AP US History

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• Lincoln handle fort sumter send troops made south
• Secession state secede when?  what document called south carolina
• States seceded texas mississippi florida alabama georgia louisianna
• South civil war begin fort sumter coast carolina
• Result fort sumter states seceded tennessee arkansas north
• Lincoln abuse executive power calling troops put insurrection
• Habeus corpus people arrested fair trial
• Southern president capital jefferson davis richmond
• Border west states handled virginia maryland delaware missouri
• Southern advantages fighting defensive war talented officers military
• Southern disadvantages government  was state focused cooperation.  tiny navy.  only tregdar
• Northern advantages states million people.  lots economy money factory.  had
• Northern disadvantages tons immigrants join thought slaves jobs
• Jefferson davis egotistical hard work with.  he lee lot
• Vice-president confederacy alexander h stephens
• Samuel de champlain founder quebec
• Battle bull run big civil war.  it hill manassas
• Leaders battle bull run mcdowell stonewall jackson
• Mcdowell's strategy battle bull run rush confeds richmond
• Outcome battle bull run stonewall jackson owns mcdowell.  mcdowell
• Battle bull run stonewall wanted dc.  he pushes destroys
• Anaconda plan winfield scott who
• Points anaconda plan mississippi blockade southern ports crush
• Peninsula campaign george mcclellan long training troops richmond
• Antietam battle maryland lee northern victory euro support.  mcclellan
• Merimac monitor ironclads.  the southern owned finally north produced
• Battle shiloh western side war grant surprised johnston.  grant
• David farragut captain union navy
• Boat britain trent affair british mail called south
• Alabama southern vessel purchased britain captured tons union
• Union confiscation acts contraband slaves).  the slaves people engaged
• Emancipation proclamation lincoln slaves rebellion states free.  made war
• Thirteenth ammendment abolished slavery.  wasn't passed
• Purpose battle gettysburg lee wanted victory north momentum
• Battle gettysburg turn pickett's charge failed thinking work.  tons
• North troops conscription.  20-45 males unknown period time substitute
• South troops conscription.  men years pushed vital job provide
• Vicksburg grant seiges weeks.  on july day gettysburg finishes
• Sherman's march tennessee georgia south carolina
• Sherman's tactics destroy everything!  the world destroyed break morale
• Lincoln war chose chosen election democrats merged republicans
• Democrats pick election george mcclellan
• Country east europe fight communism hungary
• Won election lincoln.  own electoral college closer popular vote
• Lee surrender grant appomattox court house april
• Copperheads democrats opposed war the
• Parte milligan court case.  they people treated unfairly indiana
• Draft riots common civil war somewhat.  a lot irish
• Morrill tariff act raised giver america moneybags started
• Homestead act gave acres farm great plains years
• Land morrill grant act encouraged states sale federal
• Pacific railway act authorized building transcontinental railroad northern
• Native americans reach america berring straight years ago
• Popular north american tribes sious pawnee pueblo adena
• Northern tribes survive nomadic.  the iroquois permanent civilization north
• Inca natives andes south america.  they built nice road
• Maya central america.  they made calendar writing system pyramid
• Aztec warrior native tribe mexico.  they lots sacrifice agriculture
• Caused europe explore improvements technology religion trade development
• Technology helped spur exploration renaissance.  compass gunpowder shipbuilding techniques
• Leaders spain defeating moors ferdinand isabella
• Route china europe find ottoman turks constantinople major
• Henry navigator portugal south africa route indies".  first explorer
• Christopher columbus explorer funded spain world.  he finds america.  he
• Amerigo vespucci person america named
• South america divided pope gave portugal brazil spain
• Treaty tordesillas moved divide line degrees west establish
• Ferdinand magellan circumnavigation who was
• Hernan cortés aztecs who was
• Fransisco pizzaro incas who was
• Encomienda system king spain gave land indians spaniards
• Asiento system spanish buy slaves pay tax spain
• John cabot explorer england newfoundland
• Giovanni da verrazano french explorer.  he wanted find passage
• Henry hudson dutch hired explorer discovered york amsterdam
• Joint-stock companies british people pooled money support tradiving
• England start exploring owned spain natives coast population
• Attempt settlement england roanoke.  it failed settlers
• Jamestown founded when was 1607
• Founded jamestown virginia company who
• Saved jamestown tobacco.  didn't food though.  john smith led john
• Jamestown royal colony virginia company bankrupt
• Founded plymouth colony puritans.  they pilgrims separatists
• Mayflower compact signed aboard decided make decisions majority.  one
• Massachusetts bay founded company puritans led john winthrop
• Great migration huge movement people england led john
• Virginia house burgesses representative assembly america
• Corporate colonies jamestown operated joint-stock companies
• Royal colonies virginia direct rule king
• Proprietary colonies maryland pennsylvania individuals charter king
• Chesapeake colonies maryland virginia what
• Ruled maryland lord baltimore died gave son cecil
• Act toleration maryland allowed christian freedom
• Economic problems virginia face tobacco prices fluctuated
• Berkeley bacon's rebellion nathaniel bacon west virginians william
• Effects bacon's rebellion showed sharp class differences.  example colonial
• Indentured servant master pays persons passage america work
• Headright system virginia gave acres land paid another's
• Roger williams church state separate.  he aggravates john winthrop
• Anne hutchinson kicked winthrop antinomianism.  she founded portsmouth joined
• Antinomianism idea faith save what
• Thomas hooker founded connecticut hartford leaving boston
• Fundamental orders connecticut made representative government connecticut.  first written
• John davenport found haven connecticut
• Formed connecticut haven hartford combined
• Hampshire form king cut piece massachusetts bay
• Halfway covenant allowed religious england stay part faith.  it
• England confederation joined stay safe europeans natives.  also boundary
• Effect england confederation time unified colonial action
• Metacom chief the  wampanoags who was
• King phillip's war metacom to  attack england.  the wampanoag defeated
• Restoration colonies carolinas york jersey
• South north carolina differ tons slaves.  they rice economy.  the
• York ii formed charles sends duke dutch area.  he
• Jersey formed king gave john berkley and  george carteret
• Pennsylvania formed quakers how was
• Quakers peaceful people.  they equality men woman believed person
• William penn quaker pennsylvania king owed
• Holy experiment penns idea provide religious refuge quakers
• Frame government guaranteed pennsylvania representative assembly elected landowners
• Charter liberties pennsylvania guaranteed freedom opf worship unrestricted
• Deaware formed penn gave lower counties pennsylvania assembly.  they
