AP World History Original Ultimate Set from Quizlet

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• Date french revolution begins 1789
• Date haitian independence hint 1804
• Date congress vienna hint 1815
• Umma term muslims community the
• Zoroaster founder persia's classical pre-islamic religion
• Hellenistic influenced greek empire type culture typically referred
• Trireme greek ships built specifically ramming enemy
• Code hammurabi collection laws examples written ancient world
• Hittites ancient anatolian group empire largest extent consisted
• Zoroastrianism monotheistic religions wide central political religious culture
• Mesopotamia region tigris euphrates rivers developed urban societies
• Years fertile crescent tigris euphrates rivers gave life
• Ziggurat temple tower ancient mesopotamia constructed square rectangular
• Pictograms pictorial symbol sign representing object concept
• Cuneiform earliest form writing sumerians derives wedge shaped
• Ideograms character figure writing system idea thing represented
• Sumer world's civilization founded mesopotamia existed years
• Chinese xia legendary dynasty believed exist recently walled
• Chinese shang early dynasty unified state rulers relatives
• Shang zhou succeeded dynasty similar xia dynastic periods
• River yellow huang-he longest china majority ancient chinese
• Oracle bones earliest chinese writing found ritual activity
• City teotihuacan large central mesoamerican region located miles
• Jenne-jeno urbanized centers western africa walled community home
• Great zimbabwe stone-walled enclosure found southeast africa trade
• Minoans early proto-greek peoples bce inhabitants island crete
• Acropolis greek high city chief temples located
• Plato socrates pupil founded academy athens
• C.e pax romana roman peace state comparative concord
• Republic state ruled hereditary leader monarchy person appointed
• Roman century smallest unit army composed foot soldiers
• Consul roman republic magistrates holding supreme civil military
• Patricians land-owning noblemen ancient rome
• Plebeians non-land-owning free men ancient rome
• Paterfamilias head family household roman law male member
• Twelve tables completed bce civil laws developed roman
• Results triumvirate unofficial coalition julius caesar pompey crassus
• Christ divine monophysites supporters doctrine early christian church
• Julius caesar part triumvirate eventually emperor life chose
• Octavian part triumvirate power eventually shifted assumed augustus
• Deal roman attempted empire imperial diocletian emperor c.e
• Bread circuses roman bribery method coping class difference
• Goths array germanic peoples pushed westward nomads central
• Legalism school chinese philosophy prominent warring states period
• Assimilation process people gradually absorbed integrated culture
• Huns large nomadic group northern asia invaded territories
• Imperial dynasty tang continuing revival started sui restored
• Revolt han yellow turban c.e peasant emperor ling
• Liu bang emperor han dynasty social political hierarchy
• Aryans immigrants arrived ganges river valley year bc
• Vedas compilations hymns religious reflections aryan conquests
• Mahabharata longest single poem world war fought branches
• Kingdoms india janapadas political units years bc major
• Guilds pre-industiral associations businessmen producers work collective interest
• Dharma fulfillment one's social religious duties hinduism
• Arthashastra famous ancient indian book statecraft economic policy
• Siddhartha gautama prince founded buddhism
• Rigveda worlds oldest religious texts book composed vedic
• Caste system india's traditional social hierarchy
• Samsara cycle life rebirth hinduism
• Nirvana indian religious peace mind ending cycle rebirth
• Suffering nirvana noble truths present life desire freedom
• Mahayana mystical larger main buddhist sects originated india
• Soul jainism ancient religion india small today million
• Silk road connected china india middle east traded
• Empress wu woman rule china expanded empire supported
• Mantra repetition mystic incantations hinduism buddhism
• Mentuhotep i egyptian pharaoh founded middle kingdom reuniting
• Bce olmec mesoamerican civilization lower mexico focused remembered
• Maya empire extensive culturally advanced mesoamerican society cities
• Nazca south american civilization famous massive aerial-viewable formations
• Neo-assyrian agressive mesopotamian empire created assyrian resurgence initiated
• Greek center mycenae sea-faring kingdom major civilization 1000s
• Empire persian mesopotamian conquered existing median lydian babylonian
• Polis form government power centralized local city-state
• Solon early greek leader brought democratic reforms formation
• Pericles ruler athens zealously sought spread athenian democracy
• Peloponnesian war conflict athens sparta
• Macedonia area greek slavic regions conquered greece mesopotamia
• Philip ii macedonian king sought unite greece banner
• Roman ptolemy ideas science influenced muslim european scholars
• Qin 1st unified imperial chinese dynasty
• Shinto kami japanese worship nature spirits
• Rama incarnation hindu god vishnu made famous ramayana
• Buddha means enlightened renounced worldly possessions taught overcome
• Apostle paul man instrumental spreading christianity early jewish
• Epic gilgamesh poem mesopotamia earliest works literary writing
• Hieroglyphics designating pertaining pictographic script ancient egyptians symbols
• Hegemony leadership predominant influence exercised nation confederation
• Hoplite citizen-soldier ancient greek city-states primarily armed spear-men
• Iconoclasm opposing destroying images set religious veneration belief
• Diaspora group migration flight country region dispersion relation
• Realpolitik political realism practical politics policy based power
• Stoicism ancient greek philosophy popular notable romans emphasis
• Persian empire satrapy province and/or title client kings
• Suffering buddhism religion originated india buddha gautama spreading
• Mandate heaven political theory developed zhou dynasty ancient
• Sanskrit indo-european indic language c1200 b.c religious classical
• Diffusion spread ideas objects traits culture
• Imperialism extension political rule people sargon akkad sumerian
• Cyrus created persian empire defeating medes lydians babylonians
• Empire organized darius king persian achaemenid ruled peak
• Alexander great king macedonia conquered greece egypt persia
• Capital constantinople city founded roman empire byzantine
• Confucianism chinese ethical philosophical teachings confucius emphasized education
• Daoism philosophy teaches left natural order rejects confucian
• Empire babylonian mesopotamia formed hammurabi sixth ruler invading
• Athens delian league alliance allied cities attempted invasion
• Carthage city existed years developing phoenician colony 1st
• Roman constantine emperor adopted christianity empire founded constantinople
• Empire byzantine eastern half roman survived fall western
• Talmud collection jewish rabbinic discussion pertaining law ethics
• Period warring states bc unification china qin dynasty
• Theodosius emperor roman empire made christianity official religion
• Urbanization movement people urban areas search work
• Life wheel important symbol buddhism represents endless cycle
• Tao-te ching central text daoism
• Zhou dynasty longest lasting chinese iron introduced
• Teotihuacan significant pre-columbian mesoamerican city
• Tanakh term books bible make hebrew canon
• Ulama theologians legal experts islam arbiters sharia law
• Ummah collective community islamic peoples thought transcend ethnic
• Yurt portable dwelling nomadic people centa asia mongols
