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A-Level Biology OCR A

Trna Mrna Amino Binds Codon Ribosome Start Bound

This note describes translation in bullet points, detailing how mRNA binds to the ribosome, tRNA with complementary anticodons deliver amino acids, peptide bonds form, and the ribosome moves along the mRNA until a complete polypeptide chain is assembled.

Translation steps: mRNA binds to ribosome, tRNA with anticodon binds, peptide bond forms, ribosome moves along mRNA.

Front Describe the process of translation in a series of bullet points.
Back Translation:
  • mRNA binds to small subunit of ribosome at its start codon 
  • A tRNA with the complementary anticodon binds to the mRNA start codon (tRNA carries the corresponding amino acid)
  • Next tRNA with anticodon, carrying the corresponding amino acid, binds to the next codon on mRNA
  • Maximum of two tRNA can be bound at same time
  • First amino acid is bound to the second tRNA amino acid by the formation of a peptide bond - catalysed by peptidyl transferase
  • Ribosome moves along mRNA releasing the first tRNA, the second tRNA becomes the first until the stop codon is reached, leaving fully assembled polypeptide chain

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