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Alveoli Provide Walls Efficient Large Surface Area;  Short

Front Describe and explain how the structure of the mammalian breathing system enables efficient uptake of oxygen into the blood. ( 4 marks)
Back 1. alveoli provide a large surface area; 
2. walls of alveoli thin to provide a short diffusion pathway; 
3. walls of capillary thin/close to alveoli provides a short diffusion pathway; 
4. walls (of capillaries/alveoli) have flattened cells; 
5. cell membrane permeable to gases; 
6. many blood capillaries provide a large surface area; 
7. intercostal/chest muscles/diaphragm muscles / to ventilate lungs / maintain a diffusion/concentration gradient; 
8. wide trachea / branching of bronchi/bronchioles for efficient flow of air; 
9. cartilage rings keep airways open;

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