• Akbar greatest mughald emperors half 1500s descendant timur
• Safavid empire ruled persia iran
• Jizya poll tax non-muslims pay living muslim empire
• Syncretism unification blending opposing people ideas practices frequently
• Sikh member religious community founded punjab region india
• Isfahan persian capital 16th 18th centuries safavid empire
• Constantinople large wealthy city imperial capital byzantine empire
• Mestizo racial concept develops latin america intermixing occurred
• Divine kings doctrine states ruling god people's consent
• Parliament made glorious revolution english civil war event
• English king charles i monarch beheaded puritans civil
• Tennis court oath pledge signed members estate france
• Social class power bourgeoisie derives economic employment education
• Kepler german astronomer mathematician late 16th early 17th
• John locke 17th century english philosopher opposed divine
• Shakespeare popular english playwright poet 16th century
• Deism popular enlightenment era belief god involved people's
• 1810s date decade independence mainland latin america began
• Theses nailed church door wittenberg germany widely catalyst
• Indulgence catholic church remission punishment sins forgiven god
• Bartholomew dias portuguese navigator discovered cape good hope
• Cortes spanish conqueror mexico the
• System spanish native americans exploitation enconmienda labor set
• Mita colonists allowed indians forced labor colonial south
• Hacienda spanish estates americas plantations represent gradual removal
• Trade mercantilism economic policy common absolute monarchies government
• Laissez faire belief government intervene economy people property
• Private corporate capitalism economic system ownership property competitive
• People nation-state modern concept government controls area represents
• Leonardo da vinci italian renaissance artist architect musician
• Huguenot french protestant a
• Shogun feudal japan noble similar duke military commanders
• Samurai member warrior class premodern feudal japan
• Aborigine general named describe original inhabitants australia
• Janissary slave soldier ottoman army
• Muslims dar al-islam term refer countries practice religion
• Sufi member mystical sect islam famous dance poetry
• Martin luther german monk widely regarded leader protestnat
• Enlightenment popular philosophical movement 1700s focused human reasoning
• Jamestown permanent english settlement north america found east
• War hundred years france britain lasted time peace
• Colombian exchange trading animals diseases crops eastern western
• Triangle golden trade britain africa ships valued goods
• Countries colonization expansion establish settlements control people
• Scientific revolution period 16th 17th centuries thinkers rejected
• Copernicus devised model universe sun center earth
• Ming chinese dynasty economy flourished government explored indian
• Gunpowder invented china 9th century substance dominate military
• Christopher columbus mistakenly discovered americas searching faster route
• Empiricism theory knowledge originates experience emphasizes experimentation observation
• Philosophes writers enlightenment popularized ideas time
• Concordat peace agreement made napoleon pope chaos french
• Marie curie notable female polish/french chemist physicist turn
• Albert einstein german physicist father modern quantum physics
• Sigmund freud austrian neurologist work unconscious mind father
• Empress cixi ultraconservative qing manchu dynasty china ruled
• Guomindang political party ruled china enemy communists abbreviated
• Creole descendants europeans latin america implies upper class
• Porfirio diaz dictator mexico overthrown mexican revolution
• Revolution pancho villa military leader dominated northern mexico
• Zapata revolutionary leader mexico mexican revolution originated lower
• Ottoman young turks coalition starting late 1870s groups
• Franz ferdinand archduke austria-hungary assassinated serbian nationalist major
• Bolsheviks marxist revolutionaries eventually gain control russia
• Vladimir lenin leader russia's bolshevik movement
• Lusitania british passenger ship holding americans sunk coast
• Zimmerman telegram germans encourage mexican attack united states
• Fourteen points woodrow wilson's post wwi plan rejected
• Treaty versailles harsh reparations germans world war i
• Organization league nations diplomatic created world war i
• Joseph stalin leader soviet union death vladimir lenin
• Collectivization process soviet union communist china form communal
• Franklin d roosevelt president united states depression world
• Civilian conservation corps major public works program united
• Fascism political theory advocating authoritarian hierarchical ultra-nationalist government
• Benito mussolini italian politician led national fascist party
• Adolf hitler german leader nazi party
• Nazism national socialism practice far-right wing ideology left-wing
• Republic german weimar founded wwi downfall empire's monarchy
• Mein kampf influential book written adolf hitler describing
• Totalitarianism government ruled single party and/or person exerts
• Japan zaibatsu large conglomerate corporations key elite families
• Francisco franco spanish general armies control spain ruled
• Sudetenland land germany thought rightfully due large german
• Winston churchill british statesman leader world war ii
• Canal sea suez ship northeastern egypt linking red
• War tito yugoslav statesman led resistance german occupation
• Holocaust mass murder jews nazi regime
• Women comfort girls forced prostitution japanese wwii countries
• Trials nuremberg key set held germans accused war
• Berlin blockade soviet blocking allies causing airlift
• Nato alliance allied powers soviets
• Warsaw pact alliance democracy supporting communism
• Mccarthyism act accusing people disloyalty communism
• Hydrogen bomb thermonuclear fusion isotopes
• Stalin nikita khrushchev soviet leader cuban missile crisis
• Gulag russian prison camp political prisoners
• Leonid brezhnev soviet leader internationally actions hard-line stance
• War proxy instigated major power participate
• Socialist fidel castro cuban leader overthrew dictator established
• John f kennedy president bay pigs invasion cuban
• Gamal abdel nasser led coup toppled monarchy king
• Aswan high dam world's largest nile river southern
• French charles de gaulle general founded republicn served
• Khomeini leader iranian revolution of
• Oil opec international cartel originally formed represents majority
• Sandinista rebel forces nicaragua struggled occupation nation backed
• Zionism jewish movement starting 1800s resulted migration jews
• India delhi sultanate islamic government established controled small
• Gentry general term class prosperous families including ranked
• Empire mongol great timur tamerlane central asian leader
• Empire cambodia khmer aggressive laos collapsed 1400's thailand
• Maori zealand indigenous culture established ce
• Pax mongolica period approximately years relative peace stability
• Ghana west african state supplied majority world's gold
• Habsburg german princely family ruled alliance holy roman
• Witchcraft people women accused burned stake medieval early
• Human humanism philosophy celebrates cultural achievements emphasizes reason
• Hadith traditional records deeds muhammad quotations
• Marco polo italian explorer wrote travels central asia
• Empire mongol largest land history world spanning eastern
• Henry navigator portuguese prince lead extensive effort promote
• Caliphate abbasid descendants prophet muhammad's uncle al-abbas overthrew
• World war adolf hitler born austria radical german
• African national south congress organization dedicated obtaining equal
