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A-Level Biology OCR A

Insulin Type Beta Cells Problem Produce Inability Control

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where beta cells don't produce insulin, necessitating injections. Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance or insufficient production, managed by lifestyle changes and medication.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition causing beta cells to not produce insulin, requiring insulin injections. Type 2 diabetes is often linked to lifestyle factors and involves either insufficient insulin production or cellular resistance, managed through diet, exercise, and medication.

Front Compare type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Back

Type 1Type 2
Potential causeAutoimmune response on beta cellsBeing overweight, physical inactivity, habitual excessive overeating of carbohydrates
Problem at cellular levelBeta cells do not produce insulinBeta cells do not produce enough insulin OR
Glycoprotein insulin receptor on cell membranes does not work properly
Problem wrt insulinNo insulinInsulin too low/cells lose their responsiveness to it
Overall problemInability to control blood glucose levelsInability to control blood glucose levels
TreatmentsRegular insulin injections (insulin-dependence)Regulating carbohydrate intake & matching to exercise levels, weight loss encouragement, drugs to stimulate insulin, injections 

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