• Georgia formed buffer florida south carolina.  also sending place
• Governor georgia james ogelthorpe who
• Mercantilism idea coloneis exist give parent country
• Trade acts navigation english colonial ships crews imports
• England positive effects navigation acts shipbuilding chesapeake tobacco
• Negatives trade navigation acts colonial manufacturing limited cheseapeake
• Dominion england king james ii merged jersey york.  they
• Sir edmund andros governed dominion england
• England triangular trade rum west africa.  slaves carribean.  the sugar
• Slaves trade grow reduced migration english dependable work
• Middle passage africa carribean.  many slaves die
• Native american party formed nativists
• Immigrants america english lots german scotish irish huguenots
• Immigrants settle middle colonies pennsylvania york jersey maryland
• Culture dominated colonies english what
• Colonies govern self-government.  they representative assembly.  the governor chosen king
• Toleration degree religious colonies others.  all
• Colonies hereditary aristocracy no.  social classes develop though.  people social
• Colonial family people married young large families.  men politics
• Substinence farming providing what was
• The  colonies good monetary system trade gold silver popular
• Lot churches people belong protestant presbyterians dutch reformed
• Great awakening fire lit religion.  told stop sining confess
• Jonathan edwards initiated great awakening massachusetts sinners hands
• George whitefield english man preached great awakening.  people needed
• Effects great awakening divided lights.  new churches gained lot
• Poor richard's almanack benjamin franklin's book popular back
• Education 18th century little.  some higher instutions harvard yale
• Professions opened people physicians reverends lawyers
• Zenger case john peter critized york governor.  andrew hamilton
• Colonial legislatures formed bottom voted people.  the upper chosen
• Town meetings affect government biggest form north small
• County  governments sheriff south peace keeping person town meetings
• Democracy limited america white men property voters.  women slaves
• French indian war fought colonies.  france england send troops
• French indian war begin building forts ohio river
• English send french indian war colonies william pitt
• Pitt prepare colonies plans strategy appoints peeople impressment
• Impressment forced enlistment what is
• George washington french indian war attack fort duquesne
• Albany plan union benjamin franklin wrote intercolonial government
• Effect albany union plan failed precursor revolution working
• Edward braddock virginian general attack fort duquesne failed
• French peace paris ended indian war.  it gave great
• Salutary neglect british empire ignores colonies moment
• Wanted colonies george iii parliament whigs time more.  they
• Pontiac's rebellion chief pontiac attack colonies.  they colonists move
• Colonists proclamation west appalacian mountains.  didn't enforce crazy go.  this
• Sugar act put tax things raise money crown
• Quartering act required colonists house feed british soldiers
• Stamp act instituted lord grenville put tax paper
• People respond stamp act hated much.  taxation representation
• Patrick henry part house burgesse wanted britain recognize
• Representatives stamp act congress met form york.  they elected
• Sons daughters liberty violent colonists rebelled britain
• Parliament declaratory act grenville replaced repealed stamp act.  it
• Townshend acts taxes collected imports tea glass paper.  allowed
• Search writ assistance general lisence judge's warrant specific
• Letters farmer pennsylvania written dickinson parliament regulate commerce
• Samuel adams james otis extreme revolutionaries.  they organized lot
• Massachusetts circular letter written otis adams colonies asked
• Lord frederick north townshend repealed acts
• Boston massacre people threw poop balls soldiers.  they killed
• Committee corespondence samuel adams started it.  they exchange letters
• Gaspee incident british ship crashed coast rhode island.  disguised
• Tea act tax what was
• Tea boston party disguised natives colonists burn ship
• Intolerable acts retaliation boston tea party north passed
• Act port massachusetts power coercive closed boston tea
• Quebec act made roman catholic religion quebec.  increased quebec's
• Enlightenment belief darkness past ages corrected human reason
• Human deism belief god made universe interfer affairs.  trust
• Rationalism trusting human reason solve problems science
• Enlightenment john locke jean-jacques rousseau thinkers pushed max
• Purpose continental congress react alarming threat rights liberties
• Adams radicals continental congress john samuel patrick henry
• Acts letter king continental congress intolerable repealed representative
• Paul revere warned william dawes lexington prepare fight
• Minutemen militia colonies were the
• Lexington concord british wanted military supplies
• Defeating minutemen lexington british concord
• Concord colonists pwn what happens
• Hill battle bunker fought breed's
• Won battle bunker hil americans claimed.  they huge number
• Continental congress called lexington concord
• Purpose 2nd continental congress discuss goals britain showing
• Agree 2nd continental congress war disagreed purpose
• Suffolk resolves product continental congress called repeal intolerable
• Declaration rights grievances product continental congress petition king
• Declaration necessities taking arms put george washington leader
• Olive branch petition written john dickinson gave england
• Prohibitory act king george iii claimed colonies rebellion
• Wrote common sense thomas paine.  it  pushed lot people wanting
• Resolution draft july declaration independence approved
• Wrote declaration independence thomas jefferson
• Jackson view state's rights favored
• Declaration independence include principles justified revolution life liberty
• Doi handle slavery trading purchasing slaves removed signeratures
• Patriots fiercely loyal people wanted fight war.  they made
• Tories/loyalists people sided britain.  they made
• Valley forge place washington retreated beating recieved years
• Continentals colonial money what were
• Commanded bunker hill british gage
• Gage howe who took over
• Turning point revolution saratoga the
• Saratoga horatio gates fights burgoyne north.  he owns france
• Howe handle war could've crushed americans squirm.  he failed
• Americans finance revolution sold war bonds.  borrowed money.  used militia
• Wanted phase iii revolution place britain south loyalists
• Battle revolution place yorktown.  clinton british general stayed north
• Fought yorktown cornwallis britain versus washington frenchies
• Main american general south nathanael greeneville
• America win yorktown trap cornwallis land sea
• Americans treaty paris work britain recognized independence mississippi
• Articles confederation american national unicameral government
• Powers aoc lack tax regulate trade draft.  states held
• Land ordinance established policy surveying selling western lands.  it
• Northwest ordinance set rules creating states.  it gave limited
• National shay's rebellion daniel shays led revolt massachusetts
• Mary mccauleey famous woman brought pitchers water soldiers