• South century afrikaners africans descended dutch french settlers
• Food agricultural revolution change gathering production occurred b.c.e
• Empire akbar illustrious sultan mughal india r expanded
• Akhenaten egyptian pharaoh r b.c.e built capital amarna
• Albert einstein german physicist developed theory relativity states
• Alexandria city mediterranean coast egypt founded alexander capital
• Alexander great b.c.e conquered persian empire reached indus
• Muslim all-india league political organization founded india defend
• Enclosure movement 18th century privatization common lands england
• Aqueduct conduit elevated ground gravity carry water source
• Armenia earliest christian kingdoms situated eastern anatolia east
• Asante african kingdom gold coast expanded rapidly major
• Asoka ruler mauryan empire india r b.c.e converted
• Asian tigers collective south korea taiwan hong kong
• Atahualpa ruling inca emperor peru executed spanish
• Economic atlantic world activity gradually began shift body
• Caesar augustus established rule death julius considered roman
• Auschwitz nazi extermination camp poland largest center mass
• Ayatollah khomeini shi'ite philosopher cleric led overthrow shah
• Aztecs mexica created powerful empire central mexico c.e
• King century b.c.e babylon largest important city mesopotamia
• Balfour declaration statement issued britain's foreign secretary arthur
• African bantu major language family collective large group
• Bartolome de las casas bishop chiapas southern mexico
• Bartolomeu dias portuguese explorer led expedition sail southern
• Japanese battle midway u.s naval victory fleet june
• Capital beijing china's northern imperial people's republic china
• India region part british bengal northeastern conquered eighteenth
• Italy germany benito mussolini fascist dictator led conquer
• American benjamin franklin intellectual inventor politician helped negotiate
• Conference berlin german chancellor otto von bismarck called
• Bhagavad-gita important work indian sacred literature dialogue great
• Black death common major outbreak plague spread asia
• Bolsheviks radical marxist political party founded vladimir lenin
• Bourgeoisie early modern europe class well-off town dwellers
• Empire byzantine historians eastern portion roman fourth century
• Caliphate islamic empire ruled believed successors prophet muhammad
• Capitalism economic system large financial institutions-banks stock exchanges
• Caravel small highly maneuverable three-masted ship portuguese spanish
• B.c.e carthage city located present-day tunisia founded phoenicians
• Catholic reformation religious reform movement latin christian church
• British rhodesia cecil rhodes entrepreneur politician involved expansion
• British celts peoples sharing common language culture originated
• Champa rice quick-maturing harvests growing season originally introduced
• R charlemagne king franks emperor series military conquests
• Charles darwin english naturalist studied plants animals south
• Chavin major urban civilization south america b.c.e capital
• Chiang kai-shek general leader nationalist china succeeded sun
• Chiefdom form political organization rule hereditary leader held
• Chinampas raised fields constructed lake shores mesoamerica increase
• Christopher columbus genoese mariner service spain led expeditions
• State early city small independent consisting urban center
• War cold ideological struggle communism soviet union capitalism
• Colonialism policy nation administers foreign territory develops resources
• Exchange columbian plants animals diseases technologies americas rest
• Confucius doctrine duty public service great influence subsequent
• Congress vienna meeting representatives european monarchs called reestablish
• Conquistadors early-sixteenth-century spanish adventurers conquered mexico central america
• Roman constantine emperor r reuniting empire moved capital
• Constitutional convention meeting elected representatives thirteen original states
• Constitutionalism theory developed early modern england spread royal
• Indentured servitude worker bound voluntary agreement work period
• Cossacks peoples russian empire lived farming villages herders
• Date battle sekigahara beginning tokugawa hint
• Cottage industry weaving sewing carving small-scale home laborers
• Cotton plant produces fibers textiles woven native india
• Term describe creoles colonial spanish america european descent
• Crusades armed pilgrimages holy land christians determined recover
• Crystal palace building erected london great exhibition made
• Cuban missile crisis brink-of-war confrontation united states soviet
• Cultural imperialism domination culture deliberate policy encourages assimilation
• Cultural revolution campaign china ordered mao zedong purge
• Cuneiform system writing wedge-shaped symbols represented words syllables
• Cyrus founder achaemenid persian empire b.c.e conquered media
• Lama title tibet dalai originally meaning universal priest
• World daoism chinese religion believes changing devoid absolute
• Darius i ruler persian empire r b.c.e crushed
• Rights french declaration man statement fundamental political adopted
• Deforestation removal trees faster forests replace
• Rates population birth death high democracy system government
• Deng xiaoping communist party leader forced chinese economic
• Devshirme selection turkish system boys christian communities ottoman
• Diaspora greek word meaning dispersal describe communities ethnic
• War dirty waged argentine military leftist groups characterized
• Slave driver privileged male job ensure gang work
• Druids class religious experts conducted rituals preserved sacred
• Economic country sanctions boycotts embargoes measures pressure changing
• Telegraph device rapid long-distance transmission information electric wire
• Electricity form energy telegraphy 1840s lighting industrial motors
• Date founding jamestown hint 1607
• Peasants emilano zapata revolutionary leader mexican revolution mobilized
• Independence movement emilio aguinaldo leader filipino spain proclaimed
• Emperor ethiopia menelik r enlarged present dimensions defeated
• Empress dowager cixi china mother emperor guangxi put
• Grant holder encomienda authority population amerindians spanish colonies
• Laws enlightenment philosophical movement eighteenth-century europe fostered belief
• Estates group general traditional representatives french society clergy
• East ethiopia african highland nation lying nile river
• Ethnic cleansing effort eradicate people culture means mass
• European community organization promoting economic unity europe formed
• Peron poor eva wife juan champion argentina gifted
• Laws extraterritoriality foreign residents country living native disregarding
• Arab british faisal prince leader revolt world war
• Party fascist italian political created benito mussolini world
• Ferdinand magellan portuguese navigator led spanish expedition sail
• Temple solomon's monumental sanctuary built jerusalem king solomon
• Plans year joseph stalin introduced industrialize soviet union
• Forbidden city walled section beijing emperors lived portion
• Revolution pancho villa popular leader mexican outlaw youth
• Toussaint l'ouverture leader haitian revolution freed slaves gained
• Fransisco pizarro spanish explorer led conquest inca empire
• Economic weaker neocolonialism dominance country powerful maintaining legal
• Fresco technique painting walls covered moist plaster decorate
• Gens de couleur free men women color haiti
• Date thirty years war begins hint
• George washington military commander american revolution elected president
• Getulio vargas dictator brazil defeated presidential election overthrew
