Fish gills efficiently exchange gases due to a large surface area from lamellae, thin epithelium for short diffusion, countercurrent flow maintaining the concentration gradient, circulation replacing saturated blood, and ventilation replenishing water.
Fish gills efficiently exchange gases due to a large surface area from lamellae, thin epithelium for short diffusion, countercurrent flow maintaining the concentration gradient, circulation replacing saturated blood, and ventilation replenishing water.
| Front | A fish uses its gills to absorb oxygen from water. Explain how the gills of a fish are adapted for efficient gas exchange. ( 6 marks) |
|---|---|
| Back | 1 Large surface area provided by lamellae/filaments; 2 Increases diffusion/makes diffusion efficient; 3 Thin epithelium/distance between water and blood; 4 Water and blood flow in opposite directions/countercurrent; 5 (Point 4) maintains concentration gradient (along gill)/equilibrium not reached; 6 As water always next to blood with lower concentration of oxygen; 7 Circulation replaces blood saturated with oxygen; 8 Ventilation replaces water (as oxygen removed); |
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