• Deborah sampson impersonating man fight revolutionary war
• Abigal adams major advocate woman's rights
• Annapolis convention held states critical problems articles confederation
• Constitutional convention held philadelphia where
• Original purpose cc revise aoc
• Led cc george washing who
• Favored virginia plan written madison larger states population.  they
• Jersey plan small states written william patterson.  it offered
• Great compromise bicameral legislature.  house virginia.  senate jersey.  after approved added
• Commercial compromise allowed congress regulate trade including putting
• Electoral college system set avoid mob ruling
• Main federalists hamilton madison jay
• Federalists favor loose interpretation constitution strong federal government
• Main anti-federalists samuel adams george mason elbridge gerry
• Anti-federalists favor state rights strict interpretation constitution southern
• Federalist papers written hamilton jay madison convince people
• Bill rights added appease anti-federalists constitution ratified
• George washington's cabinet ss thomas jeferson st hamilton
• Judiciary act established supreme court chief judges.  they rule
• Wrote report public credit alexander hamilton
• Goals report public credit assumption state debt fund
• Promoted protective tariffs infant industries alexander hamilton
• French america respond revolution people wanted join dr
• Washington french revolution neutrality trade open
• Citizen genet frenh ambassador speaking directly america assistance.   washington
• Britain jay's treaty john jay make peace takin
• America respond jay's treaty hated
• America pinckney's treaty ambassador spain.  spain gave opportunity orleans
• Treaty greenville battle fallen timbers natives fork ohio
• People whisky rebellion angry excise tax whiskey.  washington assembled
• Public land act established procedures selling federal reasonable
• Ideals democratic-republicans strict interpretation constitution weak central government
• Ideals federalists loose interpretation constitution strong central government
• Washington advise farewell address involved european affairs make
• Precedent washington set term tradition
• Won election john adams f aarron burr vp
• Xyz affair ships attacked adams sends delagate france.  they're
• Purpose alien sedition acts stop dr power growing
• Naturalization act made immigrants stay years citizenship
• Alien act president deport considered dangerous detain war
• Sedition act newspaper editors criticize president congress
• Kentucky virginia resolutions response alien sedition acts va
• Won revolution thomas jeffersn aaron burr tied votes
• National policies jefferson follow bank debt repayment.  stay neutral.  limit
• Twelfth ammendment candidates run avoid tiebreak
• Robert livingston guy tj buy orleans
• Napoleon sell louisianna needed put french money europe
• America louisianna million how much
• Jefferson wary taking deal louisianna constitutional power
• Tj explore louisiana purchase lewis clark
• Federalists power tj regime john marshall
• Marbury madison case day presidency adams appointed someone.  james
• Madison ruling marbury court smarbury deserves spot force
• Judicial review marshall established supreme court excercise power
• Tj respond madison marbury impeach federalist judges
• Challenged hamilton duel aaron burr
• Essex junto bidding aaron burr
• Burr killing hamilton england secede convicted treason
• Quids faction drs opposed tj
• Tj handle barbary pirates capture americans kill work
• Impressment britain american ships workers
• Chesapeake-leopard affair british leopard american chesapeake.  impressment.  got publicized anti-british
• Jackson's view central government limit congress judicial power.  strengthen
• American embargo act prevent british french ships harrassing
• Wins election james madison beats charles pinckney
• Nonintercourse act allowed americans trade france britain
• Macon's bill number u.s trade britain france attacked
• Wins election madison beats dewitt clinton f
• Britain war france respecting ships americans pro-french people
• Invasion canada failed how did
• Treaty ghent called stop fighting returned conquered territory
• Hartford convention war england federalists decide secede.  they fail
• Time monroe's presidency era good feelings
• Era good feelings kind lie sectionalism.  it intense
• Cultural nationalism developed era good feelings people ferverant
• Economic nationalism grow tariffs american system
• Tariff put protective goods imported america
• Henry clay's american system protective tariffs national bank
• Internal improvements part american system monroe madison constitutional
• National bank chartered when was
• Panic american history the of
• Caused panic cotton prices fall dramatically.  banks credit give.  people
• Marshall's decisions aimed increading power judicial branch pushing
• Happened fletcher v peck states pass legislation invalidating
• National happened mcculloch v maryland marshall ruled bank
• College private dartmouth v woodward hampshire wanted make
• York monopoly gibbons v ogden wanted give steamboat
• America expand westward native american land aquisition economic
• Western states demand growth land made cheaper prices
• Slaves tallmadge amendment stop expansion slavery missouri stopped
• Tallmadge ammendment fail southerners north encroaching
• Missouri clay propose compromise slave state.  maine free line
• Rush-bagot treaty disarmed great lakes.  it established canadian-american border
• Treaty america britain agreed....shared fishing rights newfoundland joint
• Part andrew jackson play florida pwn'd seminole
• Florida purchase treaty spain worried americans force.  they gave
• Wrote monroe doctorine jqa who
• U.s involved euro monroe doctorine americas longer colonized
• Lancaster turnpike major road pennsylvania.  it successful toll internal
• Cumberland road virginia maryland.  connect north south
• Madison veto cumberland road support constitutional
• Importance erie canal linked western farms eastern cities.  and
• Invented steamboat robert fullton who
• Effect railroads major boost transportation.  made cities chicago detroit
• Eli whitney cotton gin interchangable parts guns
• Corporations raise capital war allowed stock
• Samuel slater cotton-spinning machine blueprint england
• Lowell system women primary source labor
• Specialization decrease industrialization why did
• Unions fail immigrant workers state laws economic depressions
• Market revolution affect women began children gain control
• Happened economy market revolution people wealthier
• Market revolution affect slavery made south depend attatched
• Industrial revolution affect sectionalism increased differences north south
• Urban life crowded housing poor sanitation lots disease
• Cyrus mccormick invent mechanical reaper
• Cities spring northwest railroads.  they rives served spots eastern
• Surge immigration 1830s-1860s cheap ocean transportation famines revolutions
• Irish flood america tend potato famine.  they slums east
• German immigrants flood america economic political hardships germany.  most
• Nativist party form native-born protestants catholics.  they immigrants jobs
• Party actual political native american form kill formed
• Cotton king owned crops south.  it incredibly profitable
• Slavery peculiar institution slavery.  it u.s brazil puerto rico