• Ghana kingdom sub-saharan west africa sixth thirteenth centuries
• Gold coast region atlantic west africa occupied modern
• Golden horde mongol khanate founded genghis khan's based
• Large gothic cathedrals churches originating twelfth-century france built
• Grand canal 1,100-mile 1,700-kilometer waterway linking yellow yangzi
• Atlantic great circuit network ocean trade routes europe
• Great western schism division latin christian church rival
• Great zimbabwe city ruins modern african country stone
• Guild medieval europe association men rarely women merchants
• Gujarat region western india famous trade manufacturing
• Make gunpowder formula brought china 400s 500s fumigators
• Party guomindang nationalist political founded democratic principles sun
• Indian gupta empire powerful state based mauryan predecessor
• Habsburg powerful european family provided holy roman emperors
• Hadith tradition relating words deeds prophet muhammad quran
• Hammurabi amorite ruler babylon r b.c.e conquered city-states
• Han term designate ethnic chinese people originated yellow
• Hanseatic league economic defensive alliance free towns northern
• Harappa site great cities indus valley civilization millennium
• Hatshepsut queen egypt b.c.e dispatched naval expedition red
• Hebrew bible collection sacred books diverse materials origins
• Hellenistic greek spread age culture western asia northeastern
• Helsinki accords political human rights agreement signed finland
• Henry navigator portuguese prince promoted study navigation directed
• Hernan cortes spanish explorer conquistador led conquest aztec
• Greek herodotus historian considered father history community anatolia
• Mahdi imam series twelve descendants muhammad's son-in-law ali
• Hieroglyphics system writing pictorial symbols represented sounds syllables
• Indian hinduism term wide variety beliefs ritual practices
• Hiroshima city japan destroyed atomic bomb august bombing
• Anatolia hittites people central established empire syria late
• Holocaust nazis program world war ii kill people
• Holy roman empire loose federation german states principalities
• Hoplite heavily armored greek infantryman archaic classical periods
• Horse collar harnessing method increased efficiency shifting point
• House burgesses elected assembly colonial virginia created
• Humanists european scholars writers teachers study humanities grammar
• Humanism worldview moral philosophy considers humans primary importance
• French hundred years war series campaigns control throne
• Ibn battuta moroccan muslim scholar widely traveled individual
• Ibn khaldun arab historian developed influential theory rise
• Inca largest powerful andean empire controlled pacific coast
• British indian civil service elite professional class officials
• Indian national congress movement political party founded demand
• Indian ocean area possessed biggest network sea-based trade
• Indulgence forgiveness punishment due past sins granted catholic
• Industrial revolution transformation economy environment living conditions occurring
• Investiture controversy dispute popes holy roman emperors held
• Iron curtain winston churchill's term cold war division
• Iroquois confederacy alliance northeastern amerindian peoples made decisions
• Islam religion expounded prophet muhammad c.e basis reception
• Jewish israel state eastern shore mediterranean antiquity founded
• Jacobins radical republicans french revolution led maximilien robespierre
• James watt invented condenser improvements made steam engine
• Janissaries infantry originally slave origin armed firearms constituting
• Indian nehru statesman succeeded mohandas k gandhi leader
• Catholic jesuits members society jesus roman order founded
• Jesus jew galilee northern israel sought reform jewish
• Ruled joesph stalin soviet union iron fist five-year
• Joint-stock company business backed government charter sold shares
• Mexican jose morelos priest student miguel hidalgo y
• Pottery josiah wedgwood english industrialist works produce fine-quality
• President juan peron argentina military officer championed rights
• Junk large flatbottom sailing ship produced tang song
• Kamikaze divine wind japanese credited blowing mongol invaders
• Karl marx german journalist philosopher founder marxist branch
• Karma indian tradition residue deeds performed past present
• Japanese post-wwii keiretsu business groups dismantling zaibatsu alliances
• Knots khipu system knotted colored cords preliterate andean
• Mongol empire china khubilai khan great r ruled
• Kievan russia government established kiev ukraine ce scandinavian
• King leopold ii belgium r active encouraging exploration
• North south korea united allying korean war conflict
• Labor union organization workers industry trade created defend
• Date unsuccessful ottoman seige vienna hint
• Laissez faire idea government refrain interfering economic affairs
• Lama tibetan buddhism teacher in
• League nations international organization founded promote world peace
• Nature legalism china political philosophy emphasized unruliness human
• Liberalism political ideology emphasizes rule law representative democracy
• Ice age century-long period cool climate began 1590s
• Loess fine yellowish light silt deposited wind water
• Chinese long march 6,000-mile 9,600-kilometer flight communists southeastern
• Ma'at egyptian term concept divinely created maintained order
• Empire macartney mission unsuccessful attempt british establish diplomatic
• Mahabharata vast epic chronicling events leading cataclysmic battle
• Malay designation peoples originating south china southeast asia
• Mali empire created indigenous muslims western sudan west
• Mamluks military islamic system slavery turkic slaves formed
• Manchuria region northeast asia north korea
• Dynasty manchus northeast asian peoples defeated ming founded
• Mandate heaven chinese religious political ideology developed zhou
• Mandate system allocation german colonies ottoman possessions victorious
• Manor medieval europe large self-sufficient landholding consisting lord's
• Mansa musa ruler mali r extravagant pilgrimage egypt
• Manumission grant legal freedom individual slave
• Communist party mao zedong leader chinese led long
• Mass deportation removal entire peoples terror tactic assyrian
• Mass production manufacture identical products division labor small
• B.c.e mauryan empire state unify indian subcontinent founded
• Max planck german physicist developed quantum theory awarded
• Maximillien robespierre young provincial lawyer led radical phases
• Maya mesoamerican civilization concentrated mexico's yucatan peninsula guatemala
• Mecca city western arabia birthplace prophet muhammad ritual
• Mechanization application machinery manufacturing activities processes mechanized spinning
• Period medieval literally middle age term historians europe
• Medina city western arabia prophet muhammad followers emigrated
• Meiji restoration political program destruction tokugawa shogunate collection
• Memphis capital kingdom egypt head nile delta early
• Trade country colonies mercantilism european government policies sixteenth
• Egyptians 400s nubians people eastern africa south egypt
• Mestizo term spanish authorities describe mixed native american
• Middle passage part great circuit involving transportation enslaved
• Mexican miguel hidalgo y costilla priest led stage
• Mikhail gorbachev head soviet union liberalization effort improved
• Dynasty chinese ming overthrow yuan mongol china things
• Minoan prosperous civilization aegean island crete millennium b.c.e
• Mita andean labor system based shared obligations kinsmen
• Montezuma ii aztec emperor vacation beach days captured
• Traditions modernization process reforming political military economic social
