Sympathetic activity (epinephrine or norepinephrine) speeds up heart rate by opening more calcium channels in the nodes, causing faster Ca2+ influx and reaching threshold more quickly, leading to more frequent action potentials.
1. Sympathetic activity (Epi or norepi) through cardiac nerve <b>opens more Ca+ channels</b> in the nodes 2. <b>Ca influx brings pacemaker cell to threshold faster</b> 3. Leads to more frequent AP which increases HR <img src="paste-8ea5c67295675ed4678670807b6b19ee27a546c8.jpg">
| Front | What type of ion channel is used by the sympathetic branch to speed up HR? |
|---|---|
| Back | 1. Sympathetic activity (Epi or norepi) through cardiac nerve opens more Ca+ channels in the nodes 2. Ca influx brings pacemaker cell to threshold faster 3. Leads to more frequent AP which increases HR |
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