en | And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured. |
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parts | 意群训练: And managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured . |
mark | 标志: And managers [under pressure (to maximize cost-cutting)]will resist innovation /because they know that (more fundamental) changes (in processes or systems) will wreak havoc /with the results (on which they are measured)//. |
cn | 译文: 而且[那些在(最大化cost-cutting的)压力之下的]经理们 将会拒绝 创新 ,/因为 他们 知道 ,(更为根本性的)(在工艺或制度上的)变化 将会 /对被用来考核他们的业绩的结果/产生灾难性的后果 。 |
tips | 请思考:句末的results指什么 ? |
explain | 解释: 本句的字面的意思容易读,可是真实含义就不那么好懂了。 先解释一个词:wreak这个单词,我们的英汉辞典中津津乐道的中文解释是“发泄(愤怒)、报仇”的意思,其实这两个意思GRE和GMAT的考试中很少用到,而且“报仇”这个词义英语国家中早已是被废弃不用的词义了;常用的意思是“带来(灾难性的后果)”,英文释义是BRING ABOUT,CAUSE,如本句中的wreak havoc,就是最经常用到的搭配。havoc指大灾难。 本句由because所引导的原因状语从句中,they know后面的宾语从句比较难。主要的问题是,changes (in processes or systems) will wreak havoc /with the results (on which they are measured)/中的results到底指的是什么。这就不仅仅要求读者只读懂字面上的意思,也要理解所读的内容。其实这个results就是指句首的maximize cost-cutting。请仔细体味一下the results on which they are measured和句首的managers under pressure to maximize cost-cutting之间的关系。 |
type | 复杂修饰 |
score | 4 |
idx | 036 |
category | gmat |
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