• Denmark vesey nat turner slave revolt leaders
• Slave codes legal?  why work legalized.  enforcement shoddy
• Free africans cities property.  only half north
• Planters power domininating slate legislature
• Poor whites defend slave system believed hoped day
• Mountain people south opposed slavery.  they union raised self-sustaining
• Education south upper class put huge emphasis education.  no
• Natives adapt life plains rode horseback.  a tribes herded
• Frontier dangerous civil war indian raids.  malnutrition diseases.  away educated
• Age jackson common man the
• Men white male suffrage jacksonian era strived equality.  at
• King caucus closed-door meeting political party members congress
• King caucus replaced large meeting halls political party
• Anti-masons reached groups shown interest politics.  they attacked secret
• Presidential electors chosen people state
• Spoils system jackson gave power government friends owed
• Won election john quincy adams
• Corrupt bargain jackson jqa recieve electoral votes.  jackson popular
• Corrupt bargain jqa convinced clay votes needed pres
• Tariff called put place jqa abominations
• Dominated election jackson who the
• Peggy wife cabinet eaton affair jackson's member bullied
• Nation cherokee v georgia ruled foreign sue federal
• Worcester v georgia ruled georgian laws ruling cherokee
• Wat indian removal act allowed president move natives
• Trail tears thousands cherokee moved die
• South carolina attempt nullify tariff abominations thought crippling
• Sc's ideology nullification theory state obey federal law
• Webster-hayne debates webster hayne fought nature union constitution
• Jackson feel nullification theory wanted union together.  he passed
• Leader nullification crises john c calhoun
• Jackson veto rechartering national bank thought served rich
• Jackson destroying national bank secretary treasury roger taney
• Whigs differ democrats favored expanded federal government feared
• Democrats differ whigs favored steady growing economy common
• Specie circular required future purchases federal lands made
• Panic occur specie circular.  people exchange money gold banks.  europe
• Van buren handle panic laissez-faire.  he creates treasurey system
• Wins election william henry harrison dies john tyler
• Antebellum period decades civil war characterized movements reform
• Great awakening occur lots focus put reason enlightenment
• Leader timothy dwight great awakening.  he revivals
• People charles g finney revivalist york burned district
• Denominations dominated south antebellum period baptists methodists
• William miller told people christ coming soon.  they called
• Joseph smith founder mormons the
• Mormon faith based connected native americans lost tribes
• Mormons illinois great salt lake utah.  brigham young
• Romantic movement idea stressed intuition feelings individual acts
• Transcendentalists englanders believed humans grasp reason intellect emotions.   understanding
• Ralph waldo emerson nationalist transcendentalist urged unique american
• Wrote encouraged henry david thoreau book walden lived
• Started brooks farm george ripley
• Brooks farm community worked self-realization.  it kind socialist fell
• Shakers redifined women's roles making equal.  everyone celibate.  they shake   they
• Started shakers mother ann lee
• Started harmony robert owen who
• Harmony prominent utopian community focused problems industrial revolution
• Started oneida community john humphrey noyes
• Oneida community sex controlled.  people multiple partners monitors.  woman wanted
• Socialist charles fourier french started phalanxes communities
• Hudson river school antebellum period community painters painted
• Washington irving write wrote legend sleepy hollow rip
• James fenimore cooper write wrote american wilderness nature.  "the
• Walt whitman write wrote poetry leaves grass stressed
• Edgar allen poe wrote raven dark morbid
• Herman melville wrote moby dick conveyed courage individualism
• Nathaniel hawthorne write wrote scarlet letter focused pride
• Temperance movement huge antebellum period people drank heavily.  people
• American temperance society formed encouraged people abstinent drinking
• Washingtonians helped recovering alcoholics 1840s disease
• Opposed temperance movements irish german immigrants
• Asylum movement open penitenteries what
• Purpose asylums reform criminals put jail
• Dorothea dix improve conditions criminals emotional disturbed people.  she
• Were  thomas gallaudet dr samuel gridley howe opened schools
• Penitentiaries put prisoners solitory hoping reflect repend sins
• Auburn system york strong enforcement rules prisoners.  it put
• Horace mann major reformer education 1830s.  he stressed democracy
• Education effect reforms 1830s literacy skyrocketed north south.  specialized
• Mcguffey readers textbooks pushed 30s taught children morals
• Sputnik soviet satellite launched space
• Men women roles strengthened industrial revolution work.  women pretty
• Sarah grimke wrote letter condition women equality sexes
• Lecretia mott elizabeth cady stanton major feminist women
• Seneca falls convention feminist meeting
• Declaration document written seneca falls convention sentiments resolutions.  it
• Free american colonization society send africans back africa.  they
• Started american antislavery society william lloyd garrison
• Newspaper garrison write liberator what
• Slavery view garrison hold end forms areas
• Liberty party political abolitionist party.  similar free-soil
• Frederick douglas slave wrote north star
• Douglas view slavery slow gradual decline end
• Major black abolitionists harriet tubman david ruggles sojourner
• David walker henry garnet advocate slaves revolt master
• Whites nat  turner's rebellion south nat turner killed.  in retaliation
• American peace society wanted abolish war.  they influenced england
• Sylvester graham invented crackers people wanted eat grains
• Phrenology idea shape size person's skull determined character
• Manifest denisty idea america's destiny expand
• Lots americans texas mexico offering land settled
• Stephen austin man brought tons americans texas
• Antonio  lópez de santa anna crazy dictator mexico
• Sam houston man austin's military leadership sick
• Alamo mexicans slaughtered ton americans
• Texas independence houson captured santa anna forced sign
• Mexican government acknowledge treaty battle san jacinto river
• Jackson van buren deny texas request annexation political
• Webster-ashburton treaty divided land maine canada disputed over.  also
• Oregon disputed russia u.s britain spain claims
• U.s claim oregon lewis clark astor trading fur
• Won election james k polk
• Polk jackson who did take
• Polk favor differed lot annexation texas california
• Oregon fifty-four forty fight slogan people supporting reference
• Dark horse lesser candidate thrown polk
• Texas annexed john tyler who
• Polk handle oregon dispute made treaty britain
• Oregon treaty britain split half 49th parallel.  u.s gave
• Senate approve oregon treaty britain war started mexico.  don't
• Polk send convince mexico sell cali settle border
• Mexico reject slidell million dollar offer california
• Polk attempt convince congress war mexico debt owed
• Led american troops mexican war zachary taylor