• Leader indian mohandas gandhi independence movement advocate nonviolent
• Indus valley mohenjo-daro largest city civilization centrally located
• Moksha hindu concept spirit's liberation endless cycle rebirths
• Monasticism living religious community secular society adhering rule
• Eurasia mongols people mentioned early records tang empire
• Belief monotheism single divine entity israelite worship yahweh
• Date glorious revolution english bill rights hint
• Monsoon strong predictable winds long ridden open sea
• Type individual movable character cast separate piece metal
• Mughal empire muslim state exercising dominion india sixteenth
• Muhammad arab prophet founder religion islam
• Ruled egypt muhammad ali leader egyptian modernization early
• Muslim league muhammad ali jinnah indian politician founded
• Mulatto term spanish portuguese colonies describe mixed african
• Russian mongol power muscovite princes muscovy feudal duchy
• Muslim adherent islamic religion an
• Mycenae site fortified palace complex southern greece controlled
• Napoleon bonaparte overthrew french revolutionary government directory emperor
• Model nasir al-din tusi persian mathematician cosmologist academy
• Assembly estates national french revolutionary called general demanded
• European nato organization formed military alliance western north
• Empire neo-assyrian major mesopotamian bce force terror exploited
• Neolithic period stone age ancient agricultural revolution paleolithic
• State policy soviet economy allowing business economic proclaimed
• Imperialism historians term late-nineteenth early-twentieth-century wave conquests european
• Nomad person lives forced scarcity resources groups continually
• Nonaligned cold war countries support side declared
• Organizations international nongovernmental nonprofit devoted investigating human rights
• Nuclear nonproliferation goal international efforts prevent countries declared
• Olmec mesoamerican civilization ca b.c.e people central mexico
• Britain wars qing china opium empire mind 1800s
• Chancellor prussia otto von bismarck germany conservative nationalist
• Turkish ottomans empire based anatolia arrived wave migrations
• Paleolithic period stone age evolution humans predates neolithic
• Panama canal ship cut isthmus united states opened
• Papacy central administration roman catholic church pope head
• Papyrus reed grows banks nile river egypt produced
• Parthians iranian ruling dynasty ca b.c.e c.e
• Apostle paul jew greek city tarsus anatolia initially
• Roman pax romana period stability prosperity rule brought
• Pearl harbor naval base hawaii attacked japanese aircraft
• War peloponnesian athens spartan alliances largely consequence athenian
• Political economic soviet perestroika russian term reforms introduced
• Pericles aristocratic leader guided athenian state transformation full
• Persian persepolis complex palaces reception halls treasury buildings
• Persian empire wars conflicts greek city-states 400s bce
• Russian peter great tsar r enthusiastically introduced western
• Pilgrimage journey sacred shrine christians seeking show piety
• Pilgrims group english protestant dissenters established plymouth colony
• Cultural postmodernism post-world war ii intellectual movement attitude
• Type printing press mechanical device transferring text graphics
• Christian church protestant reformation religious reform movement latin
• Wars proxy cold local regional superpowers armed trained
• Puritans english protestant dissenters believed god predestined souls
• Chinese qin people state wei valley eastern china
• Date opium war china hint
• Empire qing established china manchus overthrew ming times
• Quran book composed divine revelations made prophet muhammad
• Railroads networks iron steel rails steam electric diesel
• Hindu rajputs members warrior caste northwest india mughal
• Ramesses ii long-lived ruler kingdom egypt r b.c.e
• Reconquista beginning eleventh century military campaigns iberian christian
• Italian renaissance period intense artistic intellectual activity rebirth
• Revolutions democratic nationalist swept europe time congress vienna
• Richard arkwright english inventor entrepreneur wealthiest successful textile
• Roman principate term characterize government centuries c.e based
• Roman republic period b.c.e rome largely governed aristocratic
• Roman senate council members heads wealthy landowning families
• Roman romanization process latin language culture dominant western
• Company royal african trading chartered english government conduct
• War invasion defeated saddam hussein president iraq waged
• Safavid empire turkish-ruled iranian kingdom established ismail safavi
• Sahel belt south sahara transitions savanna central africa
• Elected president salvador allende marxist politician americas chile
• Samurai literally serve hereditary military elite feudal japan
• Sandinistas members leftist coalition overthrew nicaraguan dictatorship anastasia
• Empire sasanid pre-islamic persian ce main powers western
• Scholasticism philosophical theological system thomas aquinas devised reconcile
• Scientific revolution intellectual movement europe initially planetary motion
• Africa scramble sudden wave conquests european powers 1880s
• Date years war france britain begins hint
• Family languages semitic related long spoken parts western
• Men separate spheres nineteenth-century idea western societies women
• Sepoy soldier south asia service british
• British india sepoy mutiny revolt groups led disgruntled
• Province serbia ottoman balkans rose janissary control early
• Russia serf medieval europe agricultural laborer legally bound
• Shah abbas i iran r illustrious ruler safavid
• Early shamanism practice identifying special individuals shamans interact
• Shang dominant people earliest chinese dynasty written records
• Shi huangdi founder short-lived qin dynasty creator chinese
• Shi'a branch islam believing god vests leadership community
• Siberia northeastern sector asia eastern half russia
• Guru mughal sikhism indian religion founded nanak punjab
• Silk road caravan routes connecting china middle east
• Military simon bolivar important leader struggle independence south
• Socialists umbrella term people diverse perspectives typically advocate
• Socrates athenian philosopher ca b.c.e shifted emphasis philosophical
• Sokoto caliphate large muslim state founded northern nigeria
• Solidarity polish trade union created protest working conditions
• Song dynasty empire southern china jin people controlled
• Stalingrad army germany city russia site red victory
• Steam engine machine turns energy released burning fuel
• Steel form iron durable flexible mass-produced 1860s quickly
• Good steppes treeless plains high flat expanses northern
• Stock exchange place shares company business enterprise bought
• Stone age historical period characterized production tools nonmetallic
• Cables laid submarine communication telegraph insulated copper bottom
• Sub-saharan africa portion african continent lying south sahara
• Suez canal ship dug isthmus egypt designed ferdinand
• Empire suleiman magnificent illustrious sultan ottoman r lawgiver
• Sumerians people dominated southern mesopotamia end millennium b.c.e
• Sun yat-sen chinese nationalist revolutionary founder leader guomindang
• Sunnis muslims belonging branch islam believing community select
• Swahili bantu language arabic loanwords spoken coastal regions
• Rebellion taiping destructive civil war china twentieth century
• Kingdoms tamil southern india inhabited primarily speakers dravidian
• Tang empire unifying china part central asia founded
• Tanzimat restructuring reforms nineteenth-century ottoman rulers intended move
