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A-Level Biology OCR A

T Cell Helper Pathogen Process Mediated Antigens Form

The summary describes cell-mediated immunity, where macrophages as APCs interact with T helper cells, which differentiate into killer, helper, memory, and regulator T cells to combat pathogens.

O resumo descreve a imunidade mediada por células, onde macrófagos como APCs interagem com células T auxiliares, que se diferenciam em células T citotóxicas, auxiliares, de memória e reguladoras para combater patógenos.

Front Describe the process of cell mediated immunity.
Back Cell mediated immunity:
  • In non-specific defence macrophages phagocytosed pathogens, process their antigens and form antigen-presenting cells
  • T helper cell with complementary surface receptors to non-self antigens binds to APC
  • T helper cell is stimulated to divide by mitosis to form many clones that differentiate into:
    • T killer cells - destroy pathogen using perforins and toxins that trigger apoptosis
    • T helper cells - secrete interleukins to stimulate phagocytosis and B cell division
    • T memory cells - immunological memory of pathogen
    • T regulator cells - suppress immune respomnse when pathogen removed

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