• Congress approve mexican war killed provoking americans rio
• Made spot resolution lincoln it.  it demanded physical evidence
• John c fremont person cali overthrew mexican rule
• Mexico city winfield scott who
• Sante fe stephen kearney who
• Treaty guadalupe-hidalgo established rio grande border texas u.s
• Wilmot proviso forbade slavery territory obtained mexico
• Purpose wilmot proviso stop expansion slavery
• Young america movement political favored expansion free trade
• Ostend manifesto idea purchasing cuba spain pierce
• Southerners support ostend manifesto slave state
• William walker southern expansionist central america government's support
• Clayton-bulwer treaty britain u.s make canal route central
• Gadsden purchase gave america southern areas mexico arizona
• Gadsden purchase important opened idea trans-continental railroad built
• Great american desert area 1850s 1860s mississippi valley
• Mountain men fur traders west trade natives
• Mining frontier tons gold california
• Gold rush attract dream seekers east long arduous
• Trip west eliminate lower class people expensive
• Henry kissinger nixon's shady advisor
• Urban frontier newly sprung cities west.  (san fransisco detroit
• Industrial technology invented 40s sewing machine electric telegraph
• Invented sewing machine elias howe
• Canals replaced railroads what were
• Railroads connected east midwest.  allowed eastern products shipped faster.  northern
• Matthew c perry japan opened negotiations trade
• Panic occur inflation gold rush.  farmers overplant wheat.  lots people
• Civil war slavery constitutional disputes economic differences political
• Free-soil movement political group favored limiting expansion slavery
• Lewis cass advocates popular sovereignty
• Won election zachary taylor who
• Wrote compromise henry clay who
• Slave slavery trade dc things compromise include california
• Wrote omnibus bill stephen douglas
• Takes taylor dies millar filmore
• Slave territory slavery omnibus bill california admitted free
• Fugitive slave act northerners required chase runaway slaves
• Fugitive slave act effective hard enforce
• Underground railroad helped slaves escape north canada.  hariet tubman
• Uncle tom's cabin antislavery book written
• Wrote uncle tom's cabin harriet beecher stowe
• Impending crisis south book showed slavery hurting southern
• Wrote impending crisis south hinton r helper
• George fitzhugh wrote tons proslavery books 1850s.  he compared
• Won election franklin pierce who
• Kansas-nebraska act split kansas nebraska allowed decide slavery
• Douglas push kansas-nebraska act transcontinental railroad north.  thus teh
• Kansas-nebraska act compromise essentially destroyed
• Republican party's focus focused north west.  they wanted limit
• Won election james buchanan who
• England emigrant aid company moved anti-slavery people kansas
• Bleeding kansas proslavery antislavery people fight popular sovereignty
• Proslavery people gather kansas lecompton
• Antislavery people gather kansas topeka
• Sumner-brooks incedent sumner senator gave speech crime kansas
• Lecompton vetoed kansas constitution passed proslavery kansas.  buchanan agreed.  it
• Dred scott v sanford case wanted freedom free
• Chief justice dred scott v sanford case roger
• Dred taney rule scott case sue federal court
• Lincoln-douglas debates lincoln douglas senator
• Lincoln douglas freepoint illinois debate ultimate authority slavery
• Douglas answer lincoln freepoint agrees dred scott important
• Debates lincoln shows slavery expanding
• Brown happened john brown's raid harper ferry military
• John brown north martyrr what
• Wins election lincoln small margin.  the democrats divided
• Compromise crittenden lame-duck session buchanan reestablish missouri line.  lincoln
• Questions reconstruction hope answer south rebuilt future slaves
• Freed slaves free equate political economic social equality
• Southern economy civil war ruins plantations farms ravaged
• Abe deal confederate government negotiated acknowledge secession
• Happened confederate bonds useless what
• Happened southern male population civil war died
• Southern whites treat blacks civil war terribly.  there tons
• Coined forty acres mule george julian charles sumner
• Acres forty mule give free slave land confederate
• Forty acres mule change sold land cheaply federal
• Reconstruction government response rebuilding south
• Goal reconstruction north south cooperate rebuild
• Northerners treat reconstruction punish south
• Freedom defined reconstruction applied what
• Freedom apply southern whites control destiny shape lives
• Freedom apply southern blacks reconstruction bondage
• 13th ammendment abolished slavery formally
• Union handle enforcing 13th ammendment troops south protect
• Goal freedmen's bureau provide food establish schools prepare
• Greatest effect freedmen's bureau education schooling
• Southern whites react freedmen's bureau thought north favoring
• Congress southern politicians reconstruction primarily republican feared adding
• Northern dream south reconstruction shaping mini north
• Conservative republicans slavery abolished,  have conditions readmition
• White radical republicans punish confederate leaders southerners deprived
• Radicals give southern blacks land property vote
• Lincoln's plan established when was
• Union plan provided general pardon confederate southerners pledged
• Radicals react plan hate reject states follow
• Proposed wade-davis bill benjamin wade henry davis
• Congress wade-davis bill strict president's plan
• Wade-davis bill include president appoint temporary governor conquered
• Wade-davis bill fail lincoln vetoes
• Johnson's background poor tennesseer hated planter elite.  he senator
• Presidential reconstruction johnson's attempt solving reconstruction.  he slaves
• Confederates restoration johnson's plan reconstruction.  it 20k lost vote.  confederate
• Black codes gave whites control blacks.  blacks rent buy
• Freedmen's bureau reestablished fight black codes.  they nullify contracts
• Civil rights act declares black citizenship federal government
• 14th ammendment defines citizenship blacks
• Ratify radicals south 14th ammendment put penalties representation
• Disenfranchised lose vote to what
• Congressional reconstruction congress's attempt rebuild south
• Military congressional reconstruction handle southern states lumped confederacy
• Military job governor districts south register qualified voters
• Registered voters military commander convention set state constitution
• 15th ammendment guarantees blacks vote
• 15th ammendment leave open voting restrictions
• 15th ammendment person deprived vote based color condition
• Tenure office act president remove civil officials senate
• Military command army act president issue order commander
• Act command army tenure office passed limit executive
• Impeachment johnson's ob enforce law.  he fires secretary war
• Won election ullysses s grant
• Grant win war hero 500k blacks voted
• Reconstruction government south whites vote state remove restrictions
• Southern scalawags republicans whigs feel close democrats.  they typically
• Aid carpetbaggers northerners south influence.  they dirt middle class
• Grant fill cabinet spoils system
• Credit mobilier french construction company building union pacific
• Whiskey ring ben bushido grant's secretary treasury finds