• Tenochtitlan capital aztec empire located island lake texcoco
• Teotihuacan powerful city-state central mexico c.e population peak
• Terrorism targeting random people civilians violence political purpose
• Thebes capital city egypt home ruling dynasties middle
• Theravada elders branch buddhism sri lanka southeast asia
• World term applied group developing underdeveloped countries professed
• Thomas edison american inventor inventing electric light bulb
• Population growth thomas malthus eighteenth-century english intellectual warned
• System grows three-field rotational agriculture field grain legumes
• Chinese tiananmen square site beijing students workers gathered
• Timur member prominent family mongols jagadai khanate conquest
• Tokugawa shogunate semi-feudal government japan shoguns unified country
• Date american revolution/smith writes wealth nations hint
• Treaty qing nanking concluded opium war awarded britain
• Treaty germany versailles imposed france great britain united
• Foreign treaty ports cities opened residents result forced
• Tributary system time han empire countries east southeast
• System forced goods tribute defeated peoples pay tax
• Trireme greek phoenician warship fourth centuries b.c.e sleek
• Russian czar latin caesar title monarch reference ruler
• Uigurs group turkic-speakers controlled centralized empire mongolia central
• Muslim ulama religious scholars ninth century onward primary
• Umayyad caliphate hereditary dynasty muslim caliphs capital damascus
• Umma community muslims major innovation background seventh-century arabia
• United nations international organization founded promote world peace
• Nations universal declaration human rights united covenant binding
• Class varna major social divisions india's caste system
• Vasco da gama portuguese explorer led naval expedition
• King vassal medieval europe sworn supporter lord committed
• Vedas early indian sacred knowledge'-the literal meaning term-long
• Victorian age reign queen victoria great britain term
• Vladimir lenin leader bolshevik communist party lived exile
• Western front line trenches fortifications world war i
• Witch-hunt pursuit people suspected witchcraft northern europe late
• Woodrow wilson president united states leading figure paris
• Bank world specialized agency united nations makes loans
• International wto initials body established foster bring order
• Yin yang daoist belief complementary factors maintain equilibrium
• Yongle reign period zhu di emperor ming empire
• Empire yuan created dynasty china siberia khubilai khan
• Zen japanese word branch mahayana buddhism based highly
• Zheng imperial eunuch muslim entrusted ming emperor yongle
• Zhou people dynasty dominant position north china shang
• Ziggurat massive pyramidal stepped tower made mudbricks religious
• Religion zoroastrianism originating ancient iran centered single benevolent
• Zulu people modern south africa king shaka united
• Bce date beginnings agriculture 10000
• 3000s bce date beginning bronze age river valley
• Bce date iron age 1300
• 6th century bce date origin buddhism confucianism taoism
• 5th century bce date greek golden age philosophers
• Bce date alexander great dies
• Bce date qin unified china
• Ce date beginnings christianity 32
• Ce date end pax romana
• Ce date end han dynasty
• Ce date roman capital moved constantinople
• 4th century ce date beginning trans-saharan trade routes
• Ce date fall rome 476
• Ce date justinian rule byzantine empire
• Ce date rise islam 632
• Ce date battle tours 732
• Ce date east-west great schism christian church hint
• Ce date norman conquest england
• Ce date battle manzikert 1071
• Ce date crusade 1095 first
• Ce date mongols sack baghdad
• Ce date marco polo travels
• Ce date mansa musa's pilgrimage
• Ce date travels ibn battuta begin
• Ce date black death hits europe
• Ce date end zheng voyages/rise ottomans hint
• Ce date ottomans capture constantinople hint
• Date dias rounded cape good hope
• Date columbus sailed ocean blue reconquista spain hint
• Date slaves begin moving americas hint
• Date martin luther theses hint
• Date cortez conquered aztecs hint
• Date pizarro toppled incas hint
• Date battle lepanto hint 1571
• Date defeat spanish armada british hint
• Date european revolutions marx engles write communist manifesto
• Date commodore perry opens japan trade hint
• Date sepoy mutiny failed indian revolution british east
• Date end russian serfdom/italian unification hint
• Date emancipation proclamation hint 1863
• Date german unification hint 1871
• Date berlin conference division africa hint
• Date spanish-american war acquires philippines,cuba guam puerto rico
• Date boer war british control south africa hint
• Date russo-japanese war hint 1905
• Mexican date start ten year long revolution confused
• Chinese date revolution traditional imperial system hint
• Date wwi start finish 1914-1918
• Date year successful russian revolution(s
• Date treaty versailles end wwi
• Date stock market crash 1929
• Date japanese invasion manchuria hint
• Date italian invasion ethiopia hint
• Date german blitzkrieg poland starting wwii europe
• Date pearl harbor entry wwii
• Date end wwii 1945 of
• Date independence partition india 1947
• Date declaration israeli statehood of
• Date chinese communist revolution 1949
• Date korean war starts 1950
• Date vietnamese defeat french dien bien phu hint
• Date de-stalinization russia egyptian nationalization suez canal hint
• Date cuban revolution hint 1959
• Date cuban missile crisis 1962
• Date six-day war israel chinese cultural revolution hint
• Date iranian revolution hint 1979
• Date 1st palestinian intifada hint
• Date tiananmen square protest china fall berlin wall
• Date fall ussr 1st gulf war iraq hint
• Date genocide rwanda/1st race elections s africa hint
• Date attacks 2001 9/11
• Caliphate abbasid dynasty 3rd dyansty islamic built capital
• Abolition movement make slavery slave trade illegal begun
• Absolutism form government hereditary monarchy ruler legal limits
• Empire achaemenid ancient persian c bce composed smaller
• African diaspora separation homeland centuries forced removal serve
• Jesus jew galilee northern israel teacher prophet life
• Famous akbar muslim ruler india period mughal rule
• Logic aristotle greek philosopher pupil plato tutor alexander
• Aryans nomads europe asia migrated india finally settled
• Empire assyrian covered mesopotamia syria palestine egypt anatolia
• City athens seat greek art science philosophy paul
• Trade atlantic slave lasted 16th century 19th african
• Human aztecs settled valley mexico grew corn engaged
• Bantu migration movement peoples southward africa spreading language
• Bronze age period human culture stone iron characterized
• Bubonic plague disease brought europe mongols middle ages
• Suffering desire buddhism teaching life permeated caused ceases
• Empire byzantine historians eastern portion roman fourth century
• Empire carolingian charlemagne's covered western central europe largest
• Caste system set rigid social categories determined person's
• Russia catherine great ruled added lands encouraged science
• Chavin major south american civilization flourished highlands peru
• China classical postclassical era people country invented compass
• Testament jesus christianity monotheistic system beliefs practices based
• Christopher columbus genoese mariner service spain led expeditions
• Commercial revolution expansion trade buisness transformed european economies
• Confucianism system ethics education statesmanship taught confucius disciples
• Confucius chinese philosopher circa bc
• Reformation counter reaction roman catholic church reaffirming veneration
• Crusades series military expeditions 11th 12th 13th centuries
