity, involving B cell binding to antigens, antigen presentation to T helper cells (clonal selection), stimulation by interleukins (clonal expansion), differentiation into antibody-producing plasma cells and memory B cells.

O resumo descreve a imunidade humoral, envolvendo a ligação de células B a antígenos, apresentação de antígenos a células T auxiliares (seleção clonal), estimulação por interleucinas (expansão clonal), diferenciação em células plasmáticas produtoras de anticorpos e células B de memória.

Front Describe the process of humoral immunity.
Back Humoral immunity:
  • B cell with complementary surface receptor to pathogen binds to it and engulfs
  • Antigens are processed, B cell becomes APC
  • T helper cell with complementary receptor to presented antigen binds to the APC - clonal selection
  • T helper cells induced to secrete interleukins 
  • Interleukins stimulate B cell to divide by mitosis, produce many clones of that B cell variant - clonal expansion
  • The B cell then differentiates into:
    • Plasma cells - secrete antibodies that fit the antigens on pathogens
    • B memory cells - retain immunological memory of that pathogen, stored in lymphatic tissue
  • Secretion of many specific antibodies by plasma cells that circulate in blood and act as: opsonins, agglutinins, anti-toxins act against pathogens - defence

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