| Front | A fish uses its gills to absorb oxygen from water. Explain how the gills of a fish are adapted for efficient gas exchange. ( 6 marks) |
|---|---|
| Back | 1 Large surface area provided by lamellae/filaments; 2 Increases diffusion/makes diffusion efficient; 3 Thin epithelium/distance between water and blood; 4 Water and blood flow in opposite directions/countercurrent; 5 (Point 4) maintains concentration gradient (along gill)/equilibrium not reached; 6 As water always next to blood with lower concentration of oxygen; 7 Circulation replaces blood saturated with oxygen; 8 Ventilation replaces water (as oxygen removed); |
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