• Daoism philosophical system developed lao-tzu chuang-tzu advocating simple
• Dar al islam arabic term means house refers
• God deism religion enlightenment 1700s followers believed existed
• Wudi emperor han dynasty wanted create stronger central
• System labor spanish natives encomienda created spain allowed
• English civil war conflict featured religious disputes mixed
• Roman fall empire germanic precipitated attacks mid century
• West gold ghana kingdom sub-saharan africa sixth thirteenth
• Genghis khan founder mongol empire
• Gupta dynasty ad 320-500)ruled indias golden age science
• Haciendas large spanish colonial estates owned wealthy families
• Dynasty han imperial ruled china time bc expanded
• Hebrews ethnic group claiming descent abraham isaac isaac's
• Empire hellenistic alexander great's the
• Hinduism religion philosophy developed ancient india characterized belief
• Religious holy roman empire divisions due reformation wars
• Homo sapiens species creatures hominid larger brains humans
• Ibn battuta morrocan muslim scholar widely traveled individual
• Incas ancient civilization 1200-1500ad located andes peru
• Indentured servitude labor contract employer fixed period time
• Indian ocean large amounts rade happened body water
• Indo-europeans people languages europe iran northern india share
• Indus civilization river's valley bc thriving cities mohenjodaro
• Iron metallurgy extraction ores allowed cheaper stronger production
• Religious islam faith muslims based words system founded
• Ivan terrible earned nickname great acts cruelty directed
• Founded jainism religion india sixth century bc members
• Janissaries infantry originally slave origin armed firearms constituting
• John calvin swiss theologian born france tenets predestination
• Company joint stock made group shareholders contributes money
• Julius caesar made dictator life bce conquering gaul
• Laws justinian's code byzantine empire based twelve tables
• King england church henry viii founder broke catholic
• King louis xiv france ruled iron fist years
• Phillip ii bc ancient greek king macedon assassination
• Kingdom kongo basin congo zaire river conglomeration village
• Legalism chinese philosophy developed hanfeizi taught humans naturally
• Mali empire created indigenous muslims western sudan west
• Mandate heaven political theory ancient china power rule
• Manorialism economic system middle ages revolved self-sufficient farming
• Asian marco polo venetian merchant traveler accounts travels
• Martin luther german monk famous critics roman catholic
• Matteo ricci portuguese jesuit missionary china assimilated chinese
• Alexander great chandragupta maurya believed modeled conquest india
• Mayans member major pre-columbian civilization yucatán peninsula reached
• Mayans b.c a.d advanced civilization time western hempishere
• Japanese medieval japan period history aristocratic warlords controlled
• Nation's mercantilism economic system europe 18th c increase
• Mesopotamia region tigris euphrates rivers birthplace sumerian babylonian
• Millet christians system divided regions ottoman empire religion
• Dynasty ming major ruled china mid-fourteenth mid-seventeenth century
• Empire mongol founded 12th century genghis khan reached
• Muhammad arab prophet founded islam
• People mycenaeans group settled greek mainland b.c leading
• Religious sectarian devoted sect referring involvement politics
• Confucian neo-confucianism term describes resurgence confucianism influence scholars
• Egypt society ruled pharaoh considered incarnation sun god
• Oceania large group islands south pacific including melanesia
• Olmecs b.c.e earliest mexican civilization,lived rainforests gulf mexico
• Olympics greek athletic competitions celebrate gods feed city-state
• Ottoman empire islamic state founded osman northwestern anatolia
• Stone paleolithic era called age million years ago
• Patriarchy form social organization father supreme authority family
• Persian wars conflicts greek city-states empire ranging ionian
• Russian peter great tsar r enthusiastically introduced western
• Phoenicians located eastern mediterranean coast invented alphabet sounds
• Polis city-state ancient greece a
• Portuguese empire lead european exploration sponsored prince henry
• Protestant reformation religious movement 16th century began attempt
• Dynasty qin chinese bc established centralized imperial government
• Dynasty qing imperial china overthrown revolutionaries extreme isolationism
• England queen supported elizabeth i virgin ruled years
• Quran sacred writings islam revealed god prophet muhammad
• Florence city hot spots renaissance culture 1400s
• Repartimiento system required adult male native americans devote
• Roman empire existed bce ce conquiered entire mediterranean
• Roman law contribution delt rights citizens belief fair
• Roman republic period b.c.e rome largely governed aristocratic
• Roman roads allowed military transportation facilitated trade empire
• Safavid empire iranian kingdom established ismail safavi declared
• Scientific revolution era thought europe careful observation natural
• Flu pandemic deadliest natural disaster human history killed
• Land serfdom type labor commonly feudal systems laborers
• Years war fought france/russia prussia frederick fighting heavy
• Dynasty shang chinese b.c farming society ruled aristocracy
• Shi huangdi founder short-lived qin dynasty creator chinese
• Route china silk road ancient trade mediterranean sea
• Silver due growing atlantic economy china requiring land
• Skepticism philosophy suggests a which
• Africa 16th century warfare states/groups purposes capturing slaves
• Socrates philosopher believed absolute wrong asked students pointed
• Songhay empire state located western africa early 15th
• Sparta greek city-state ruled oligarchy focused military slaves
• Blankets british soldiers fighting native americans pontiac war
• St petersburg built peter great russia attract europeans
• Sufis mystical muslim group believed draw closer god
• Dynasty sui short han tang built grand canal
• Suleyman magnificent ottoman sultan expansion asia europe helped
• Sunni islam fourth successor ali muhammad's cousin son-in-law
• Shia islam belif people mohammeds descands leaders
• Taj mahal beautiful mausoleum agra built mogul emperor
• Dynasty tang referred china's golden age reigned ad
• Dynasty started song ad tai zu million people
• Teotihuacan major metropolis mesoamerica collapsed ce remembered gigantic
• Enlightenment philosophical movement started europe 1700's spread colonies
• Forbidden built city ming dynasty stunning monument bejing
• Great wall vast chinese defensive fortification begun 3rd
• Romanovs russian family power ruled centuries
• Brahmins priest varna caste system
• Holy roman thirty years war protestant rebellion empire
• Timbuktu major city niger river modern country mali
• Tokugawa shogunate japanese ruling dynasty strove isolate foreign
• Toltecs nomadic peoples northern frontier sedentary agriculture mesoamerica
• Trading post empires built initially portuguese control trade
• Trade route trans saharan sahara desert major traded
• Newly discovered lands line belong treaty tordesillas agreement
• Dynasty shi'ites sunnis kharijites muslim umayyad governor syria
• Vedas early eastern sacred knowledge braham priests
• Period vedic age history india transition nomadic pastoralism
• Vikings seafaring scandinavian people raided coasts northern western
• Warring states period time warfare regional lords decline
• Westernization policy peter great adoption western ideas technology
• River yellow english huang north china chinese civilization
• Zheng imperial eunuch muslim entrusted ming emperor yongle
