Emphysema affects the lungs by destroying alveolar walls due to inflammation caused by trapped particles, reducing the surface area for gas diffusion and making alveoli less elastic, leading to decreased tidal volume, increased residual volume, and difficulty exhaling; blood oxygenation is impaired.
O enfisema afeta os pulmões destruindo as paredes alveolares devido à inflamação induzida por partículas, o que reduz a área de superfície para a difusão de gases e torna os alvéolos menos elásticos, resultando em menor volume corrente, maior volume residual e dificuldade na expiração; a oxigenação do sangue é prejudicada.
| Front | How does emphysema affect the lungs |
|---|---|
| Back | Foreign particles trapped in alveoli Inflammation attracts phagocytes, phagocytes produce an enzyme to break elastin as an immune response. Alveoli cant recoil to expel air Destruction of alveoli walls occurs reducing the surface area of alveoli so the rate of diffusion of gases decreases. Tidal volume reduced, less air is inhaled and exhaled. Residual volume larger More difficult to exhale. Alveoli cannot stretch Alveoli may burst Less surface area Less carbon dioxide removed therefore haemoglobin is less well oxygenated |
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