A-Level Biology OCR A
Water Cells Animals Made Plant Cytoplasm Substances In/Out
Water is vital for all life, acting as cytoplasm, solvent, providing turgor, forming bodily fluids, acting as a lubricant, enabling transport, and aiding reproduction.
Water is essential for life across all organisms, serving as cytoplasm, a solvent, supporting turgor in plants, forming sweat and hydrostatic skeletons in animals, lubricating joints, enabling transport in blood and vascular tissues, and facilitating sperm motility.
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List 10 examples of how water is used from across the whole diversity of life. |
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Prokaryotes and eukaryotes:- Cytoplasm is made up primarily from water - where most metabolic reactions happen
- Water being a solvent allows for molecules/ions to flow freely in the cytoplasm allowing for movement of substances in/out of cells
- Supports plant cells thanks to turgor - water pressure inside of plant cells
Plants, animals and fungi: - In animals with sweat glands - secrete sweat (made up of water
- Hydrostatic skeleton - octopuses, snails which is made up of water-filled tubes which can expand and contract but pushing water in/out
- Synovial fluid - in joints mostly made up of water, acts as lubricant in the joint
- Circulatory system - blood is mostly water which allows animals to transport substances inside the organism
- Xylem and phloem - thanks to capillary action, nutrients can be transported against the force of Gravity up to the top of the plant
- Seminal fluid in animals - acts as a medium for the sperm cells to swim to the egg
Unicellular and multicellular organisms: - Water is used by all organisms for hydrolysis and condensation of polymers
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A-Level Biology OCR A