• Zoroastrianism system religion founded persia 6th century bc
• Baroque major western artistic style 1500s 1700s climactic
• Neoclassical major western artistic style 1600s 1800s symmetry
• Realism major western artistic style 19th century romanticism
• Romanticism major western artistic style 1700s 1800s.against neoclassicism
• Style impressionism major western artistic gained prominence half
• Latin america region 19th century experienced wave independence
• German reichstag parliament germany building previously general assembly
• Spanish-american war conflict spain united states fought issue
• Japanese rape nanjing six-week period capture chinese city
• Vienna wars congress conference ambassadors european states chaired
• Plan schlieffen german general staff's early 20th century
• Wages iron law proposed principle economics asserts real
• Ruled mughal empire islamic imperial power large portion
• Revolutions series political upheavals european continent historians revolutionary
• Empire war crimean fought russian side alliance british
• Scottish adam smith moral philosopher pioneer political economics
• Region balkans geopolitical cultural southeastern europe greece north
• Sultan ottoman tanzimat reforms began mahmud ii november
• Open policy statement u.s door foreign china issued
• Hinduism architecture 12th century temple complex angkor wat
• Buddhism artistic ritual related religion
• Millennium historical period years a
• Century period years a of
• 1800s 19th century includes years
• 1700s 18th century includes years
• 1600s 17th century includes years
• 1500s 16th century includes years
• 100s 2nd century bce includes years
• Kulak russian peasant farmer owns land late imperial
• Predestination calvinism protestant reformation doctrine god chosen saved
• Red guards radical youth cultural revolution china starting
• Phoenicians semitic-speaking canaanites living coast modern lebanon syria
• Jewish western wall called wailing sacred site remains
• Ghengis khan title temujin ruled mongols means universal
• Jihad contoversial term islam literally means striving allah
• Isolationism policy separating one's country economic political interactions
• Militarism tendency regard military greatness supreme ideal state
• Revolution overthrow replacement established government political system people
• Kshatriyas warrior aristocrat varna caste system
• Recession slowdown economic activity period time things decline
• Radical favoring drastic political economic social reforms
• Nationalize bring ownership control nation industries land
• International united nations organization formed wwii promote peace
• Truman doctrine common cold war strategy containment versus
• Leon trotsky russian revolutionary intellectual close adviser lenin
• Abdicate renounce relinquish throne power claim responsibility formal
• Armistice cease fire temporary suspension hostilities agreement warring
• Capitalism economic system based free market open competition
• Communism karl marx classless stateless society ultimate peak
• Conservative political viewpoint disposed preserve existing conditions institutions
• Policy containment act restricting territorial growth ideological influence
• Deposed remove office position esp high people dictator
• Egalitarian characterized belief equality people political social life
• Ethnic cleansing elimination unwanted group society genocide forced
• Markets globalization process world economically interconnected interdependent tendency
• Guerrilla member band irregular soldiers warfare harassing enemy
• Liberal political view advocates rule law representative government
• Secular government cultural product based religion
• South africa apartheid system legal racial segregation enforced
• Berlin airlift supplied food fuel citizens west russians
• Fidel castro cuban revolutionary leader overthrew regime dictator
• Che guevara argentine marxist revolutionary physician author intellectual
• Missile cuban crisis confrontation united states soviet union
• Civil disobedience active refusal obey laws demands commands
• Great leap forward economic social plan china aimed
• Mao zedong chinese communist leader
• Plan marshall aiding european nations economic recovery world
• European union association nations formed purpose achieving political
• Islamic abbasid caliphate empire rulers built capital baghdad
• Circa noting dates letter c represents jesus born
• Authoritarian style government characterized submission authority opposed individualism
• Malaria disease commonly poverty spread mosquitos year million
• Smallpox deadliest disease history world 20th century approximately
• Islamic world golden age hypothetical period describes status
• Abbasids open umayyads integrating arab peoples non-arab masses
• Umayyads abbassids non-arab people ostracized society muslim prohibited
• Bushido feudal japanese code honor warrior class
• Glasnost policy openness transparency activities government institutions soviet
• Gross domestic product gdp measurement total goods services
• Bourbon european royal family rule france 16th 18th
• Gobi desert north china the
• British raj period territory direct colonial rule south
• Relations eastern great schism severing divided medieval christianity
• Hammurabi designed legal code early babylon gave punishment
• Sargon akkad bce creator empire mesopotamia
• Mesopotamia land rivers home empires human history invention
• Cuneiform writing system graphic symbols represent sounds syllables
• Hebrews early group people lived lands mesopotamia egypt
• Phoenicians maritime people spread alphabet including hebrews romans
• Hittites group people toppled babylonian empire responsible technological
• Bantu people spread africa spreading agriculture language iron
• Menes king unifed egypt the
• River nile early kingdoms egypt centered
• Hieroglyphics egyptian writing involved pictures represent words
• Vedas collections hymns songs prayers rituals honoring barious
• System social caste india seperated people categories based
• Vaishyas artisan merchant varna caste system
• Shudras landless peasants serfs caste system
• People jati sub-varna caste system gave sense community
• Sati indian custom widow voluntarily throwing funeral pyre
• Upanishads major book hinduism form dialogues explored vedas
• Brahman term univeral soul hinduism
• Moksha liberated cycle reincarnation hinduism
• Karma belief actions life good bad decide place
• Dynasty shang bce chinese rose power due bronze
• Dynasty zhou decentralized chinese china massive size emperor
• Mandate heaven chinese belief emperor claimed son rule
• Ancestor veneration practice praying found china
• Period states warring chinese history bce emerged fighting
• Olmecs early peopl settled modern day mexico traded
• Maya settled yucatan peninsula olmecs cultural intellectual people
• Forces good zoroastrianism religion developed early persia stressed
• Chinese confucius bce philosopher kong fuzi created influential
• Analects book kong fuzi wrote stresses values ideas
• Ren attitude kindness benevolence sense humanity confucianism
• Li called individuals behave conventionally fashion confucianism
• Filial piety concept stressed confucianism reflected high significance
• Daoism religion china emphasizes removal society nature
• Legalism chinese philosophy devoted strengthen expand state increased
• Dynasty qin bce centralized china legalism base belief
• Qin shihuangdi r.221-210 bce emperor dynasty believed strongly
• Dynasty han bce-220 ce continued centralization qin focused
• Empire mauryan bce centralized india founder chandragupta maurya
• Empire gupta ce decentralized emerged mauryan founder chandra

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