• Indian ring grant finds secretary war william bullknap
• Won election ullysses s grant r
• Panic occur jay cook huge bank firm.  invested railroads
• Panic affect dollar printing money.  we
• Greenback movement print money backed.   grant opposed thought pay
• Won election rutherford b hayes r
• Hayes rutherford b r win election southern states
• Redeemers white supremacits south government republicans south.  they favored
• Amnesty act removed final restrictions ex-confederates vote
• Effect amnesty act reestablished power democrats south
• Support compromise hayes president end fed republicans south
• Great american desert land east oregon/gold.  (mississippi pacific
• Comstock lode huge gold area nevada.  so people flocked
• Responsible western states statehood mining frontier
• California respond chinese gold rush days forced pay
• Chinese exclusion act prohibited immigration u.s laborers
• Gold bad effects mining boom environment destroyed.  native americans
• Vaqueros mexican cowboys who were
• Cattle raising boom 1880s railroads opened area selling.  lots
• Traditional cattle raising end overgrazing blizzard drought homesteaders
• People flock great plains homestead act offered acres
• People adapt great plains barbed wire dry farming
• Oklahoma rushed place threw natives
• Wrote significance frontier american history frederick jackson turner
• Frontier significance american history place open fresh start
• Reservations area set native americans
• Life plains indians nomadic focus buffalo
• Wrote century dishonor helen hunt jackson outlined injustices
• Century dishonor treat natives wanted assimilate white societies
• Tribal dawes severalty act broke organization divided lands
• Dawes act work land sold government whites others.    there
• Ghost dance movement religious americans supporting native ideals
• Ghost dance put end u.s government killed sitting
• Indian reorganization act promoted reestablishment tribal organization culture
• South's economy lots textiles opened railroads constructed cotton
• South remain poverty war financers northerners.  half-wage workers longer
• Southern agriculture change civil war stayed cotton major
• Crop lien system merchants gave loan farmer pay
• George washington carver african suggested diversification south
• Southern farmers alliance political reforms solve economic problems
• Farmers southern colored national alliance african opposed
• Redeemers attention economic problems stay political power focus
• Civil rights cases establish congress legislate racial discrimination
• Plessy v ferguson separate equal
• Case plessy v ferguson tons segregation laws
• Jim crow laws segregation what
• Whites africans voting literacy tests poll taxes political
• Grandfather clauses vote what were
• Henry turner formed international migration society pushed africans
• Ida b wells editor memphis free speech campaigned
• Booker t washington slave developed tuskegee school.  he wanted
• National negro business league established booker t washington
• Commercial farming raising single cash crops selling money
• Farmers affected 1880s price crops fall international countries
• Cooperatives businesses owned run farmers save costs charged
• Established national grange patrons husbandry oliver h kelley
• National grange established social educational experience farmers.  it political
• Munn v illinois state regulate businesses public nature
• Wabash v illinois individual states regulate insterstate commerce
• Insterstate commerce act required railroad rates reasonable
• Interstate commerce commission set act.  it investigated practices prosecuted.  it
• National alliance organization farmers what
• National alliance ocala attacked political parties.  they wanted direct
• National farmer's alliance fail horrible management blacks
• Horizontal integration lump businesses thing corporation.  (rockefeller oil
• National farmer's alliance push ocala direct election senators
• Agents u.s government deal natives 1860s supposed negotiate
• Government make arragement gold discovered sioux
• Sitting bull sioux fought americans land reservation
• Big horn sioux 7th cavalry u.s army.  general custer
• General custer famous civil war fought big horn
• Outcome big horn sioux slaughter custer men,  u.s government
• Chief joseph leader nez perce
• Nez perce react big horn chief joseph unite
• U.s government nez perce send kansas back oregon
• Union pacific building irish.  started east
• Central pacific building railroad california.  built chinese
• Railroad built transcontintal from to
• Mass slaughter bison 1860s 90s railroads
• Dawes severalty act fail natives assimilated years long
• 59ers miners colorado who were
• Comstock lode massive mine found nevada/colorado.  340 million dollars
• Miners tax california charged month foreigners
• Hub cattle drivers kansas city
• U.s top civil war natural resources abundance immigrants
• Cornelius vanderbilt merged railroads york central railroad.  (set gauge
• Federal government give land grants railroad companies push
• Jay gould destroyed railroad market fraud 1860-1900s
• Pools companies secretly fix rates share profits
• Railroads survive pre-1900 offered rebates big customers huge
• Effect panic railroads forced bankrupt.  j pierpont morgan
• Interlocking directorates directors run competing companies
• Bessemer process producing steel.  it made steel mainstream
• Andrew carnegie's background poor scottish immigrant child
• Vertical integration idea purchasing companies make end product.  (steel
• Purchased carnegie steel company jp morgan million dollars.  it
• John rockefeller's background cleveland ohio
• Company rockefeller start standard oil
• Rockefeller flooded market cheap products bought competitors.  he paid
• Rockefeller avoid sherman antitrust act made trustees heads
• Trust group people rule company
• Sherman antitrust act prohibited contract combination form trust
• United states v e c knight sherman antitrust
• Concept laissez-faire economy regulate itself.  run supply demand
• Social darwinism poor fault what
• Rockefeller's gospel wealth god gave him.  it god's favor.  he
• Reverand russel conwell preach duty rich
• Carnegie's gospel wealth rich responsibility carry projects civic
• Samuel f.b morse invent telegraph
• Transatlantic cable allowed telegrams cross country
• Alexander graham bell invented telephone
• Contributions edison make inventions.  the idea team researchers working
• George westinghouse huge inventor invented things air brake
• Consumer goods marketed pre-1900 catalogs sears roebuck).  some chain-stores
• Concentration wealth post-civil war hands rich.  they owned
• Horatio aleger jr myth extreme wealth honesty hard
• Needed people middle class grow post-civil war factories
• Wages david ricardo wages?  and affect people's beliefs post-civil
• Average income family year a
• Make poverty line pre-1900 year people made
• Women workforce in by 1900
• Life factory worker horrible monotony danger change jobs
• Fight organized strikes industry struggles labor lockout closing
• Bachelor sports considered unfit women stay
• Strike railroad rr copmpanies cut wages massive people
• National labor union men only.  it organize workers states.  it
• Led knights labor uriah stephens
• Goals knights labor fight cooperatives child trusts monopolies.  
• Knights fail loosely organized why
• Haymarket bombing knights chicago.  200 anarchists chicago  strike broke mccormick
• Led national labor union william h sylvis
• Led american federation labor samuel gompers
• Wages goals af l wanted raise women's push
• Collective af l bargaining.  walk employeer negotiates contract bargaining
• Homestead strike carnegie's steel plant cuts wages.  they guards
• Pullman railroad strike made sleeping cars.  he cut wages.  the
• Pullman strike solved attatched sleeping cars mail cars.  got
• Court debs supreme allowed injunctions strikes
• Taylorism scientific management.  a theory management style analyzes productions.  it
• Child labor laws passed gilded age limit hours
• Homestead henry frick leader steel plant strike place.  he
• Pinkertons private guards hired frick
• Columbian exposition gathering tons people chicago civilization
• Immigrants northwestern european immigrans.  british german scandanavian protestants
• Immigrants southern eastern europe.  they roman catholics poor
• Made statue liberty frédéric-auguste bartholdi 1886.  it beacon hope
• Ellis island place immigrants passed america.  tighter restrictions immigration
• Labor contract law prevented contracted pay workers leave
• American protective association nativist societ openly prejuddiced roman
• People urbanization progress america moved cities.  by living urban
• Urbanization occur early 1900s tons immigration.  new economic opportunities.  african
• Streetcar cities allowed people live fair distance street
• Skyscrapers mainstream land costed more.  elevators.  central steam heating radiators
• Ethnic neighborhoods poor insides city tons people crammed
• Ghettos poor ethnic neighborhoods ethnicity maintained language culture
• Cheap massive suburban growth 1900s lots land transportation
• Frederick law olmsted designed park suburbs
• Political machines groups people gave jobs supporters.  they essentially
• Political party boss controlled machines.  they  managed social ethnic economic
• Henry george wrote progress poverty book highlighted growing
• Edward bellamy wrote backward envisioned future poverty greed
• Settlement houses taught english immigrants,  education children gave immigrants
• Jane adams started hull house settlement successful
• Social gospel movement apply christian values problems.  they wanted
• Walter rauschenbusch wrote books urging religions social justice.  he
• Dwight moody protestant helped urban evangelists adapt traditional
• Salvation army helped give poor basic necessities teaching
• Mary baker eddy taught good health result thinking
• Women's elizabeth cady stanton susan b anthony establish
• Women's christian temperance union advocated abstinence alcohol.  they believed
• Frances e willard led women's christian temperance union
• Antisaloon league persuaded states close saloons boards
• Carry nation raided bars saloons kansas wait legislation
• Anthony comstock formed society suppression vice.  this watchdoog american
• Comstock law prohibited mailing transportation obscene lewd material
• Charles w eliot electives harvard.  (unheard
• John hopkins university specialize advanced graduate studies.  it emphasized
• Oliver wendell holmes jr teach law evolve times
• Clarence darrow argue criminal behavior caused enviornment poverty
• W e b du bois black degree harvard.  he
• Bret harte realist depicted life rough mining camps
• Mark twain great realist author.  he showed greed violence
• William dean howells realist showed problems industrialization unequal
• Stephen crane naturalists wrote urban environment destroy lives
• Jack london naturalists wrote conflict nature civilization
• Theodore dreiser naturalist write portrayed poor working girl
• Painted thomas eakins everyday lives working-class people human
• James mcneill whistler painted whistler's mother study color.  it
• Mary cassat painted colors impressionism
• Ashcan school group social realists painted scenes everyday
• Armory show hosted bunch abstract nonrepresentational painting americans
• Henry hobson richardson changed american architecture giving romanesque
• Louis sullivan changed architecture making style tall steel
• Frank lloyd wright made organic style architecture harmony
• Frederick law olmstead planned lot city parks scenic
• John philip sousa great march director composer early
• Jelly roll morton buddy bolden african americans introduced
• Jazz african rythms western-style instruments mixed improvisation
• Scott joplin wrote maple leaf rag".  he established ragtime
• Stories joseph pulitzer newspaper exceed million circulation.  world paper.  it
• William randolph hearst pushed scandal sectionalism massively high
• Amusement grow early 1900s hours worked improved transportation
• Phineas t barnum james bailey established circus form
• Buffalo bill annie oakley actors large wild west
• John l sullivan famous athlete era cities.  he boxer
• Melting pot great mixing cultures created europeans america
• Cultural diversity remaining separate cultures.  anti-melting pot
• Sports amateur popular era cities valued valuable sources
• Competed election james garfield r winfield hancock d
• Won election james garfield who
• Chester arthur takes garfield dies
• Civil service reform government workers qualify position spoils
• Pendleton act government jobs filled competitive test
• Competed election james blain r grover cleveland d
• Wins election grover cleveland who
• Blains mistakes election private dinner big industrialists talks
• Dependant pension bill federal assistance work
• Dependant pension bill fail cleveland vetoed
• Competed election cleveland d benjamin harrison r
• Benjamin harrison leave control presidency staff.  primarily james blain.  (teddy
• Urbanization movement unskilled workers attracted city offered entertainment
• Kinds housing ghetto dumbell tenements row homes
• Generally controlled congress gilded age democrats
• Stalwarts traditional republicans gilded age believed political machine.  led
• Halfbreeds republicans gilded age wanted limit political machine
• Mugwumps stalwarts halfbreeds.  fencesters who were
• Thomas reed speaker house gilded age essentially controlled
• Greenback party formed gilded age wanted money circulation
• Specie resumption act redeemed greenbacks america back gold
• James b weaver ran populists election
• Crime stopped coining silver the
• Bland-allison act allowed limited amount silver coinage gold
• Benjamin harrison won election who
• Billion dollar congress harrison spent navy internal improvements
• Mckinley tariff designed merchants.  it increased high
• Sherman silver purchase act increased coinage silver.  (not farmers
• Farmers populist party family struggling technology destroying tradition
• Omaha platform populists direct election senators state laws
• Populists view economy unlimited coinage graduated income tax
• Competed election james weaver p ben harrison r
• Wins election cleveland d who
• Panic occur corporations bankrupt smaller stock crash.  unemployment reaches
• Cleveland handle panic lassiez-faire how
• Major railroad companies collapsed panic philadelphia reading
• Massive gold drain 1890s panic cashing silver
• Jacob coxey populist led army protest government force
• William h harvey's coin's financial school american's troubles
• William jennings bryan democrat/populist candidate famous cross gold
• Cross gold speech crucifying everyone.  go silver bitte
• Gold bug democrats split free silver
• William mckinley republican candidate election 1896.  gold standard tariff
• Marcus hanna rich banker financially supported william mckinley
• Dingley tariff created higher what
• William seward secretary state lincoln johnson.  he french british
• Seward's folly purchase alaska what
• U.s turn imperialism open worldwide markets growing economy
• International darwism countries compete globally best.  they extend influence
• Josiah strong country future present crisis stressed protestant
• Alfred thayer mahan admiral u.s navy civil war
• America pan-american conference blaine invited ton people western
• Jingoism intense form nationalism calling aggressive foreign policy
• Britain british-venezuelan border dispute make big deal richard
• General valeriano weyler spain subdue cubans
• Yellow journalism sensational reporting sales.  influences public opinion heavily
• De lôme letter spanish ambassador back king.  u.s media
• Maine u.s battleship cuba mysteriously explodes.  spanish blamed
• Teller ammendment u.s cuba rule splendid war finished
• George dewey leader navy spanish-american war
• Dewey's strategy spanish-american war send troops cuba philippines
• Theodore roosevelt assistant secretary navy
• Rough riders volunteers teddy roosevelt pwnd cuba
• Battle deciding cuba spanish-american war san juan hill.  the
• U.s hawaii american missionaries flood hawaii.  they overthrow queen
• U.s treaty paris include ends spanish-american war cuba
• U.s spanish-american war treaty puerto rico
• U.s government annex philippines time heavily populated area
• Emilio aguinaldo led filipino rebels americans
• Popular americans opposed imperialism mark twain andrew carnegie.  they
• William competed election jennings bryan d anti-imperialist mckinley
• Takes mckinley assassinated teddy roosevelt
• Teddy's famous walk softly carry big stick
• U.s cuba put platt ammendment government pressured constitution.  cuba
• John hay mckinley's secretary state put lot foreign
• Open door policy hay's plan china countries equal
• Boxer rebellion china responds massive sphere influence.  chinese nationalists
• Roosevelt's big stick policy make u.s world power
• Hay-pauncefote treaty british u.s build canals central america
• George goethals engineered panama canal
• Panama struggles u.s face building canal yellow fever.  columbia
• Make pay roosevelt corollary roosevelt's policy british sending
• Japan russo-japanese war owns russia.  roosevelt negotiate america feels
• Gentlemen's agreement spring california segregating japanese schools
• Japanese gentlemen's agreement restrict immigration.  u.s stop segregating schools
• Great white fleet teddy world show u.s power
• Root-takahira agreement japan u.s respect other's pacific possessions.  japan
• Dollar diplomacy taft's foreign policy.  he wanted promote u.s
• Lodge corollary henry cabot blocked japan buying part
• Foreign freedom wilson's attempt affairs.  promised moral approach affairs
• Jones act wilson passed it.  it gave full territorial
• Leader victoriano huerta militaristic mexico killing democratic
• Tampico incident wilson wanted aid rebels mexican civil
• South american abc power's argentina brazil chile
• Venustiano carranza led government mexico huerta fell power
• Pancho villa mexican rebel.  he attacked tons americans carranza
• Expeditionary force mexico wilson tons american troops catch
• John j pershing led expeditionary force pursuing villa
• Political progressivism movement people curb power special interest
• Goals progressive movement society capable improvement advancement.  direct purposeful
• Progressives great fixers the what
• Progressives pursue monopolies power concentrated area federal government
• Social cohesion progressives pursued develop society depends make
• Progressives place faith religion knowledge wanted apply natural
• Muckrakers progressive journalists wrote articles exposing corruption.  they encouraged
• Start muckrakers fall covered things businesses bribe magazine
• Lincoln steffans wrote shame cities exposed corruption local
• Oil ida tarbell wrote history standard company exposed
• Social gospel progressivism religion combined responsible needed it.  it
• Environment goals settlement house movement personal development.  not problems
• Taught settlement houses immigrants american middle class values
• Formed jobs reformed progressive era professionals societies prove
• Women progressive era supported progressivism.  more colleges opened gained
• Women's clubs form women gather discuss social issues.  they
• Goals women's clubs pressure governemnt pass laws want.  open
• Women's trade union league raise money strike bailout
• Women suffrage natural vote.  they believed vote wars fought
• National american womens suffrage association backed women's
• Women vote states allowed to
• 19th amendment gave women vote
• William james john dewey advocated pragmatism testing ideas
• Pragmatism philosophical movement system forms generally stressing practical
• Oil henry demarest lloyd wrote corruption standard companeis
• Lives jacob riis wrote half horrible poor people
• Australian ballot time voters secluded area voted
• Direct primaries allowed people nominate party candidates
• Robert la follette wisconsin gentleman introduced direct primary
• Seventeenth amendment allowed direct election senators
• Progressives politicians listen people initiative referendum recall
• Initiative voters compel legislature bill
• Referendum method allowed citizens vote proposed laws printed
• Recall voters remove corrupt politicial office majority vote
• Samuel m jones progressive mayor ohio provided free
• Tom l johnson progressive mayor ohio fought public
• Wisconsin idea direct primary law tax reform regulation
• Give square deal anthracite coal miners strike.  roosevelt called
• Trusts roosevelt sherman antitrust act break bad stifling
• Elkins act gave icc power stop railroads giving
• Hepburn act gave icc power fix reasonable rates
• Wrote jungle upton sinclair who
• Food pure drug act forbade manufacture sale transportation
• Meat inspection act allowed federal inspectors visit meatpacking
• Newlands reclamation act provided money sale public land
• Gifford pinchot director u.s forest service
• Won election taft r bryan d
• Policies taft follow busted lot trusts.  he large conservationist.  
• Mann-elkins act gave icc power suspend railroad rates
• Sixteenth amendment allowed u.s government collect income tax
• Tariff payne-adlrich raised rate.  taft supported lower
• Joseph cannon conservative ruled house.  progressive republicans wanted rid
• Eugene v debs head socialist party america
• Bull moose party progressive republicans headed roosevelt
• Won election wilson d taft r roosevelt bm
• Nationalism strong federal government regulations helping people
• Freedom wilson's idea bringing back free fair competition
• Tariff underwood substantially lowered rate.  it included graduated income
• Federal reserve act established national banking system distributed
• Clayton antitrust act strengthened power break trusts.  it exempted
• Trade federal commission agency investigated action agagainst unfair
• Federal farm loan act banks set loaned farmers
• Northern southern african americans migrate cities race relations
• Niagra movement du bois black intellectuals met falls.  they
• Naacp national association advancement colored people.  started du bois
• National urban league wanted migrating south northern cities
• Germans attempt break naval blockade world war i
• Lusitania crisis germans sank british ship warning.  there americans
• Sussex pledge germany america world war i pledging
• Allied powers world war i britain france russia
• Central powers/triple alliance world war i germany austria-hungary
• American britain affect propaganda world war i supplied
• America prepare world war i national defense act
• Jeannette rankin woman congress who

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